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Grammar and usage,1. My friend, who ___ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. (2006浙江) A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served 2. Although medical science ____control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. (2006江蘇) A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had achieve 3. The construction of the two new railway lines _______by now. (2006陜西) A. has been completed B. have been completed C. has completed D. have completed,D,B,A,,4. I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he ____on it for more than an hour. (2006湖北) A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked 5. I got caught in the rain and my suit____. (2007北京) A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 6. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what ______. (2007四川) A．have marked B. have been marked C．had marked D. had been marked,A,C,B,Present Perfect Tense & Present Perfect Continuous Tense,Form: have/has + done,Present Perfect Tense,Part A,The boy is very happy. The boy ___________ (catch) a bird.,(Connection with the past: The boy caught a bird. Connection with the present: The boy is happy. ),has caught,Look, the window is open. Eric opened the door just now. Eric ___________________(already open) the window. (Connection with the past: Eric opened the window. Connection with the present: The window is open.),has already opened,We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the recent past, but are connected to the present.,Summary (1):,has lived,Daniel __________ (live) in Beijing since he came to China. (Connection with the past: Daniel came to China. Connection with the present: Daniel is living in China.),We use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past, and is still happening now. came has lived ________________________________ past now future,Summary (2):,,The boys are tired. They _____________ (just play) a ball game. (Connection with the past: The boys played a ball game. Connection with the present: The boys are tired.),have just played,We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago.,Summary (3):,I went to Egypt in 1986. I went to Egypt in 2004. I __________ (be) to Egypt twice.,,have been,We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions.,Summary (4):,______it ever _______ (snow) in Hong Kong? No, it _______ never _________ (snow) there.,Has snowed,,has snowed,We use the present perfect tense when the exact time of an action is not clear or important. We use it with time expressions such as: already, ever, for, just, lately, never, recently, since, yet,Summary (5):,We use already for affirmative statements and yet for negative statements and interrogative sentences. 2. We use for + a period of time and since + a point of time. 3. Structures connected with the present perfect tense: 1) It is (has been) +a period of time +since-clause. 2) This (That/It) is the first (second…) time + that-clause (present perfect tense). 3) This (That/It) is the only … + that-clause (present perfect tense). 4) This (That/It) is the best/ finest /most interesting … + that-clause.,Notes:,Exercises: My friend Jack has just sent me an e-mail, telling me about his travels around the world. He (1) ____________ (just be) to Qomolangma Base Camp and (2)_________ (see) a Yeti there. He is still very excited about it. He (3)____________(visit) the Great Pyramid in Egypt too. He says that he (4)__________ (love) Egypt but he (5)__________________(not visit) all the pyramids yet. He (6)____________(swim) in Loch Ness, but luckily he (7)_______________(never meet) the Loch Ness Monster! He (8)___________(dive) in the Indian Ocean many times looking for treasure. Although he (9)____________(find) many sunken ships, he (10)_____________(not find) any treasure. ___________(11) he ____________(be) to the Great Wall before? I’m not sure—but I have!,saw,has visited,loves,hasn’t visited,has swum,has never met,has dived,has found,hasn’t found,Has,been,has just been,Present Perfect Continuous Tense,Part B,Form: have/has + been + doing,The boy started having dinner five minutes ago. He is still having dinner now. The boy ________________ (have) dinner since five minutes ago.,has been having,The man started working in the field half an hour ago. He is still working now. The man _________________ (work) in the field for half an hour.,has been working,Summary 1:,1. We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing. I have not been sleeping well since I returned home. _______________________________________________ past present,,not being able to sleep well,I’m still not sleeping well.,I returned home.,Summary 2:,We also use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way. Kelly: Sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long? Mavis: Yes. I’ve been waiting for an hour. _______________________________________________ past one hour ago present,Mavis started waiting for Kelly.,Kelly arrives.,have been observing,have been talking,have been taking,have been watching,have seen,have been writing,1. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action completed in the recent past, and the present perfect continuous tense for an action that started in the past and is still happening.,Part C Comparison,,,Li Jia __________ (read) a book about Stonehenge. (She finished reading the book.) Li Jia ______________ (read) a book about Stonehenge. (She is still reading the book.),has read,has been reading,2. We can use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.,I ____________Egypt many times. (repeated actions) The man ________________ (skate) this morning. (non-stop action),have visited,has been skating,3. We usually use the present perfect tense to ask questions beginning with how many or how much, and the present perfect continuous tense to ask questions beginning with how long .,How long have you been swimming in the lake? How many times have you swum in the lake?,4. We can use either a state verb or an action verb with the present perfect tense but we usually can only use an action verb with the present perfect continuous tense.,1) She has had the pen for 2 years. 2) She has written many compositions with this pen. 3) She has been writing compositions with this pen.,state verb,action verb,action verb,5. We use the present perfect tense, not the present perfect continuous tense, with the words like never, yet, already and ever. ( ) I have never visited America. ( ) I have already been to America. ( ) I have never been visiting America.,,√,√,?,1. Although he has lived with us for years, he _________ us much impression. hadn’t left didn’t leave C. doesn’t leave D. hasn’t left,Multiple choice,D,2. How can you possibly miss the news? It _______ on TV all day long. A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be,A,Multiple choice,3.--- ________ Dad and Vicky _________ married? A. How long were, being B. How long, have C. How long have, been D. How long did, get,C,Multiple choice,4. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ____ with each other. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled,C,Multiple choice,5. --- How long _________ at the job? --- Since 1990. A.were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you been employed,B,Multiple choice,6. I wonder why Jenny ______ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. hasn’t written doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written,A,Multiple choice,Discuss the differences between the present perfect tense and the present perfect continuous tense, then tick the correct part according to the information given.,Part D: Discussion,√,√,√,√,√,√,√,√(state verb ),√(only action verbs),√(state verbs & action verbs),Make up dialogues with the present perfect tense and the present perfect continuous tense.,Practice,In this period we’ve learned about the Present Perfect Tense and the Present Perfect Continuous Tense. Then we spent quite much time in learning the usages of these two items of grammar. So today’s homework is: 1) Go through what we learnt today and get familiar with them. 2) Finish the exercises on Student’s Book, Page 11. ( A, B),Summary and Homework,Practice 1.When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He ______(never see) her before. 2. I can’t see any coffee in the cupboard. _____ it all __________(finish)? 3. It is the second time that I ________ (be) in Shanghai. It is ten years since I left it last time. 4. He said he would write last time but I _________(never hear) from him since then.,5. Lucy ___________ (consider) going back to his company since days ago but she hasn’t made her final decision. 6. I am really tired. I______________(paint) the living room all day and still need one more hour. 7. She was doing an important experiment when I found her and she__________(not finish) it. 8. Every means _________(try) up till now without any result.,Answers to the practice: 1. has never seen 2. Has , been finished 3. have been 4. have never heard 5. has been considering 6. have been painting 7. hasn’t finished 8. has been tried,Thank you!,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,