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gkxx精品課件,Unit 2 The Environment,Grammar and usage,gkxx精品課件,-ing form,Grammar and usage,gkxx精品課件,This lesson is boring. There are sleeping students in class.,（表語）,（定語）,gkxx精品課件,Functions as an adjective:,V-ing形式可以同形容詞一樣置于名詞 之前修飾名詞。,有時(shí)V-ing形式也可用副詞修飾。,V-ing 形式亦可以同定語從句一樣置于 名詞之后修飾名詞，可以轉(zhuǎn)化成定語從 句。,V-ing 形式可以用作表語或賓語的補(bǔ) 語。,gkxx精品課件,,,4. The man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.,2. The man running in the picture is Liu Xiang.,1. a running man,3. The man running fastest got the first place.,Attribute:,gkxx精品課件,小 結(jié):,V-ing形式作定語可表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行（如例1、2）或表示和所修飾詞之間有邏輯主動(dòng)關(guān)系（如例3）。,gkxx精品課件,小 結(jié):,單個(gè)V-ing詞作定語修飾名詞一般置于名詞之前（如例1）；V-ing詞組修飾名詞則置于名詞之后（如例2、3），此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句（如例4）。,gkxx精品課件,Rewrite the following sentences with attributive clauses. The teacher teaching us English is Ms Zhou. =The teacher who is teaching us English is Ms Zhou.,gkxx精品課件,The people sitting behind us are all teachers.,The expert coming from Lishui is a lady called Ms Cai.,=The people who are sitting behind us are all teachers.,=The expert who comes from Lishui is a lady called Ms Cai.,gkxx精品課件,Translate the following phrases.,,,a reading room,a washing machine,an exciting evening,an interesting crosstalk,閱覽室,洗衣機(jī),激動(dòng)人心的夜晚,有趣的相聲,gkxx精品課件,,a sleeping car,a smoking room,listening practice,an opening speech,a booking office,running water,臥鋪車,吸煙室,聽力練習(xí),開幕詞,售票處,自來水,gkxx精品課件,I heard the girl singing in the classroom.,I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.,Object Complement:,The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.,We have the fire burning all day.,gkxx精品課件,V-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語置于賓語之后，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（如例1、2、3），或強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程或一種狀態(tài)。（如例4）,小 結(jié) ：,gkxx精品課件,V-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，往往同賓語存在邏輯主動(dòng)關(guān)系。,小 結(jié) ：,gkxx精品課件,V-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的常見動(dòng)詞：,make, let, have, keep, leave, see, watch, hear, notice, find, feel 等。,小 結(jié) ：,gkxx精品課件,1. Sixty million people _____ (live) in rural areas are moving to the cities every year. 2. The bottle _________ (contain) the poison was sent to the laboratory.,Practice,living,containing,Fill in the blanks with the verb given in its proper form.,gkxx精品課件,3. The man _____ (sit) on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University. 4. The children _________ (play) the violin over there will give a performance next week. 5. Our trip was ______________ (disappoint). We did not find any unusual plants.,sitting,playing,disappointing,gkxx精品課件,6. I saw them ______(force) the door open with a hammer. 7. We heard them _________ (quarrel) about money after the concert; they looked very angry. 8. I heard him ________ (drop) lots of coins into the collecting tin.,forcing,quarreling,dropping,gkxx精品課件,9. You can see them __________ (perform) every night this week at the New Theatre. 10. The news was __________(shock). All the three boats had sunk in the storm.,performing,shocking,gkxx精品課件,Function as an adverb:,常用于 stand, sit, lie 等動(dòng)詞之后表 示伴隨的狀態(tài)。,V-ing詞組可以在句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、原 因、結(jié)果、條件等狀語。,gkxx精品課件,1. 作時(shí)間狀語 -ing短語作時(shí)間狀語要置于句首。如： Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. 當(dāng)聽到這個(gè)不幸的消息時(shí)，他們情不自禁地哭了起來。,gkxx精品課件,Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After I had received his letter, I decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我決定給他回信。 2. 作原因狀語 -ing短語作原因狀語置于句首。如： Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.,gkxx精品課件,=Because he was so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. 因?yàn)樘鷼饬?，他不能入睡?Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. =Because (As) he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. 因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)去過長城許多次，上周他就沒去。,gkxx精品課件,3. 作條件狀語 -ing作條件狀語置于句首或句末。如： Working hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奮一點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)成功。 Being given more attention, the trees could have grown better.,gkxx精品課件,=If they had been given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果對這些樹再多注意些，它們可能長得更好。 4. 作讓步狀語 -ing短語作讓步狀語，可置于句首或 句末，常與even if, though 連用。如：,gkxx精品課件,Though working from morning till night, his father didn’t get enough food. =Although his father worked from morning till night, he didn’t get enough food. 雖然他父親從早到晚拼命地干活，但是他還是掙不到足夠的吃的。,gkxx精品課件,5. 作伴隨狀語 置于句首或句末。如： They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. =They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. 他們又唱又笑地走進(jìn)教室。,gkxx精品課件,When working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. =When he worked in the factory, he was an advanced worker.,注意： 1. -ing短語與when, while, though, until, if等連詞連用時(shí)，相當(dāng)于這些連引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)從句。如：,gkxx精品課件,Though willing to attend the party, he refused the invitation. =Though he was willing to attend the party, he refused the invitation. While staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice. =While he was staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice.,gkxx精品課件,If playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. =If you play all day, you will waste your valuable time. Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. =Though it was raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.,gkxx精品課件,2. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語與主句的主語保持一致。如： He traveled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket. = When he traveled on the plane like this, he kept the tortoise hidden in a blanket.,gkxx精品課件,小 結(jié):,V-ing有其完成式having done, 表示分 詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前。 表示時(shí)間狀語時(shí)常同連詞when, whenever, while, once, until等連用。 分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語同主句的主 語一致且有邏輯主動(dòng)關(guān)系，往往可轉(zhuǎn)換 為相應(yīng)的狀語從句。 V-ing形式的否定not要置于V-ing之前。,gkxx精品課件,1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly. 2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it.,Choose the correct sentence.,gkxx精品課件,3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden. 4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.,gkxx精品課件,5. a. Being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week. b. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.,-ing形式的否定式為在其前面加not。 如： He sat there, not knowing what to say.,gkxx精品課件,1. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus ____ the delay. A. to cause B. causing C. caused D. cause 2. One by one Peter sold his bits and pieces, ____ only a mite of their worth. A. getting B. got C. to get D. get,Exercise,gkxx精品課件,3. After seeing the movie, _____. A. the book was read by him B. the book made him want to read it C. he wanted to read the book D. the reading of the book interested him,gkxx精品課件,4. The next morning she found the man in bed, _____ dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 5. There was terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed,gkxx精品課件,6. The secretary worked late into the night, ____ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing,gkxx精品課件,7. “Can’t you read?” Mary said____ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing,gkxx精品課件,8. He worked day and night, ____ his task ahead of time. A. finished B. finishing C. finish D. to finish 9. I was in the bathroom, not ___ the knock at the door. A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard,gkxx精品課件,10. ___ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received,gkxx精品課件,11. What worried the boy most was ___ to visit his father in the hospital. A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. having not been allowed D. his being not allowed,gkxx精品課件,12. They apologized for ____ to attend the meeting. A. their not being able B. their being not able C. them not able D. them being able not,gkxx精品課件,高考鏈接 1. We all found his argument convincing and interesting. (P28) [考點(diǎn)] V-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 [考例] A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____ in the kitchen. （NMET 2003） smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked.,gkxx精品課件,[點(diǎn)撥] 選B。he 和smoke是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以用V-ing形式。該句中的“he is found”是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，還原成主動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)該是“find him smoking”。,gkxx精品課件,2. We are making bigger holes in the nets, hoping to avoid catching fish that are not fully grown.(P30) [考點(diǎn)] V-ing形式作原因狀語。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。,gkxx精品課件,[考例] We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _____ that all children like these things. (2006全國卷III) A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought [點(diǎn)撥] 選A。we 與think 之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。句子相當(dāng)于：We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, because we think that all children like these things.,gkxx精品課件,3. He travelled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket. (P30) [考點(diǎn)] 當(dāng)分詞作狀語時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。,gkxx精品課件,[考例] While watching television, _____. （2005全國卷II） A． the doorbell rang B． the doorbell rings C． we heard the doorbell ring D． we heard the doorbell rings,gkxx精品課件,[點(diǎn)撥] 選C。由前面分詞結(jié)構(gòu)While watching television可以看出：watching television是由人發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，其主語應(yīng)當(dāng)是和主句的邏輯主語一致的，所以主句的主語應(yīng)該是人。,gkxx精品課件,4. He sat there, not knowing what to say. (P30) [考點(diǎn)] 非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式是在非謂語動(dòng)詞前面加上not。,gkxx精品課件,[考例] _____ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. （廣東2004） Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed,gkxx精品課件,[點(diǎn)撥] 選C。該句主語是they，和complete 是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以用V-ing形式表示主動(dòng)。complete the programme這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在have to stay there . 動(dòng)作之前，故用完成時(shí)態(tài)。,gkxx精品課件,Thank you,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,