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111 必修5　 Unit 5　First aid 要 點 梳 理 高效梳理·知識備考 ●重點單詞 1．aid n. & vt.幫助；援助；資助 2．temporary adj.暫時的；臨時的 3．injury n．損傷；傷害→injure v．受傷 4．bleed vi. & vt.流血→bled(過去式)→bled(過去分詞) 5．choke vi. & vt.(使)噎?。?使)窒息 6．poison n．毒藥；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒→poisonous adj.有毒的 7．variety n．變化；多樣(化)；多變(性)→various adj.各種各樣的→vary v．變化 8．mild adj.輕微的；溫和的；溫柔的→mildly adv.輕微地；溫和地 9．swell vi. & vt.(使)膨脹；隆起→swollen adj.腫脹的 10．squeeze vt. & vi.榨；擠；壓榨 11．symptom n．癥狀；征兆 12．pour vt. & vi.倒；灌；注；涌 13．tight adj.牢的；緊的；緊密的→tightly adv.緊地 14．firm adj.(動作)穩(wěn)定有力的；堅定的→firmly adv.堅固地；穩(wěn)定地 15．treat vt. & vi.治療；對待；款待 n．款待；招待→treatment n．治療；療法；對待；待遇 16．apply vt.涂；敷；搽；應用；運用 vi.申請；請求；使用；有效→applicant n．申請人→application n．申請(書) 17．pressure n．壓力；擠壓；壓迫(感) ●重點短語 1．first aid　急救 2．fall ill 生病 3．prevent...from... 阻止…… 4．get burned 燒傷 5．electric shock 觸電；電休克 6．squeeze out 榨出；擠出 7．over and over again 反復；多次 8．in place 在適當?shù)奈恢?；適當 9．a number of 若干；許多 10．put one’s hands on 找到 11．make a difference 區(qū)別對待；有影響；起(重要)作用 ●重點句型 1．If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible.若燙傷是在胳膊或腿上，如果可能的話，把它們抬得高于心臟。 2．John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. 約翰正在房間里做功課，突然聽到一聲尖叫。 3．It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade’s life. 正是約翰的快速反應和急救知識救了斯萊德女士的命。 4．There is no doubt_that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life. 毫無疑問，是約翰敏捷的思維和在學校所學的急救技術，使得斯萊德女士得救了。 ●高考范文 (2008·湖南) 請從下列人物中選擇你最喜歡的一位，用英語寫一篇120詞左右的短文。要求根據(jù)所給信息作適當發(fā)揮，且需包括以下三部分內容： 1．對該人物的簡單介紹； 2．喜歡該人物的理由； 3．從該人物身上得到的啟示。 ? ? ? Thomas Edison Helen Keller William Shakespeare inventor； creative; diligent； full of wisdom ordinary but great woman; disabled；optimistic; eager to learn writer; talented；imaginative; man of all ages　 “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety－nine percent perspiration.” “...if I had the power of sight for three days.” “Life is a stage...” [范文] Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor. He was once thought to be a boy who was not worth educating. In fact, he was a man full of imagination. I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution to the world. He had more than 1 000 inventions. In his life time, he was always eager to know how things worked, which helped him to earn the nickname “the Wizard of Melo Park”. He was also so diligent that he worked day and night. And this explained why he had so many great inventions. What impresses me most is his famous saying, “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety－nine percent perspiration”. Probably I cannot be an Edison myself, but I can be a hardworking learner. From him, I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, but what you are doing and how you 考 點 探 究 互動探究·能力備考 Ⅰ.詞匯短語過關 1．aid n．&vt. 援助；資助；救助 first aid 急救 give/do/offer sb. first aid give/do/offer first aid to sb.對某人進行急救 with the aid/help of... 在……的幫助下 without sb.‘s aid/help 沒有某人的幫助 go to one’s aid/help 前去幫助某人 aid sb. to do sth. 幫助某人做某事 aid sb. in/with... 為……幫助某人 [即學即練1](1)The organization offers economic ____________ the Third World. 這個組織給第三世界提供經(jīng)濟援助。 (2)Dictionaries are ___________________ learning languages.字典對于學習語言有很大的幫助。 (3)They ______ the poor country ______ money. 他們用錢幫助那個窮國。 aid to a great aid in aided with (4)His workmates ______ him ____________ the difficulty.他的工友們幫助他克服了困難。 　　 aided to overcome 2．swell v．(使)膨脹；增長 (swelled, swollen) n．涌浪；海浪的涌動 swollen adj.腫脹的 swell(sth.) into/to sth.(使某物)膨脹，腫脹，增強，增多 swell(sth.) with pride/anger etc.洋洋得意/怒氣沖沖等 [即學即練2](1)Her face ______ (______) with toothache./Her face ____________ (______) with toothache. 她的臉因牙痛而腫了起來。 (2)A small business ____________ a big company. 小商店發(fā)展成大公司。 (3)Her heart __________________ as she watched her son receiving his award. 看著兒子領獎時，她心中充滿了自豪。 　 swelled up was swollen up swelled into swelled with pride 3．squeeze vt. & vi. 榨；擠；壓榨 squeeze out榨出；擠出 squeeze...out of/from...把……從……中榨出來 squeeze into/through...擠進…… [即學即練3](1)Must you _________ the toothpaste tube in the middle？你非得從中間擠牙膏嗎？ (2)Try to ________ a bit more ____________ the tube. 盡量從管里再擠出一點兒。 (3)Five of us ____________ the back seat of the car. 我們中有5個人擠進了汽車的后座。 squeeze squeeze out of squeezed into 4．treat vt. 治療；對待；款待 n．款待；招待 treat...as/like把……當做 treat sb./oneself(to sth.)請客吃…… be one’s treat由/該某人請客 [即學即練4](1)They ______ me ______ one of the family, which was very kind of them. 他們把我作為一個家庭成員來對待，他們真是太好了。 (2)He is seriously ill, and __________________in hospital now.他病得很重，現(xiàn)在在醫(yī)院接受治療。 (3)We’ll ______ you ______ dinner.我們請你吃飯。 (4)__________________. What would you like to eat? 我請客，你們想吃什么？ treated as is being treated treat to It’s my treat 5．apply vt.涂；敷；搽；應用；運用 vi.申請；請求；使用；有效 apply to適用于 apply...to...把……應用到 apply to sb. for...向某人申請…… apply oneself to(doing) sth.專注于；專心做某事 [即學即練5](1)What you said doesn’t ____________ me.你所說的并不適合我。 (2)You can’t ______ this rule ______ every case. 這個規(guī)則并不能適用于所有的狀況。 (3)She ____________ a job ______ an English teacher. 她應征英語教師的工作。 (4)We had to ____________ the government ______ financial help.我們只好向政府申請財務援助。 apply to apply to applied for as apply to for (5)He __________________ learning English. 他專心學英語。 applied himself to 6．fall ill生病 fall asleep 睡著，入睡 fall behind (競賽等)落在(對方)后面；輸給別人 fall apart 土崩瓦解；(關系)崩裂，崩潰 fall down 從……落下；倒下；跌倒；(建筑物等)倒塌； (計劃等)失敗 fall off 下降；跌落 fall over 跌倒 [即學即練6](1)Caught in a heavy rain, he ____________ and died.淋了大雨，他生了一場病就死了。 (2)Work hard, or we will ____________. 努力學習，否則我們就會落后。 (3)He ____________ his bike while riding. 他騎車時從自行車上摔了下來。 　　 fell ill fall behind fell off 7．in place 在適當?shù)奈恢茫贿m當 out of place 不在適當?shù)奈恢?；不恰? in the first place 首先，第一 in the next place 其次，第二點 in place of... 代替…… take the place of... 代替，取代 take one‘s place 代替某人；就座 take place 發(fā)生，舉行 give place to 讓位于，為……取代 [即學即練7](1)She likes everything to be ____________ before she starts work. 她喜歡東西都擺好再開始工作。 (2)Her dress was quite ____________ at the ceremony. 在那個典禮上她的服裝非常得體。 (3)I felt completely __________________ among all those smart rich people. 在那些衣冠楚楚的富人中間，我覺得自己完全格格不入。 (4)__________________ for the next dance. 各就各位，準備跳下一個舞。 in place in place out of place Take your places 8．put one‘s hands on＝lay/get one’s hands on 找到，得到 at hand 在手邊；即將來到 by hand 用手做，靠手工 from hand to hand 從一人手中傳到另一人手中 hand in hand 手拉手，共同地 in hand 在手里；在掌握中，在控制下 join hands 攜手，聯(lián)手 on the one hand..., on the other hand... 一方面……，另一方面…… out of hand 無法控制 [即學即練8](1)I‘ll bring some tapes if I can ________________________ them. 如果找得到的話，我會帶幾盒錄音帶來。 (2)________________________， I want to sell the house, but ________________________ I can’t bear the thought of moving. 一方面我想把房子賣掉，但另一方面我又不愿搬家。 (3)Don‘t worry—all the arrangements are ____________. 別擔心，一切都安排好了。 lay my hands on On the one hand on the other hand in hand (4)He believes that the great day is ____________. 他相信這個偉大的日子就要來到了。 　 　　 at hand 9．make a difference區(qū)別對待；有影響；起(重要)作用 make no difference(to sb./sth.) 對某人/物沒有作用或影響，對某人/物不重要/不要緊 make some difference(to sb./sth.) 對某人/物有些作用或影響 tell the difference分辨，區(qū)分，區(qū)別 [即學即練9](1)It _______________________ which way he goes. 他走哪條路會有很大不同。 (2)Whether he will come _________________. 他是否來無關緊要。 (3)The twins are so alike. It’s difficult to __________________.這對雙胞胎長得太像了，很難分出誰是誰。 　 makes a great difference makes no difference tell the difference Ⅱ.重點句型詳解 1．If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if_possible. 如果燙傷的部位在臂部或腿部，如果可能的話就要把手臂或腿抬到高于心臟的位置。 if possible 為狀語從句的省略，其完整形式為 if it is possible。 ①If possible, do it by yourself. 可能的話，你自己做。 ②If possible, I‘ll go to Beijing tomorrow. 如果可能的話，明天我要去北京。 拓展：if so 如果這樣的話 if not 如果不是的話 if any 如果有的話 if necessary 如果必要的話 if ever 如果曾經(jīng)有的話 [即境活用1]　—I hear Bob has been ill in hospital for days. —______， let‘s go to see him. A．If ever　　 B．If any C．If possible D．If so 答案：D 解析：考查省略句 if so“如果這樣的話”。 2．John was_studying in his room when he heard screaming. 約翰正在屋里學習，突然聽到一聲尖叫。 when 并列連詞，意為“這時”，相當于 and then。 when 作并列連詞用時，構成并列句，意為“就在這時，恰恰在這時”，多用在下列句型中： ...be doing...when... 正在……這時…… ...be about to do...when... 正打算做……這時…… be just going to do...when... 正要……這時…… had just done...when... 剛做了……這時…… be on the point of doing...when... 正要……這時…… ①He was sleeping when there was a knock at the door. 他正在睡覺，這時有人敲門。 ②I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door. 我剛想出門，這時有人敲門。 ③We had just begun to work when the machine broke down. 我們剛開始工作，這時機器壞了。 ④The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady‘s handbag when the bus suddenly stopped. 小偷正要把手伸進那位女士的手提袋中，這時公共汽車突然停了。 [即境活用2]　The children were playing football happily on the playground ______ it began to rain heavily. A．as B．while C．when D．suddenly 答案：C 解析：句意為：孩子們正在操場上高興地踢足球，這時天開始下起大雨。 易 錯 點 撥 自我完善·誤區(qū)備考 1. injury/wound/hurt/damage/harm (1)injury指平時的大、小創(chuàng)傷或傷害，也可用于無生命物。 (2)wound指戰(zhàn)斗中刀或槍的創(chuàng)傷、傷口。 (3)hurt尤指精神上或感情上的傷害，肉體上的傷痛。 (4)damage指損失、損害(不表示傷痛)，主要用于物。 (5)harm指精神和肉體上的極大損害，不但可用于生物也可用于抽象事物。 [應用1]　(1)Too much drinking will do you great ______/do great ______ to you.過量飲酒有害。 (2)He got an ______ in the accident.他在事故中受傷。 (3)Fires caused by the California Earthquake did the most ______.在加利福尼亞大地震中，火災造成的損失最大。 harm harm injury damage (4)The soldier had a ______ in his chest. 這位戰(zhàn)士胸部受傷。 (5)My sympathy eased his ______. 我的同情減輕了他的痛苦。 　　 　 wound hurt 2. a number of/the number of 同：兩者均修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。 異：a number of是指“大量的”，后面的謂語動詞是復數(shù)形式。the number of是指“……的數(shù)量”，后面的謂語動詞是單數(shù)形式。 [應用2]　(1)_________________ students in my class is 56. (2)________________ our classmates love English. The number of A number of 高 效 作 業(yè) 自我測評·技能備考 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．The old man was sent to hospital because of high blood p_____________. 2．The cut on my arm b____________ a lot when I was hurt yesterday. 3．As soon as he came back to life from the accident, he called an a______________. 4．The dog was killed by rat p___________. pressure　 bled ambulance poison 5．He had a badly s__________ ankle after falling down from the stairs. 6．More and more people are riding _______ (電的) bikes. 7．Although I ______(倒) it carefully, I spilt some of the oil. 8．In the crash he suffered severe ___________(傷) to the head and arms. 9．The news of the _________ ( 輻射) leak caused widespread public alarm. 10．An old woman was found _________ (使窒息) to death. swollen　 electric poured injuries radiation choked Ⅱ .單項選擇 1．－Let’s go Dutch for this supper. OK? －No, ______ this time, as a reward for all your help. A．it’s up to you　　　　　　 B．it’s my treat C．let’s talk about it D．it doesn’t matter 答案：B 解析：句意為：“這頓晚飯讓我們AA制吧?！薄安?，這次由我請客，作為對你的幫助的回報?！盇項意為“由你做決定”；B項意為“由我請客”；C項意為“讓我們討論一下”；D項意為“沒關系”。 2．(2010·湖北百校聯(lián)考)The most successful retired athletes are those who can ______ the life skills they learned in sports to another area of life. A．contribute B．employ C．apply D．engage 答案：C 解析：考查動詞辨析。語意：最成功的退役運動員當屬那些能將自己在體育中學到的人生技能運用到人生的另外一個領域的人。這里用apply A to B表示“把A應用于B”。 3．－What do you think of our next game? －A bit worried. We ______ it with our two major players ______ injured. A．have lost; / B．will have lost; being C．will lose; are D．are losing; / 答案：D 解析：第一空用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來；第二空為with的復合結構，過去分詞injured做賓補。 4．You have to be accurate in this job, because a small mistake can make a big ______. A．difference B．difficulty C．trouble D．change 答案：A 解析：make a (some, no) difference有(一些，沒有什么)作用；關系；影響。 5．On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont ______ I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading “Boston”． A．which B．while C．when D．as 答案：C 解析：句意為：在一個雨天我正開車沿Vermont向北行駛，這時我注意到一個年輕人舉著一個寫著Boston的牌子。when這時。其他選項無此意。 6．Life is tough in the city. In order to lose their ______， some people drink alcohol. A．temper B．mood C．consciousness D．pressures 答案：D 解析：句意為“在城里生活很艱辛，為了減壓，一些人喝酒”。A.脾氣；B.情緒；C.意識；D.壓力。 7．It's a good habit to keep everything ______ in your study. A．in the way B．in place C．in hand D．in the place 答案：B 解析：keep...in place 把……保存在適當?shù)奈恢谩n the way 擋道，礙事；in hand 保有，可用；in the place 在這個地方。 8．______ most efficient way to understand thousands of new words is to gain ______ good knowledge of basic word information. A．A; a B．The; / C．A; / D．The; the 答案：A 解析：考查冠詞。第一空 a most efficient way 表示“一種非常有效的方法”，第二空 a knowledge of 指“一門……知識”。 9．(2010·河北辛集中學調研)I think Jack will ______ a good monitor, so I'd like to vote for him. A．turn B．change C．make D．elect 答案：C 解析：考查動詞辨析。此處make表示“成為”。假如選擇A項，應該去掉句中的不定冠詞。 10．(2010·江西高安中學)－Did you have any trouble finding your way in Shanghai? －Yes, I tried to find my way to the airport but ______. A．has been lost B．get lost C．lost D．got lost 答案：D 解析：前面的問句以及tried暗示時態(tài)應為一般過去時，因此選got lost。 11．(2010·貴陽部分學校聯(lián)考)The painting is so valuable that it is difficult to calculate ______ its price would be. A．that B．which C．what D．/ 答案：C 解析：考查名詞性從句。這里用what引導賓語從句，并在從句中作表語。這畫太名貴了，很難估量其價格。 12．(2010·江西師大附中)______ that we should look after the three dogs three times, my mother left home. A．Mentioning B．Having been mentioned C．Having mentioned D．Mentioned 答案：C 解析：mention這個動作的邏輯主語是mother，首先排除B、D兩項；mention這個動作發(fā)生在leave之前，故應用having done的形式。 13．There are ______ people dancing and singing in the park on May Day. A．a great many B．a great many of C．the large number of D．a great deal of 答案：A 解析：a great many 修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)；a great deal of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞；the number of “……的數(shù)量”；a great many of 所修飾的可數(shù)名詞前有 the, these, those 等。 14．He is always too ready to help others, seldom, ______， refusing them when they turn to him. A．if never B．if ever C．if not D．if possible 答案：B 解析：句意為：“……他很少拒絕別人，如果曾經(jīng)有過的話?！? 15．Tom has practised his part over and over again. ______ that he will perform well on the stage. A．No doubt B．No wonder C．No possibility D．No good 答案：A 解析：句意：湯姆已經(jīng)反復練習他的角色多次了。毫無疑問他將會在舞臺上有很好的表現(xiàn)。 Ⅲ .完形填空 “Are you too stupid to do anything right？” These words—said by a woman to a little boy who was obviously her son—were spoken __1__ he had walked away from her. The boy returned, his eyes downcast. Not a __2__ moment, perhaps, __3__ small moments sometimes last a very long time. And a few words—though they mean __4__ at the time to the people who say them—can have great __5__ . I recently heard a story from a man named Malcolm Dalkoff. For the last 24 years he has been a professional __6__. Here is what he told me： As a boy in Rock Island, Dalkoff was terribly __7__ . He had few __8__ and no selfconfidence. One day, his English teacher, Ruth Brach, gave the class an assignment(作業(yè)). The students had been reading To Kill a Mockingbird. Now they were to write their own chapter that would __9__ the last chapter of the novel. Dalkoff wrote his chapter and turned it __10__ . Today he can not recall anything __11__ about the chapter he wrote, or what __12__ Mrs Branch gave him. What he does remember is the four words Mrs. Branch wrote in the margin(空白處) of the paper：“This is __13__ writing.” Four words. They __14__ his life. __15__ I read those words, I had no idea of who I was or __16__ I was going to be，”he said.“After reading her note, I went home and wrote a short story, something I had always been __17__ of doing but never believed I could do.” Over the rest of that year in school, he wrote many short stories and always brought them to school for Mrs Branch to evaluate. She was __18__ , tough and honest. “She was just what I __19__，” Dalkoff said. His confidence __20__. Dalkoff believes that none of this would have happened if that woman had not written those four words in the margin of his paper. 1．A. where B. why C. because D. when 2．A. wonderful B. difficult C. funny D. big 3．A. yet B. although C. for D. therefore 4．A. much B. little C. more D. most 5．A. meaning B. power C. force D. sense 6．A. writer B. player C. poet D. singer 7．A. sorry B. proud C. sick D. shy 8．A. books B. ideas C. friends D. chances 9．A. follow B. match C. decide D. improve 10．A. on B. in C. out D. down 11．A. more B. again C. special D. different 12．A. honors B. remarks C. prizes D. grade 13．A. poor B. serious C. good D. silly 14．A. changed B. damaged C. affected D. improved 15．A. Unless B. Until C. When D. While 16．A. what B. how C. where D. which 17．A. tired B. fond C. proud D. dreaming 18．A. strict B. kind C. encouraging D. praising 19．A. feared B. needed C. expected D. loved 20．A. grew B. lifted C. appeared D. returned 答案及解析： 1. C。媽媽說氣話是“因為”小孩從她身邊走開了。 2. D。從后句中的small moments推出。 3. A。根據(jù)句意表轉折。 4. B。有時候幾句話對說話者沒什么關系或影響，但對聽話者有時候有很大的影響。 5. B。meaning是“意思，含義”，power表“影響力”。 6．A。根據(jù)后文可知道Dalkoff是職業(yè)作家。 7．D。根據(jù)后文小男孩沒有朋友，沒有自信可推斷他“害羞”。 8．C。 9．A。接著小說的最后一章再自己寫一章。 10．B。turn in“上交”。 11．C?，F(xiàn)在他不記得自己所寫的特別之處，也不記得老師所給的分數(shù)。 12．D 13．C。老師贊揚他的文章。 14．A。老師對他的肯定評價改變了他的一生。 15．B。考查not...until...句型。 16．A。直到讀了這幾個字我才知道我是誰，我今后要干什么。 17．D。寫故事是我一直夢想但又從來不相信我能做的事。 18．C。根據(jù)前文知道老師是一個“給人鼓勵”的人。 19．B。Dalkoff從小是個害羞的人，如果沒有這個老師，沒有這個老師的鼓勵肯定，Dalkoff的一生就不會有改變，所以“老師正是他所需要的”。文章沒談到對老師的“愛”，所以排除D。 20．A。grow“增加”。 Ⅳ.短文改錯 Time flies as an arrow. I'm already in the second half 1.____________________ of senior grade 3 before I realized it. It is only a little more 2.___________________ than three months before I graduate middle school.3._____________________ At the present, I'm busy reviewing my lessons in order to 4._______________________ as→like realized→realize graduate后加from 去掉the take the college entrance examination. I hope to go to 5.___________________ Beijing University, that is one of the best universities not 6._________________ only in China but also in the world. I'll try my best to turn 7.___________________ my dream to reality. Most of my classmates are also 8.__________________ examination→examinations that→which √ to→into studying very hard to realize our wishes. I do believe everyone 9._________________ will be able to enter a very good university and college. 10.________________ our→their and→or 111