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111 Grammar 1 Adverbs of frequency and place Grammar 2 Adverbs and adverbial phrases. Teaching Aims: Let the students learn the usage of adverbs. Teaching Important Points: the order of adverbs or adverbial phrases Teaching Difficult Points: make up a new sentence Teaching Method: Get the general idea of the usage of adverbs and practice. Teaching Aids: multimedia Teaching Procedures: Step 1 Some knowledge about adverbs and adverbial phrases. 1． 副詞的分類 副詞按照其詞匯意義一般分為以下5類： 時間副詞，如：now, soon, ago, today, early, finally. once, recently, already 地點副詞，如：here, downstairs ,above, back, upwards, nearby, off, outside 方式副詞：如：carefully, fast, angrily, warmly, suddenly, slowly, really, excitedly 程度副詞：如：almost, seldom, often, usually, sometimes, occasionally 副詞按照其句法功能，一般分為以下4類： 一般副詞包括上述時間、地點、程度、頻度等副詞，主要在句中作狀語，定語、表語、賓語補足語和介詞賓語。 疑問副詞，如：how, when, where. why 放在特殊疑問句句首。 關系副詞，如：when, where, why, whether, 引導定語從句。 連接副詞，如：how, when, where, why, whether, 引導名詞性從句。 2． 頻度副詞通常放在動詞前面，如： I hardly ever heard him singing. 我?guī)缀鯊奈绰犓^歌。 They occasionally saw him walking along the river bank. 他們偶爾看見他在河邊散步。 He seldom went back to his hometown. 他很少回故鄉(xiāng)去。 如果句子里有情態(tài)動詞、助動詞或動詞be, 就放在這類動詞（的第一個）的后面， 例如： You must always keep this in mind. 這一點你要經常記在心里。 Do you often go to the cinema? 你經常去看電影嗎？ He has never been late for the meeting. 他開會從不遲到。 She is seldom ill. 她很少生病。 3． 幾個副詞同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子中，一般的次序是：方式副詞＋地點副詞＋時間副詞（時間副詞也可置于句首）。例如： He was born in Beijing in the year 1980.他1980年生于北京。 They were all working hard in the fields at 10:00 yesterday. 昨天10點的時候他們正在田野里辛勤勞動。 該次序也適用于由其他詞或詞組組成的相應的狀語，即：方式狀語＋地點狀語＋時間狀語。例如： Uncle Tom died suddenly in Paris in 1980. 湯姆叔叔于1980年突然在巴黎去世。 After the war, the hero returned with pride to his hometown. 戰(zhàn)后，那位英雄自豪地返回了家鄉(xiāng)。 4． 程度副詞一般都放在它所修飾的詞的后面，例如： I am terribly sorry for what I said to you. 我對我所說的話感到萬分抱歉。 He doesn’t quite agree with you. 他不完全同意你所說的話。 We have completely finished the project. 我們已全部完成了這項工程。 He almost fell onto the ground. 他差點摔倒在地上。 5． 疑問副詞、連接副詞、關系副詞和一些形容這個句子的副詞，通常都放在句子（或從句）的開頭。例如： How do you like the book you bought yesterday? 昨天買的書你覺得怎么樣？ Obviously the taxi driver is to be blamed for the accident. 顯然，這位出租車司機應該為這起事故受到責備。 Certainly we should try our best to help this child. 我們的確應該盡力幫助這個孩子。 6． 方式副詞通常位于動詞（和賓語）的后面。如： She does everything carefully. 她做什么事都很細心。 In the end he passed the exam successfully.最后，他成功地通過了考試。 He is always treating other people rudely.他待人總是很粗魯。 Step 2 Do with the exercises on page 54. ①Look at the words in bold in these sentences and follow the instructions. A Martial arts films are often enjoyable but they are seldom great art. B …characters leap through the air every now and then… C Films like this rarely reach the big screen. D Wuxia films are popular in China E Ang Lee had never directed a martial arts film before. F It has occasionally been done. G Do you often go to the cinema? 1. Underline the single words that tell us how often something happens. With the verbs to be ,do these words come (a) after is or are? (b) before is or are Do these words (a) before the auxiliary verbs? (b) after the main verbs? Do they come (a) before the main verb? (b) after the main verb? 2. Find a phrase that tells how often something happens Does it come (a) before the main verb? (b) towards the end of the sentence? 3. Find a phrase that tell us where something happens. Does it come (a) before the main verbs? (b) towards the end of the sentence? Suggested Answers: 1) seldom, rarely, never, occasionally, often, (a), (b),(a) 2) every now and then, ( b) 3) in China, (b) ② Divide these phrases that tell us how often something happens words and phrases that tell us how often something happens occasionally (every) now and then in the west (of the country) three times a week seldom from time to time between the houses once a week rarely at the end (of the road) through the air every two days phrases that tell us where something happens Suggested answers: How often: occasionally/every now and then /three times a week/seldom/from time to time/three times a week/ rarely/ every two days. Where: in the west (of the country)/between the houses/at the end (of the road)/through the air Step 3 Do with grammar 2 ①Read the sentences and answer the questions. A. We always watch telly in the morning as we ear our breakfast in the kitchen. B. I watch films all the time at the weekends. C. I saw a brilliant one yesterday. D. Everyone in it acts so brilliantly. 1.Is brilliant an adjective (describing a noun) or an adverb (telling you a verb)? 2. How do you make adverbs from adjectives? Can you make an adverb from the word quick? 3.Can you find words and phrases that answer these questions : When? Where? How? ANSWERS: 1) adjective describing “one”(pronoun for “film”) 2) You frequently add-ly to the end of the adjective, e.g. quickly 3) When?: as we eat our breakfast ; in the morning; all the time; at the weekend; yesterday. Where?: in the kitchen How?: brilliantly ② Work in pair. Look at the sentences below. What is the order of When? Where? How? Adverbs in these sentences? 1.The child plays happily in his bedroom every evening. 2. Mrs Wang cleaned the house carefully yesterday. 3.The students quietly at the bus stop each day. Answers: 1. ow?(happily) where?(in the bedroom)when? (every evening.) 2. how?(cahrefully) when?(yesterday) 3. how? (quietly)where?(at the bus stop)when? (each day) ③ Put the words in the sentences below in the correct order. 1. a I of supermarket at yesterday spent lot money the 2. street walked down man the quickly the 3. well you yesterday played 4. worked today student hard the have 5. her before carefully talk think you to 6. the were loudly yesterday boys corridor the talking in 7. in to drove morning airport they early the Answers: 1) I spent a lot of money at the supermarket yesterday 2) The man walked quickly down the street. 3) You played well yesterday. 4) The students have worked hard today. 5) Think carefully before you talk to her. 6) The boys were talking loudly in the corridor yesterday. 7) They drove to the airport early in the morning. 111