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111 Unit 1 Friendship 單元要點預(yù)覽（旨在讓同學(xué)整體了解本單元要點） 詞匯 部分 詞語 辨析 1. ignore / neglect / overlook 2. cheat / fool 3. calm / quiet / silent / still 4. join / join in / take part in / attend 詞形 變化 1. ignore vt. 忽視 ignorance n. 無知 ignorant adj.無知的 2. dusk n. 黃昏; 傍晚 dusky adj.昏暗的; 黑暗的 3. add v. ?添加; 增加 addition ?n. ?加, 附加 additional adj. ?添加的;附加的 重點 單詞 1. upset adj. 心煩意亂的，不安的；不適的 vt. (upset, upset) 2. concern v. 擔(dān)憂; 涉及; 關(guān)系到 n. 擔(dān)心，關(guān)注；（利害）關(guān)系 3. settle vt. 安家； 定居；停留vt. 使定居，安家；解決 4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷 5. disagree vt. 不同意 重點 詞組 1. add up合計 2. go through 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受 3. on purpose 故意 4. get along with 與某人相處；(工作的) 進(jìn)展 5. in order to為了…… 重點句子 1. Mother asked her if / whether she was very hot with so many clothes on. 2. I don’t set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do … 3. … it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. 重點語法 直接引語和間接引語 （見語法部分） 語言要點(模塊) Ⅰ.詞語辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. ignore / neglect / overlook 【解釋】 ignore 通常指有意不顧，或不理會顯而易見的事物。 neglect 側(cè)重指有意的忽略或忽視，也可指粗心與疏忽。 overlook 指因匆忙而疏忽或視而不見。 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 We could not afford to _________ such a serious offence. 2). He utterly ________ my warnings and met with an accident. 3). Don’t ________ paying him a visit now and then. 答案: 1). overlooked 2). ignored 3). neglect 2. cheat / fool 【解釋】 cheat 主要指盈利的買賣中或游戲競賽中欺騙人，騙取人的錢等。 fool “愚弄”，指利用人缺乏常識，心理脆弱來欺騙人。 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1). You may get _________ in that shop. 2). He can’t __________ her. She sees through him every time. 答案: 1). cheated 2). fool 3. calm / quiet / silent / still 【解釋】 calm 天氣、水、水面（表風(fēng)平浪靜）；（指人時）表示鎮(zhèn)定自如。 quiet 表“寧靜”、“安靜”、“寂靜”，側(cè)重沒有響聲，沒有噪音和沒有動靜。指人時側(cè)重性格溫和，文靜。 silent 表“沉默”、“不發(fā)言”、“不說話”，常常表示人不愛說話，沉默無語。 still “不動的”，指人時側(cè)重一動不動，；指物時指完全沒有聲音，突出靜止不動。 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1). Please stand __________ while I take your photo. 2). Why do you keep __________? 3). Everything was ___________. 4). He remained ___________ in the face of the enemy. 答案: 1). still 2). silent 3). quiet 4). calm 4. join / join in / take part in / attend 【解釋】 join 表示參加組織、黨派、團(tuán)體、軍隊、俱樂部等 join in 表示參加游戲、活動等；join sb. (in sth.) 表（和某人一起）做某事 take part in表示參與、參加討論、游行、比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、斗爭、運動、慶祝等 attend 主要指出席、參加會議、婚禮；聽講座、課、報告、音樂會等；上學(xué)、教堂 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1). Can I ___________ the game? 2). Did you ____________ the fighting? 3). He __________ the army last year. 4). A lot of people __________ her wedding. 答案: 1). join in 2). take part in 3). joined 4）attended Ⅱ.詞性變化 （旨在提供語法填空所需材料） 1. ignore vt. 忽視 ignorance n. 無知 ignorant adj.無知的 2. dusk n. 黃昏; 傍晚 dusky. adj.昏暗的; 黑暗的 3. add v. ?添加; 增加 addition ?n. ?加, 附加 additional adj. ?添加的;附加的 【練習(xí)】用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1) I can't __________ his rudeness any longer. (ignore) 2) To say you were ________ of the rules is no excuse. ( ignore) 3） We are in complete ___________ of your plans. (ignore) 4） There is ____________ light inside the cave. (dusk) 5） The street lights come on at ____________ and go off at dawn. (dusk ) 6） Many words have been ____________ to this edition of the dictionary. (add) 7) They've just had an ____________ to the family. (add) 8) There are _____________ charges. (add) 答案: 1) ignore 2)ignorant 3) ignorance 4) dusky 5) dusk 6) added 7) addition 8) additional Ⅲ.重點詞匯 （旨在提供綜合運用所需材料） 1. upset adj. 心煩意亂的，不安的；不適的 vt. (upset, upset) [典例] 1). Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她一來把我們周末的安排給打亂了。 2). Don't upset yourself -- no harm has been done. 不要難過--并沒有造成傷害。 3). He was horribly upset over her illness. 他為她的病而憂心忡忡。 4). The students really upset her. 學(xué)生們著實讓她煩惱。 [重點用法] be upset by… 被…… 打亂 upset oneself about sth 為某事煩惱 [練習(xí)] 用upset的適當(dāng)形式填空 1). Is it ______ you, dear? 2). She felt rather ______ on hearing the news. 3). Is it an ______ message? 4). Don’t be ______. It will be OK. 答案: 1). upsetting 2). upset 3). upsetting 4).upset 2. concern v. 擔(dān)憂; 涉及; 關(guān)系到 n. 擔(dān)心，關(guān)注；（利害）關(guān)系 [典例] 1). The news concerns your brother. 這消息與你兄弟有關(guān)。 2). The boy's poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康狀況不佳,使他的父母親憂慮。 3). That's no concern of mine. 那不關(guān)我的事。 [重點用法] as / so far as … be concerned 關(guān)于；至于；就……而言 be concerned about 關(guān)心 be concerned at / over sth. 為某事憂慮 be concerned in sth. 牽涉到，與……有關(guān)，參與 [練習(xí)] 用concern的適當(dāng)形式填空 1). There is an article that _______ the rise of the prices. 2). The children are rather _____ about their mother’s health. 3). Officials should ______ themselves _______ public affairs. 答案: 1). concerns 2). concerned 3). concern … with 3. settle vt. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居，安家；解決 [典例] 1). He settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安頓在車廂的一個角落里。 2). The family has settled in Canada. 這家人已定居加拿大。 3). Both wanted to settle their scores. 雙方都愿意捐棄前嫌。 [重點用法] settle down 鎮(zhèn)定下來 settle in 在…定居 [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 都十一點了，她安不下心來工作。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 題目這么難，誰能解決？ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案: 1). It’s eleven o’clock now, but she cannot settle to work. 2). Since it is so difficult, who can settle this problem? 4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷 [典例] 1). Do you suffer from headaches? 你常頭痛嗎? 2). She's suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遺忘癥。 [重點用法] suffer from/with/for sth 感到疼痛﹑ 不適﹑ 悲傷等; 受苦; 吃苦頭: [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1).我們在金融危機中損失慘重。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2).他的腳痛得不得了。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案: 1). We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis. 2). He suffers terribly with his feet. 5. disagree vt. 不同意 [典例] 1). Even friends sometimes disagree with each other. 即便是朋友也有時意見不一。 2). We disagreed on future plans. 我們對未來的計劃產(chǎn)生了分歧。 [重點用法] disagree with sb/what sb says/sb's decision 不同意某人的觀點[某人的話/某人的決定] [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 羅馬的報道與米蘭的不符。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 他不同意讓我早些回家。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Key: 1). The reports from Rome disagree with those from Milan. 2). He disagreed to let me go home early. Ⅳ.重點詞組 （旨在提供綜合運用所需材料） 1. add up 加起來 [典例] 1). Add up your scores and see how many points you can get. 把你的得分加起來，看看你能得幾分。 2). Tom, what do ten, twenty and five add up to? 湯姆，10，20和5加起來是多少？ [短語歸納] add (…) to …. （把什么）加入…中 add up to … 加起來是 [練習(xí)] 用add的適當(dāng)形式或構(gòu)成的詞組填空 1). Will you _____ some more students to this project? 2). Small numbers _____ a large one. 3). 50 _______ 50 equals 100. 答案: 1). add 2). add up to 3). added 2. go through 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受 [典例] 1). The country has gone through too many wars. 這個國家經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭。 2). She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近經(jīng)歷了一段困難時期。 [短語歸納] go after追求，追趕 go ahead前進(jìn)；請說（做）吧 go by走過，（時間）過去 go along with向前，（與……）一起去 go in for愛好，從事 go out外出；（燈，火）熄滅 go over越過；復(fù)習(xí) go up爬上，（價格等）上升 [練習(xí)] 用go 構(gòu)成的詞組填空 1). It is wise not to ____ with this plan. 2). Prices ______ a little now. People are happy. 3). Anyway, don’t always_______ at night by yourself. 4). I am tired. I want to _____ now. 答案: 1). go on with 2). go up 3). go home 4). go to bed 3.on purpose 故意，有目的地 [典例] The boy broke Jack’s window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack. 那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想嚇一下杰克。 [短語歸納] do sth. on purpose: 故意做某事 on purpose 表示故意地、有企圖、有目的地 [練習(xí)]用 purpose的相關(guān)詞匯填空 1). He didn’t do it ______. 2). What was your ____ ? 答案: 1). on purpose 2). purpose 4. get along with 與某人相處；(工作的) 進(jìn)展 [典例] 1). He is not easy-going. It’s very hard to get along with him 他不是個隨和的人，很難相處。 2). How are you getting along with your work? 工作進(jìn)展如何？ [短語歸納] get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 與……相處得好/不好，……進(jìn)展順利/不順利 get away離開，逃離 get down下來；寫下，取下 get down to (doing)開始認(rèn)真干…… get over克服，擺脫 get through通過，做完 get together聚集 [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 你現(xiàn)在和同事相處得好不好? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 她已重新獲得從前那份工作。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案: 1). Are you getting along well with your colleagues? 2). She's got her old job back. 6. in order to… 為了……（可置于句首或句中） [典例] 1). She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早, 圖的是得個好座位。 2). I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her. 我同意她的建議是為了不讓她傷心。 [短語歸納] in order that… 以便……（后跟句子） so that…以便……（后跟句子） so as to為了……（只能置于句中，不能置于句首） [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1． 他早早動身好按時到達(dá)。 2． 她拼命干以便能到6點時把一切都準(zhǔn)備好。 答案: 1．He left early in order to/so as to/in order that/so that he should/would/might arrive on time. 2. In order to get everything ready by 6 o'clock, she worked hard. Ⅴ.重點句子 （旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料） 1. Mom asked her if (whether) she was very hot with so many clothes on. 媽媽問她穿那么多衣服是不是很熱。 [解釋] with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)： with + 賓語+ v. –ing / v. –ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases 由“介詞with+賓語+賓語補足語” 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中通常作為狀語，表示背景情況，為方式，原因或條件等，另外，該結(jié)構(gòu)也可以作為定語使用。下面簡述幾種情況： 1) 如果在該結(jié)構(gòu)中的分詞表示的動作是由前面的名詞或代詞發(fā)出的，構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，該分詞用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。 2) 如果分詞表示的動作與前面的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，該分詞用過去分詞形式。 3) 賓語補足語也可以使用介詞短語，形容詞或副詞來充當(dāng)。 [典例] 1.with + 賓語 + 副詞，如： The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on (= while all the lights are on). With his parents away (= As his parents are away), Tom becomes more naughty. 2.with + 賓語 + 介詞短語，如： The teacher came in with a book in his hand (= while a book was in his hand). The girl looked up with tears in her eyes (= while tears were in her eyes). 3.with + 賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞，如： With summer corning (= As summer is corning), the weather is becoming hotter and hotter. With the teacher standing beside (= As the teacher was standing beside)，she felt a bit uneasy. 4.with + 賓語 + 過去分詞，如： With the work done (= As the work had been done), she felt greatly relieved. With his hair cut (= As his hair has been cut), he looks much younger. 5.with + 賓語 + 不定式，如： With her to go with us (= As she will go with us), we're sure to have a pleasant journey. With Mr Smith to teach them English next term（= As Mr Smith will teach them English) , they will be greatly improved in spoken English. [練習(xí)] 中譯英： 1. 那房子昨晚發(fā)生火災(zāi)，結(jié)果里面的東西都燒光了。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 下學(xué)期史密斯先生教他們英語，他們的口語會大有提高。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 隨著冬天的到來，天氣越來越冷。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：1. The house caught a big fire last night , with nothing left in it. 2. With Mr Smith to teach them English next term , they will be greatly improved in spoken English. 3. With winter corning, the weather is becoming colder and colder. 2. I don’t set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do … 我不愿意像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水帳…… [解釋] as引導(dǎo)的從句為比較狀語從句，意為“像大多數(shù)人那么做”。 as 用作連詞，可引導(dǎo)下列狀語從句： 1). 引導(dǎo)狀語從句，強調(diào)主句謂語動詞與從句謂語的同時性 As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening. 隨著他年紀(jì)越來越大，他失去了對所有事物的興趣，除了園藝。 2). 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管，雖然，即使”（從句需倒裝） Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt. 盡管天氣冷，我哥只穿了一件襯衫。 3). 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示“以……方式”。 Why didn’t you take the medicine as I told you to? 為什么你沒有按我說的服這藥？ 4). 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句 (=since; because)，“由于，因為”。 As you were not there, I left a message. 因為當(dāng)時你不在那，所以我給你留了便條。 5) 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。 She is as tall as you. 她和你一樣高。 [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1. 隨著年齡的增長我越來越對科學(xué)感興趣。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 由于雨下得很大，你最好穿上雨衣。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但考試還是沒及格。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案： 1. As l get older l get more interested in science． 2. As it is raining hard，you'd better put on your raincoat． 3. Hard as he worked，he failed in the exam． 3. It is/was the…time that… ……第幾次…… [解釋] that從句中的謂語動詞一般用完成時態(tài)。 1). It is the first time that he has heard this song. [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1. 這是他第二次來中國。 2．這是我第一次舉辦畫展。 —————————————————————————————————————————————— 答案： 1. It is the second time that he has come to China. 2. It was the first time that I had held an art exhibition. 111