《高中英語(yǔ) Unit 3（I） 冀教版必修1知識(shí)精講》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高中英語(yǔ) Unit 3（I） 冀教版必修1知識(shí)精講（23頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

111 111 高一英語(yǔ) Unit 3 （I）冀教版 【本講教育信息】 一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容： Unit 3 （I） 1. role n. ①(現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中)身份，作用， 任務(wù)，職責(zé) 例句 What is her role in the management? 在管理中她的身份是什么？ The president plays an important role in the university. 校長(zhǎng)在大學(xué)里起著重要的作用。 What is the school role? 學(xué)校的職能是什么？ ②(演員扮演的)角色 例句 The old actor played the leading role in the play. 那位老演員在這個(gè)劇里擔(dān)任主角。 有用的短語(yǔ)： ①fill the role of 擔(dān)負(fù)……的任務(wù) 例句 In the journey the local filled the role of guide. 在旅行中這個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)厝藫?dān)任向?qū)У娜蝿?wù)。 ②play an important role in 在……中起重要作用 例句 Teaching method plays an important role in education. 教學(xué)法在教育中起著重要的作用。 ③play the leading role 起主要作用, 起帶頭作用 例句 He always plays the leading role in every aspect. 他在各個(gè)方面總是起到帶頭作用。 ④play the role of(sb.) （在劇中）扮演（某人）角色 例句 In the film he plays the role of Chairman Mao. 在電影中他扮演毛主席。 2. respect （1 ） n ①（與 of, for 連用）尊敬；尊重 例句 We should show respect to those who are older. 我們應(yīng)該尊敬長(zhǎng)者。 The students have great respect for their history teacher. 學(xué)生們非常尊敬他們的歷史老師。 They should do that without respect to race. 他們做那件事時(shí)不該有種族歧視。 ②關(guān)心；注意 例句 The cruel mother pays no respect to her child. 這位殘酷的母親對(duì)孩子漠不關(guān)心。 ③(pl) 敬意；問(wèn)候 例句 Give my respects to your wife. 請(qǐng)代我向你太太問(wèn)好。 （2 ） vt 尊敬；尊重 例句 I'll respect your wishes. 我尊重你的愿望。 Usually people don't respect those who are too compliant. 一般來(lái)說(shuō)人們看不起那種唯命是從,唯唯諾諾的人。 111 111 Respect yourself, or no one else will. [諺]人必自敬, 然后人敬之。 有用的短語(yǔ)： ①in respect of 關(guān)于；就…… 來(lái)說(shuō) 例句 In respect of terrorism, the US should be responsible for that. 對(duì)于恐怖主義，美國(guó)是有責(zé)任的。 ②without respect to 不管；不考慮 ③with respect to 談到，關(guān)于 例句 With respect to the recent flood, he became upset. 談到最近的洪水，他很不安。 ④give（send）one's respects to 向……致敬 例句 Please send my respects to your family. 請(qǐng)代我向你家人問(wèn)好。 ⑤have respect for 尊敬[重]，重視 例句 We should have respect to the old. 我們應(yīng)該尊重老者。 ⑥out of respect for sb. 出于對(duì)某人的尊敬 例句 We held a party out of respect for the famous scientist. 我們舉行了一個(gè)晚會(huì)來(lái)向那位著名的科學(xué)家表示尊敬。 詞匯拓展： （1 ） respectful adj.恭敬的, 尊敬的, 尊重人的, 有禮貌的 例句 We should learn to be respectful to the others. 我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)尊重他人。 （2 ） respectable adj. 可敬的，有名望的，高尚的，值得尊敬的 例句 He is a respectable teacher. 他是一位可敬的老師。 He is too respectable for my taste. 那個(gè)人太高雅了，我不喜歡。 （3 ） respectability n. 可尊敬之人或物，可敬；可尊重；有名望 例句 As a teacher, he has much respectability. 作為老師，他很有名望。 （4 ） respectfully adv.尊敬地，謙恭地 例句 Yours respectfully(=respectfully yours) 謹(jǐn)上，敬禮（用于致長(zhǎng)者書信的結(jié)尾，作客套語(yǔ)） 3. edge （1 ） n ①刀口，刃 例句 That knife has a sharp edge. 那把刀的刃口鋒利。 The knife has no edge.這刀子很鈍。 ②邊，棱 例句 The edge of the plate was blue. 這盤子的邊是藍(lán)色的。 The breaking waves had edges of foam.波浪邊上帶著泡沫。 ③邊緣 例句 He stood on the edge of the cliff. 他站在絕壁的邊沿。 （2 ） vt, vi ①開刃；鑲邊 例句 She edged the quilt with fanciful embroidery. 她把棉被邊緣鑲上奇特的鑲邊。 ②沿邊慢慢移動(dòng) 111 111 例句 Edge your chair a little. 把你的椅子稍微挪動(dòng)一下。 Children edged themselves / their way to the front of the crowd to see the actors and actresses more clearly. 孩子們側(cè)身擠到人群的前面想更清楚地看看演員們。 有用的短語(yǔ)： ①have the edge on 比……強(qiáng) 例句 He had on the edge on the others at chess. 他在棋藝方面比他人強(qiáng)。 ②on edge 緊張不安 例句 Before the interview, she kept on edge. 在面試之前她一直緊張不安。 ③et sb.'s teeth on edge 使生氣 例句 The naughty boy often sets his father’s teeth on edge. 那淘氣的男孩經(jīng)常使他的父親生氣。 ④on the edge of 在邊緣上；快要，眼看 例句 The two countries are now on the edge of war. 這兩個(gè)國(guó)家的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)一觸即發(fā)。 The company was once on the edge of bankruptcy owing to the bad management. 這個(gè)公司由于經(jīng)營(yíng)不善一度處于破產(chǎn)的邊緣。 ⑤edge with 用……加上邊 例句 He edged the garden path with plant. 他在花園小路兩邊種植花木。 ⑥edge sb. on 慫恿[煽動(dòng)]某人 例句 The bad fellow often edged children on stealing. 那個(gè)壞家伙經(jīng)常慫恿孩子偷竊。 4. fix （1 ） vt, vi ①使固定；釘牢 例句 He fixed a picture to the wall. 他往墻上貼了張畫。 Fix bayonets! 上刺刀! ②確定；決定 例句 The hours and the places of the meetings will be fixed at the chairman's discretion. 開會(huì)的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)將由主席決定。 ③準(zhǔn)備；安排 例句 Let me fix you a drink!讓我給你倒杯飲料。 We must fix Uncle Fox up with a room in the hotel. 我們必須為?？怂勾笫逶诼灭^里安排一個(gè)房間。 If you want to meet the director, I can fix it. 如果你想會(huì)見董事,我可以安排。 ④修理 例句 I asked the boy to fix the bicycle. 我請(qǐng)這個(gè)小伙子修自行車。 ⑤拉攏，收買，賄賂；報(bào)復(fù)；處罰 例句 Can they fix the judge? 他們能買通法官嗎？ I'll fix George. 我來(lái)對(duì)付喬治。 I'll fix him for calling me a swindler! 他罵我是個(gè)騙子,我要和他算帳 ! ⑥使（顏色）不變；〈攝〉定影 例句 The photo needs a certain period to fix. 照片需要一定的時(shí)間定影。 （2 ） n 111 111 ①解決，修復(fù)用于修理或修復(fù)的東西； 例句 There is no easy fix for an intractable problem. 沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)單的辦法解決難題。 ②定位；方位 例句 A briefing that gave us a fix on the current situation. 簡(jiǎn)報(bào)讓我們對(duì)目前形勢(shì)有一個(gè)明確的看法。 有用的短語(yǔ)： （1 ） fix on ①?zèng)Q定 例句 We've fixed on the 14th of April for the wedding. 我們決定 4 月 14 日結(jié)婚。 We've fixed on starting tomorrow. 我們已決定明天動(dòng)身。 ②專注；凝視 例句 Thousands of eyes are fixed on the Tian An Men rostrum. 千萬(wàn)雙眼睛仰望著天安門城樓。 （2 ） fix up 安排 例句 We can fix you up for the night. 我們可以給你安排今晚的住處。 （3 ） be in a (pretty) fix 束手無(wú)策, 進(jìn)退兩難 例句 The lazy students are often in a pretty fix in study. 那個(gè)懶惰的學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中經(jīng)常陷入進(jìn)退兩難的境地。 （4 ） get oneself into a bad fix 陷入困境 例句 In the dark he lost his way, that is, he got himself into a bad fix. 黑暗中他迷了路，那也就是陷入了困境之中。 5. besides （1）prep 除……以外 例句 Besides milk and cheese, we need vegetables. 除了牛奶和干酪外，我們還需要蔬菜。 （2）adv 此外；而且 例句 I don't want to come out now, and besides, I must work. 我現(xiàn)在不想出去，而且我還得工作。 He gave me a book, a pen and some money besides. 他給我一本書，一支鋼筆，此外還給一些錢。 詞匯拓展： beside （1 ） prep. 在……旁邊；在…… 附近；與……相比；離開；在……之外；與……無(wú)關(guān) 例句 Beside yours our achievement counts for little. 與你們的成就比較起來(lái)，我們的算不了什么。 His argument is beside the subject. 他的議論離開主題了。 He has no money beside this. 他除此之外沒(méi)有錢了。 （2 ） adv. 在旁邊 例句 The ladies rode in the carriage and we ran along beside. 女士們乘坐馬車，我們則跟在車旁跑。 有用的短語(yǔ)： beside oneself 不知所措；精神錯(cuò)亂，為某事而忘形 例句 At the unexpected news he stood there beside himself. 111 111 聽到這個(gè)意外的消息，他站在那里不知所措。 6. suitable adj. 適合的，適當(dāng)?shù)?；相配的（to，for ） 例句 These are books suitable for children. 適合兒童閱讀的書籍。 This wine is not suitable to my taste. 這酒不合我的胃口。 詞匯拓展： suitability n. 適合性，適應(yīng)性，適合，相配 例句 The Chinese medicine needs suitability in treatment. 中藥在治療中講究適應(yīng)性。 7. relax vt, vi ①放松；緩和，減輕 例句 Don't worry about it, just try to relax. 不要為這事?lián)?，放松些?②松弛 例句 His muscles relaxed. 他的肌肉松弛下來(lái)了。 ③松懈；減少 例句 Don't relax your efforts. 你不要松懈下來(lái)。 詞匯拓展： relaxant adj.弛緩的 n.弛緩藥 relaxation n.松弛，放寬，緩和，減輕，娛樂(lè) 例句 He often played golf for relaxation. 他經(jīng)常打高爾夫球作為消遣。 8. concern （1 ） vt ①關(guān)于；對(duì)……有關(guān)系 例句 Attend to what concerns you. 注意與你有關(guān)的事物。 ②影響；關(guān)系 例句 This concerns us deeply. 這事對(duì)我們關(guān)系極大。 This concerns the healthy growth of the children deeply. 這事對(duì)孩子們的健康成長(zhǎng)關(guān)系極大。 ③擔(dān)心；擔(dān)憂；掛念 例句 We're rather concerned about father's health. 我們相當(dāng)擔(dān)心父親的健康。 ④（常與 with, about, in 連用）關(guān)心；關(guān)照 例句 She would like to concern oneself with public work. 她樂(lè)意關(guān)心公眾事務(wù)。 We're rather concerned about father's health. 我們相當(dāng)擔(dān)心父親的健康。 （2 ） n ①有利害關(guān)系；所關(guān)切的事 例句 It's no concern of mine. 這事與我無(wú)關(guān)。 The managing director's only concern was how to improve the quality of their products. 總經(jīng)理心里想的全是如何提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。 ②關(guān)心；關(guān)懷；關(guān)照 例句 There is no nurse's concern for a sick man in that area. 在那個(gè)地方護(hù)士對(duì)病人沒(méi)有關(guān)心。 111 111 ③擔(dān)心；擔(dān)憂 例句 She showed great concern about you. 她很為你擔(dān)心。 ④公司；商行 例句 Our concern only makes shoes for children. 本公司專做童鞋。 有用的短語(yǔ)： ①be concerned about 關(guān)心 例句 I am very concerned about her. 我非常掛念她。 ②be concerned over/at sth. 為某事憂慮 例句 He is always concerned over his son’s future. 他總是為他兒子的前程擔(dān)憂。 ③be concerned in sth.和某事有牽連 例句 The driver was concerned in the accident so he kept silent all the time. 司機(jī)和這次車禍有瓜葛，所以他一直保持沉默。 ④be concerned with 牽涉到， 與……有關(guān)， 參與 例句 What he said at the meeting was concerned with what he had been against. 他在會(huì)上的發(fā)言與他一致反對(duì)的東西有關(guān)。 ⑤feel concern about 憂慮，掛念 例句 Don’t feel concerned about the result. Just try! 只管努力，不要擔(dān)心結(jié)果。 ⑥have no concern with 和…… 毫無(wú)關(guān)系 例句 After he left the company, he had no concern with it in any case. 他離開了公司以后，就與其沒(méi)有任何聯(lián)系了。 9. suppose （1 ） vt ①（常與 that 連用）認(rèn)定；猜想 例句 What do you suppose you will do after school? 你放學(xué)后想什么？ Suppose a company has a new breakfast cereal that it wants to sell. 假設(shè)有個(gè)公司想出售一種新的早餐麥片粥。 ②應(yīng)該；準(zhǔn)；允許 例句 We are not supposed to play football on Sundays. 不準(zhǔn)我們?cè)谛瞧谌仗咦闱颉?（2 ） n. 想象; 推測(cè) 例句 the wildest suppose 最荒唐的想象 有用的短語(yǔ)： ①be supposed to (do) 被期望或要求；應(yīng)該（用于否定句中）不被許可 例句 You're supposed to be my friend. 我把你看成是我的朋友。 We are not supposed to smoke here. 我們?cè)谶@兒不能抽煙。 ②let it be supposed that 假定 例句 Let's suppose (that) the news is true. 讓我們假定這消息是真的。 ③suppose that/ supposing that 假定 例句 Suppose we win the lottery. 假定我們贏了彩票。 Suppose we dine together. 讓我們一塊兒吃飯吧。 詞匯拓展： ①supposedly adv. 想象上，按照推測(cè) 例句 He was supposedly an American. 人們猜想他是個(gè)美國(guó)人。 ②supposition n. 假定，想象，推測(cè)，推想 111 111 例句 We mustn't condemn him on mere suppositions. 我們不可全憑臆測(cè)來(lái)指責(zé)他。 10. scream （1 ） n ①尖叫聲；嚎叫聲，吼叫聲 例句 The girl’s scream in the lift sounded weak in the hall. 那女孩在電梯的尖叫聲在大廳里聽起來(lái)很微弱。 ②滑稽可笑的人；可笑的事物；令人捧腹的笑話 例句 He was a perfect scream. 他是極其可笑的。 （2 ） vt ①尖叫；嚎叫 例句 She screamed with fear. 她害怕地尖叫起來(lái)。 ②厲聲說(shuō)；放聲大笑；高聲喊道 例句 Stop screaming, we can hear you. 別高聲大叫，我們可以聽到你的話。 11. wave （1 ） vi, vt ①飄揚(yáng)；搖擺 ；（常與 to 連用）招手，揮手（致意） 例句 He waved desperately to his companion. 他絕望地向他的伙伴揮了揮手。 She waved her hand to say good-bye. 她揮手告別。 ②卷（頭發(fā)） 例句 Her hair waves naturally. 她的頭發(fā)卷得很自然。 （2 ） n ①波浪 例句 It is difficult to sail against the wave. 逆水行舟不容易。 ②（手的）揮動(dòng) 例句 She gave a wave as she left the house. 她離開家時(shí)揮了揮手。 ③（頭發(fā)的）波浪形；（情緒）波動(dòng)，高潮 例句 The Europeans usually have wave hair.歐洲人一般都頭發(fā)彎曲。 ④波 例句 The student knew nothing about radio waves.那個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)無(wú)線電波一無(wú)所知。 有用的短語(yǔ)： ①brain wave 突如其來(lái)的靈感; 巧妙的主意 例句 The famous writer often had brain waves in thought. 那位著名的作家在思考中常有靈感的火花迸出。 ②make waves 興風(fēng)作浪; 制造糾紛 例句 The criminal often made waves in the street. 犯罪分子常常在街上制造糾紛。 ③wave aside 對(duì) ……置之不理 例句 The boss seldom waves the demands of the employees aside. 老板很少對(duì)雇員的要求置之不理。 ④wave away [off]揮手告別；揮手使……離去；謝絕，拒絕 例句 When the clerk entered the office, the boss waved him away. 職員進(jìn)入辦公室的時(shí)候，老板揮手示意讓他離開。 111 111 12. insist vi, vt ①（常與 on, that 連用）主張；堅(jiān)持 例句 He insisted on the importance of being punctual to the students. 他向?qū)W生們強(qiáng)調(diào)遵守時(shí)間的重要。 We insist on / upon self-reliance. 我們堅(jiān)持自力更生。 ②堅(jiān)持要求 例句 I insist on your being there. 我堅(jiān)持要你在那里。 We all insist that we not rest until we finish the work. 大家都堅(jiān)決要求不完工就不休息。 有用的短語(yǔ)： insist on v.堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決要求 The boy insisted on being served with a cake. 那孩子堅(jiān)決要求吃蛋糕。 詞匯拓展： ①insistence n.堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決主張 例句 Because of his insistence, we had to return to the old temple together. 由于他的極力主張，我們又一起回到了那座古廟。 ②insistent adj.堅(jiān)持不懈的 例句 I went to her birthday party at her insistent request. 在她的一再要求之下我參加了她的生日晚會(huì)。 13. fairly adv. ①公正地 例句 He told the facts fairly. 他實(shí)事求是地?cái)⑹鲞@些事實(shí)。 ②相當(dāng)；尚可 例句 She paints fairly well. 她畫得相當(dāng)好。 The speaker seems to be fairly apprised of the situation in the Far East. 報(bào)告人似乎對(duì)中東局勢(shì)相當(dāng)熟悉。 She speaks Spanish fairly well.她的西班牙語(yǔ)說(shuō)得相當(dāng)好。 ③完全地；全然地 例句 He was fairly beside himself with joy. 他欣喜若狂。 詞匯拓展： fair （1 ） adj.美麗的，女性的， （膚色）白皙的， （頭發(fā)）金黃的，干凈的，公平的， （天氣） 晴朗的 例句 I have made you a fair copy of the report. 我已為你準(zhǔn)備好一份謄清的報(bào)告。 English people usually have fair skin. 英國(guó)人通常是白皮膚。 （2 ） adv.公平地, 公正地, 直接地, 清楚地 例句 There must be fair play whatever the competition is. 不管是什么樣的競(jìng)賽都必須公平合理。 （3 ） n.美好的事物, 美人, 展覽會(huì), 市集 如 a book fair 書展 a world's fair 世界博覽會(huì) （4 ） vi.轉(zhuǎn)晴 111 111 14. demand （1 ） n ①要求；請(qǐng)求 例句 Ives listened to the workers' demand for more money. 艾夫斯聽著工人們要爭(zhēng)取更多錢的要求。 ②需求；需要 例句 It is impossible to satisfy all demands. 有求必應(yīng)是不可能的。 Teachers are in demand in this area. 在這個(gè)地區(qū)很需要教師。 （2 ） vt ①要求 demand an apology from sb. 要求某人道歉 I demand that John (should) go there at once.我要約翰馬上去那兒。 ②急需；迫切需要 This work demands your attention. 這工作急需你去做。 The house demands repairing(to be repaired). 這房子需要修。 有用的短語(yǔ)： in (great) demand 需要量很大；許多人都需要 例句 Such books are in great demand. 這種書需要量很大。 15. right （1）adj ①公正的；正直的 例句 We should do the right things by the law. 我們要按法律做正義的事情。 ②正確的；真正的 例句 He gave us the right answer .他做出了正確的回答。 She was right! It was upside-down! 她說(shuō)得對(duì)!是掛倒了! ③右邊的；右方的 例句 That was a right turn at the corner. 在拐角處那是個(gè)右轉(zhuǎn)彎。 （2 ） adv ①直接地 例句 Look me right in the eye. 正視著我。 ②靠右地；向右地 例句 Turn right at the corner. 在拐角處向右轉(zhuǎn)。 ③一直地；照直地 如 go right back to the beginning 一直回到開頭的地方 I read right to the end of the book. 我一口氣把這本書看完了。 （3 ） n ①正義；公正 ②權(quán)利 例句 We must work for equal rights for everyone. 我們必須為每個(gè)人爭(zhēng)取同等的權(quán)利。 ③右邊；右方 例句 Keep to the right! 靠右！ 111 111 The school is on the left of the road, and his house is on the right. 學(xué)校在馬路的左邊，他家在（馬路的）右邊。 （4 ） vt 扶正，糾正，使處于正常位置 例句 The cat righted itself during the fall, and landed on its feet. 貓掉下時(shí)擺正身子，然后四爪著地。 有用的短語(yǔ)： ①by rights 按理；照理說(shuō) 例句 He made a wonderful speech at the conference by rights. 照理說(shuō)他在研討會(huì)上作了一個(gè)很好的發(fā)言。 ②put to rights 修正；整頓 例句 This medicine will soon put you to rights. 這藥很快就能使你復(fù)原。 16. provide vt, vi ①供應(yīng)；供給 例句 They provide us with food. 他們供給我們食物。 We provided food for the hungry children. 我們?yōu)轲囸I的孩子們提供食物。 ②預(yù)約；規(guī)定 例句 It is provided in the contract that the work should be accomplished within a year. 契約上規(guī)定這項(xiàng)工作必須在一年內(nèi)完成。 The law provides that the government must preserve valuable ancient buildings. 法律規(guī)定珍貴的古代建筑物必須由政府加以保護(hù)。 ③（常與 for, against 連用）預(yù)防，防范 例句 It's wise to save some money and provide for the future. 積蓄點(diǎn)錢,為將來(lái)使用作些準(zhǔn)備是明智的。 17. publish vt. ①出版；發(fā)行 例句 This company publishes children's books. 這個(gè)公司出版兒童書籍。 ②公開；發(fā)表 例句 News of the general's sudden death was not published for several days. 那個(gè)將軍突然死亡的消息有好幾天沒(méi)有公布。 詞匯拓展： publishable adj.可發(fā)表的 例句 He has wrote a lot of articles but there are no publishable ones. 他寫了好多文章，可是沒(méi)有可以發(fā)表的。 publisher n.出版者，發(fā)行人 publishing company 出版社 18. replace vt. ①放回原處 例句 When you have finished using the axe, please replace it. 當(dāng)你用完斧子時(shí)，請(qǐng)放回原處。 ②取代；代替 111 111 例句 George replaced Edward as captain. 喬治接任愛德華當(dāng)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。 ③代替，取代(by, with)；接替，替換 例句 We have replaced coal by [with] gas 我們已用煤氣代替煤作燃料。 19. force （1 ） n ①力，力量 例句 You must use force to open that bottle. 你必須用力打開那個(gè)瓶子。 There is force in what he said. 他的話有說(shuō)服力。 ②暴力 例句 The thief took the money from the old man by force. 小偷用暴力奪走了老人的錢。 ③〈物〉力 例句 The force of gravity makes things fall to earth. 地心引力使物體落向地面。 ④武裝力量 例句 The air force is one of the armed forces. 空軍是武裝部隊(duì)的一種。 （2 ） vt ①?gòu)?qiáng)制；迫使 例句 It's not proper to force your idea upon others.把自己的想法強(qiáng)加于人是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?②勉強(qiáng)做出 例句 He forced a laughter at the bad news. 聽到這個(gè)壞消息他強(qiáng)顏歡笑。 有用的短語(yǔ)： ①be forced into 被迫 例句 The enemy was forced into grounding their arms. 敵人被迫放下武器。 ②by force 用暴力; 強(qiáng)迫地 例句 The police made the thief bring out the treasure by force. 警察迫使小偷拿出了珠寶。 ③with force and arms 用武力 例句 The Japanese soldiers were driven out with force and arms. 那些日本士兵被用武力驅(qū)趕出去了。 ④come into force 生效, 實(shí)行 例句 The new program has come into force. 新的程序已經(jīng)生效。 20. immediately （1 ） adv. 立即；即刻 例句 She came immediately. 她立刻就來(lái)了。 （2 ） conj. 馬上；直接地 (=as soon as)一……就…… 例句 They phoned immediately they reached home. 他們到家后馬上打了電話。 21. appoint vt. ①任命；委派 例句 We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school. 我們必須立即委派一名新教師到那山村小學(xué)去。 He was appointed mayor of the city.他被任命為市長(zhǎng)。 111 111 ②（常與 for 連用）指定；約定 例句 The manager appointed a time for a meeting. 經(jīng)理指定了開會(huì)的時(shí)間。 They appointed a place to exchange stamps. 他們約定一個(gè)地方交換郵票。 詞匯拓展： appointment n ①約定（會(huì)面時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)） 例句 I made an appointment to see the doctor. 我約定好時(shí)間去看醫(yī)生。 ②職位 例句 He got the appointment of a chairman in the committee. 他在委員會(huì)中獲得了主席職位。 The businessman often fixes an appointment with managers. 商人經(jīng)常與經(jīng)理約會(huì)。 22. judge （1 ） n ①法官；審判員 例句 In the court, he works as a judge. 他在法院當(dāng)法官。 ②鑒定人；鑒賞家 例句 I'm no judge of music. 我對(duì)音樂(lè)是外行。 She's a good judge of wine.她是鑒別酒的專家。 ③〈體〉裁判 例句 In the match the judge was not just.在比賽中裁判不公正。 （2 ） vt, vi ①審判；審理 例句 Who will judge the next case? 誰(shuí)將審理下個(gè)案子? ②裁決；裁判 例句 Who's judging the races? 誰(shuí)是比賽的裁判？ ③評(píng)論；評(píng)判；判斷 例句 Can you judge which shoes are best? 你能鑒定哪雙鞋子最好嗎? Don't judge by appearances. 人不可以貌相取人。 ［短語(yǔ)講解］ 1. hang out ①曬晾，掛出去 She hung out the washing in the yard.她在院子里晾出了洗的衣服。 ②居?。煌Ａ?He hangs out in an old house. 他住在一所舊房子里。 ③堅(jiān)持，維持 The fine weather will hold out for at least 3 days. 這個(gè)好天氣至少還要持續(xù)三天。 短語(yǔ)拓展： hang vt, vi ①懸掛，吊 I hung my coat (up) on a hook. 我把外套掛在掛鉤上。 ②懸掛著 111 111 The decision is still hanging.尚未作出決定。 短語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展： ①hang about 閑待著，終日無(wú)所事事 ；閑蕩；緩緩行走 He hung about outside my house. 他在我家房子外面轉(zhuǎn)悠。 ②hang back 畏縮不前，退縮 We hung back in fear.我們都嚇得畏縮不前。 ③hang on 緊握著 Hang on to the strap. The bus is starting. 抓住皮帶，汽車要開動(dòng)了。 ④hang up 掛，懸；掛斷電話 Hang your coat up. 把你的上衣掛起來(lái)。 2. pick off ①掐下, 摘下(花朵、水果等) She picked off an apple in the garden freely. 她隨手在花園里摘了個(gè)蘋果。 ②逐個(gè)地瞄準(zhǔn)打死 The criminals were picked off one by one. 罪犯?jìng)儽灰粋€(gè)個(gè)打死。 短語(yǔ)拓展： ①pick on 選擇 Why pick on me? 為什么偏偏挑中我？ ②pick up 撿起；改良；進(jìn)步；增加；加速；獲得；收聽 My radio can pick up France. 我的收音機(jī)可收聽法國(guó)廣播。 ③pick out 摘出，剔出；挖出；啄出；挑出，揀 ④pick up with 認(rèn)識(shí)，結(jié)識(shí) ⑤pick one’s way 小心往前走 3. stop … from 阻止 （= prevent… from; keep… from 〈from 不可省略〉 ） We should do something to stop our earth from pollution. 我們應(yīng)該采取措施阻止我們的地球受到污染。 The government did nothing to stop the factories giving off poisonous smoke. 政府沒(méi)有采取措施來(lái)制止工廠排放有毒氣體。 短語(yǔ)拓展： stop at nothing 什么也做得出；不擇手段；肆無(wú)忌憚；勇往直前 stop away (from)未來(lái)參加 stop behind 留下(暫時(shí)不走) stop by [美] 順便到(某處)訪問(wèn) stop clod [美口 ]使呆住 stop down 等候；留在某人家里吃、喝 stop in 順便訪問(wèn)某人；呆在家里，不出門；關(guān)( 在)學(xué)校不準(zhǔn)回家 stop off 中途停留；中途下一下車；用砂填塞； [英口]進(jìn)監(jiān)牢 stop out[美]遮避( 風(fēng)，日光等) ；呆在屋外，外宿；繼續(xù)罷工；中途退學(xué) 4. in general ①一般地；大體上；通常 (= generally) I like games in general, and especially football. 各種運(yùn)動(dòng)我一般都喜歡，尤其是足球。 111 111 I am glad to find myself in general accord with your opinions. 我很高興地發(fā)現(xiàn)我的意見與你的看法基本一致。 ②(= as a general rule) 大都；多半；一般而言 People in general like her. 大家一般都喜歡她。 5. make sense 有意義；意思清楚；有道理 What he said at the meeting made no sense at all. 他在會(huì)議上所言毫無(wú)意義。 短語(yǔ)拓展： make sense of 理解；懂；明白 no sense in 沒(méi)道理 have no sense of shame 無(wú)羞恥心, 毫不知恥 come to one's senses 恢復(fù)理性, 蘇醒 frighten [scare] sb. out of his senses 嚇得某人魂不附體 in some sense 在某種意義上 lose one's sense 昏過(guò)去; 發(fā)瘋 ; 失去理性 6. as well as ①conj. 既……又…… He is really courageous as well as strong.他的確既健康又勇敢。 ②prep. 都 The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime. 編輯和校對(duì)者都在加班工作。 短語(yǔ)拓展： ①as good as 和……一樣好；幾乎和 ……一樣 The manager as good as refused your demand. 經(jīng)理幾乎回絕了你一樣。 ②as far as 遠(yuǎn)達(dá)……；就…… 而論；依……看來(lái) As far as I know, she is a diligent student. 依我看，她是一個(gè)勤奮的學(xué)生。 ③as long as 長(zhǎng)達(dá) ……；只要…… You can realize your dream as long as you work hard. 只要你努力，你會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)你的夢(mèng)想。 7. run for v.競(jìng)選，趕快去請(qǐng)；逃跑 The famous actor ran for the governor and he got a great success. 那位名演員競(jìng)選州長(zhǎng)大獲全勝。 短語(yǔ)拓展： ①run into v.跑進(jìn)，撞上，偶遇，陷入，達(dá)到 ②run in v.跑進(jìn)，順便探訪，插入，拘留，使不間斷，試車，使當(dāng)選 ③run into debt 負(fù)債 8. call for 需要；要求；值得： They tried to call for bid but failed.他們想招標(biāo)可是沒(méi)有成功。 The occasion calls for a cool head.這種場(chǎng)合需要冷靜的頭腦。 短語(yǔ)拓展： 111 111 ①call after 依…… 名字而命名；追呼其后 ②call at 訪問(wèn)；拜訪；停泊 ③call away 請(qǐng)到別的地方；分心；改變思想等 ④call back 召回；收回；取消；撤銷；回想，回憶；回電話 ⑤call off 取消；叫走；使轉(zhuǎn)移 ⑥call on 拜訪；要求，請(qǐng)求，招致；指名 ⑦call out 大聲喊叫；召集；命令 (工人)罷工；使躍出；向……挑戰(zhàn)；要求和……決斗 ⑧call out at 對(duì)某人高聲叫喊 ⑨call over 點(diǎn)名 ⑩call over to[美]打電話給 ［疑難辨析］ 1. fix, settle, establish 這組同義詞的一般含義是使某人某物穩(wěn)定、固定下來(lái) （1 ） fix 特別強(qiáng)調(diào)使某物在位置、狀態(tài)或特征方面固定下來(lái) Her eyes were fixed on her plate…她的兩個(gè)眼睛盯著盤子…… （2 ） settle 的含義是使某人某物安定下來(lái) He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. 他常想在英國(guó)過(guò)退休生活，并打算在這個(gè)國(guó)家定居下來(lái)。 The dust has now settled. 灰塵現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)平定了。 The weather has settled at last. 天氣終于穩(wěn)定下來(lái)了。 （3 ） establish 的原來(lái)含義也是使位置固定，但常常表示使確立，使存在 It is a newly planted tree and it has not established yet. 這是一棵新栽的樹，還沒(méi)有扎下根來(lái)。 2. besides 和 except 都含“除 ……外”的意思。 （1 ） besides 指“除……外，另外還有” ，著重“另外還有” ，如： I have five other books besides this.除這本以外，我還有五本別的書。 （2 ） except 的含意是“從整體里減去一部分 ”，因?yàn)椤八f(shuō)的道理或事實(shí)不能適用于那 部分” ，著重于“排除在外” ，如： We all went there except Xiao Li. 除了小李以外，我們都到那兒去了。 3. fit suitable proper appropriate 都含“適合的、適當(dāng)?shù)?”意思。 ①fit 系常用詞, 指 “能適合某些條件、環(huán)境、目的或要求的”,有“吻合的”含義, 如: The dress is not fit to wear.這衣服不適合穿。 ②suitable 指“ 符合某時(shí)或某一環(huán)境下的要求或需要的 ”，如： The shoes are suitable to travel.這鞋適用于旅行。 ③proper 指“正當(dāng)?shù)摹?、 “正確的” ，如： Fill in the blanks with proper words.用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。 appropriate 指“恰如其分的” ，比 fit 和 suitable 有更強(qiáng)的正面意義，如： His quotation from Shakespeare is appropriate.他引用莎士比亞的話是恰如其分的。 4. wave ripple roller breaker 都含“波浪”的意思。 ①wave 系常用詞, 指“任何形式的波浪 ”，尤指“海浪” ，如： Waves urge waves.后浪推前浪。 111 111 ②ripple 指“細(xì)浪” 、 “漣漪” ，如： Throw a stone into still water and watch the ripples spread in rings. 投石入靜水中, 看到微波蕩漾成圈。 ③roller 指“起伏的巨浪” 、 “大浪” ，如： Huge rollers broke on the beach. 巨浪拍打著海灘。 ④breaker 指“ 大浪沖岸后的浪花 ”、 “沖擊礁石后形成的碎浪” ，如： Her favourite sport is riding the breaker in.她最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是沖浪。 5. fairly, quite, rather, pretty 這四個(gè)副詞都表示程度，一般英漢詞典的釋義都是“相當(dāng)”或 “頗” 。 ①這幾個(gè)詞單憑其漢語(yǔ)釋義是看不出它們的差異的，似乎漢語(yǔ)沒(méi)有與它們相當(dāng)?shù)脑~。在 英語(yǔ)中這幾個(gè)副詞表示的“程度”相差很大。它們的詞義按照上面的排列順序，從 fairly 開 始到 pretty 為止，是逐漸加強(qiáng)的。 In spite of this, many people are confident that “The Revealer” may reveal something of value fairly soon. 盡管如此，許多人相信“這架探寶器”不久就會(huì)探測(cè)出有價(jià)值的東西來(lái)。 The car is fairly large for the four of us. 這輛車我們四個(gè)人勉強(qiáng)坐得開。 They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. 他們