1946_某復(fù)雜產(chǎn)品的功能分析,復(fù)雜,繁雜,產(chǎn)品,功能分析 黃河科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（文獻(xiàn)翻譯） 第 1 頁 ____________________________________________________________________________________________Research on the Basic Concept and methods of Value Engineering Oriented to Enhancing the Value of EquipmentAbstract:This paper considered the actual application of value engineering and the needs of large and compiex equipment for engineering theory ,analyzed the basic concept of value engineering ,and made some personal views based on them .In addition ,in order to enrich the connotation of the concept of value engineering and expand the outreach of value engineering,this paper redefined the concept and purpose of value enginering,and explored the ways of value engineering theoretically.So it is of great significance to the application of value engineering in the large ang complex project and also the implementing the scientific development concept and building a resource-saving society.Keyword:Value Engineering,Basic Concept,Theory ,Methods,Dicussion1 IntroductionValue Engineering (VE) was developed at General Electric Corp. during World War II and is widely used in industry and government, particularly in areas such as defense, transportation, construction, and healthcare. Value Engineering (VE) is an effective technique for reducing costs, increasing productivity, and improving quality. It can be applied to hardware and software; development, production, and manufacturing; specifications, standards, contract requirements, and other acquisition program documentation; facilities design and construction. VE is defined as "an analysis of the functions of a program, project, system, product, item of equipment, building, facility, service, or supply of an executive agency, performed by qualified agency or contractor personnel, directed at improving performance, reliability, quality, safety, and life cycle costs." It may be successfully introduced at any point in the life-cycle of products, systems, or procedures. VE is a technique directed toward analyzing the functions of an item or process to determine "best value," or the best 黃河科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（文獻(xiàn)翻譯） 第 2 頁 ____________________________________________________________________________________________relationship between worth and cost. In other words, "best value" is represented by an item or process that consistently performs the required basic function and has the lowest life-cycle cost. In this context, the application of VE in facilities construction can yield a better value when construction is approached in a manner that incorporates environmentally-sound and energy-efficient practices and materials. In an age of increasing competition for financial resources, innovation and improved value are needed across all industries and levels of government. SAVE International is the premier international society devoted to the advancement and promotion of the value methodology (also called value engineering, value analysis, or value management). Value methodology is used in government and the design, construction, and manufacturing industries to optimize projects, business and manufacturing processes, and product development. Benefits include decreasing costs, increasing profits, improving quality and performance, and enhancing customer satisfaction.2 literature review2.1 The basic concept of value engineeringMiles ,founder of the value engineering ,had such a definition :"value engineering is a complete system to identify and deal with factors which increase thecost but do not work for products ,processes or services .With the existing technology ,knowledge and skills,the system identifies the cost that contributes nothing to the needs of customers effectively ,and then to help improve products,processes or service."VE is a management tool that can be used alone or with other management techniques and methodologies to improve operations and reduce costs. For example, the acquisition reform efforts, the emphasis on performance-based specifications, the design-build project delivery process, and the use of Integrated Product/Project/Process Teams (IPT) can include VE and other cost-reduction techniques, such as life-cycle costing, cost as an independent variable, concurrent engineering, and design-to-cost approaches. These techniques are effective as analytical tools in process and product improvement. VE can be used with lean six sigma processes to challenge requirements and identify functions that cost more than 黃河科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（文獻(xiàn)翻譯） 第 3 頁 ____________________________________________________________________________________________they are worth.2.2 The relationship between product feature and life-cycle costsThe relationship between product features and life-cycle costs has been mentioned in many textbooks and papers just as show in the figure 1,there is a lowest point named Cmin in the curve of life cycle cost ,and the performance of product has a appropriate point named F0 in Corresponding .This case can be seen as a kind of ideal state. (The relationship between product function and product life cycle costs)3 Fundamental principle 3.1 The purpose of value engineering Value engineering in highway engineering design application first, select the value engineering objects and collect information of value engineering is to carry out a specific object of targeted analysis and evaluation, and improvement in highway engineering design, value engineering objects choice to consider the efficiency of enterprises and social benefits, costs and handle the relationship between structure and function in the premise of full use of raw materials, the real protection of the environment, but also to classify the various functional protection to function cost is more reasonable state, but also focus on data collection work, value engineering to 黃河科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（文獻(xiàn)翻譯） 第 4 頁 ____________________________________________________________________________________________achieve the purpose of the second, functional analysis and evaluation. functional analysis is the core value engineering activities and basic content. It requires the design of highway projects should be integrated consider the impact of construction projects within the region throughout the whole period of operation of the project traffic demand and network across the highway planning role by means of functional system diagram for a detailed analysis of highway engineering design but also for functional assessment, to identify value engineering objects constitute elements of the relationship between function and to identify the lowest cost strategy. Third, program innovation and evaluation of program innovation is starting to improve the value of the object function, through creative thinking activities, proposed to achieve reliable function new program. the evaluation of the program effective, value engineering can be truly objective.3.2 The relationship among the three purposesValue engineering in highway construction in the application of the first control cycle of the project cost of highway projects include life-cycle cost considering the time value of roads under the premise that after a feasibility study stages of engineering for real operations, maintenance to the repeal, spent the entire cycle costs of highway projects to meet the life cycle to ensure that the functions must be carried out under the premise, the only way to reduce life cycle costs, value engineering to achieve the purpose of implementation of the second, value engineering design optimization in the design of highway projects, the design should be a reasonable choice, efforts to achieve technical and economic optimization and only choose the right design, the budget can really do the project work, strengthen the construction cost control problems, but also note that with the highway construction-related aspects. From highway construction should pay attention to the value of the initial phase of implementation of the project, the only way to faster and more effective in reducing construction costs, but also quality assurance, system engineering to achieve the purpose of carrying out the third, value engineering to optimize the construction, operation and maintenance during the construction phase, construction management 黃河科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（文獻(xiàn)翻譯） 第 5 頁 ____________________________________________________________________________________________work should pay attention to the main content, which in value engineering play a very important role in the construction phase should be aware well in advance of research work, the use of new technology and new results, for the meet the design requirements of the premise, to reduce costs, shorten the construction period in the operation and maintenance phases using value engineering to reduce the production of many negative factors, only the use of value engineering theory to measure the road construction and maintenance, highway construction in order to make greater economic benefits.3.3 Basic methods on application Value engineering in highway cost control in the application first, value engineering in the design phase cost control applications. Highway engineering design phase is the focus and investment control key engineering activities carried out during the design phase, will achieve a multiplier effect present highway design program requirements a high degree of functional value is relatively high, therefore, usually the application of value engineering to optimize the design and evaluation phase of the second construction phase cost control applications. Value Engineering in Construction purpose is to try reduce the cost of the construction process, costs and expenses, ahead of schedule, to enhance the value of works in road construction cost of the process control applications, can reduce construction costs, and ultimately improve the economic benefits, for maximum profit. When value engineers talk about reducing costs, they are usually referring to either total life cycle costs or the direct costs of production. Total life cycle costs are the total expenditures over the whole life span of the product. This measure of cost is most applicable to expensive capital equipment, and includes manufacturing costs, installation costs, maintenance costs, and decommissioning costs. Individual expenditures must be discounted to reflect the time value of money When referring to consumer products, the direct cost of production is more typically used. This measure is limited to the costs directly associated with manufacturing the product.黃河科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（文獻(xiàn)翻譯） 第 6 頁 ____________________________________________________________________________________________4 ConclusionFirst ,the purpose of value engineering could be to enhance the value of users to the greatest extent.Second , the cost concept of value engineering should be extended from user life cycle cost to the whole society cost,while the value concept should be extended from user value to the whole society value .The purpose of value engineering is not limited to achieve the maximum value of customer ,but to maximize the value of the whole society.The supreme goal of value engineering is to realize the maximum value of the whole society.Third ,the purpose to achieve the function that users required at the lowest life cycle cost does not equal the purpose to achieve the maximum value of the costumers.References[1]Zackrison,H.B.(1997).Value Engineering,Value Analysis,Value Management,Life Cycle Costing.Save Int'l Conference Proceedings.[2]Sun Huaiyu,practical value engineering course:Beijing Machinery industey.[3]Zhang Caijiang，complex theories and new methods of value engineering.[4]Audrey,J.A.(1996).Being creative in Value Engineering today.Save Int' Conference Proceedings.http://www.value-eng.org/catalog_conference 1996.php.pp.43-45.[5]Sun,Q.H.(1986).The principle and application of the dynamic asymmetry method,SAVE,1986,pp.54-61.[6]Wang,N J.(1992).A new method in function aanlysis.Save Int'l Conference Proceedings.http://www.value-eng.org/catalog_ conference 1992.php.pp 298-302.[7]Teng,J.T.C.,Grover,V.,Fiedler,K.D.(1996).Developing strategic perspectives on BPR:From process reconfiguration to organizational change.Omega,Int.J.Mgmt.[8]Wixson,J.R.(2001).Functions analysis and decomposition using Function Analysis System Technique (FAST),Save Int'l Conference Proceedings.Procceedings of SAVE.黃河科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（文獻(xiàn)翻譯） 第 7 頁 ____________________________________________________________________________________________[9]Lenzer,W.F.(1998).A Z FAST logic:A three dimensional model.Save Int'l Conference Proceedings.http://www.value-eng.org/[10]Mlies,L.D.(1983).Value analysis:Tell your management.[11]O'Bren,J.(1987).Lawrence D.Miles Recollections,Elinor Miles and Miles Foundation.pp.7-11.[12]S.Alasheash (1993).Why some managers think of value engineering as costreduction http://www.value-eng.org/catalog_conference 1993.[13]Koga,J.E.(2000).Does value management have a place in project management? 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