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徐州工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) 摘要 起重機(jī)械廣泛應(yīng)用于工礦企業(yè)、港口碼頭、車站倉庫、建筑工地、海洋開發(fā)、宇宙航行等各個工業(yè)部門，可以說陸地、海洋、空中、民用、軍用各個方面都有起重機(jī)械在進(jìn)行著有效的工作。 　　起重機(jī)械與運輸機(jī)械發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在，已經(jīng)成為合理組織成批大量生產(chǎn)和機(jī)械化流水作業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)，是現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)的重要標(biāo)志之一。在我國四個現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展和各個工業(yè)部門機(jī)械化水平、勞動生產(chǎn)率的提高中，起重機(jī)必將發(fā)揮更大的作用。 此次設(shè)計的起重機(jī)為50/10t雙梁橋式起重機(jī)，主要用于各車間、分段生產(chǎn)線和鋼材堆場等處。橋式起重機(jī)本身作橫向移動，車架上的絞車作縱向移動，吊在絞車上的吊鉤作垂向移動，三個方向的運動的合成才能使起重機(jī)起作用。為了防止橋式起重機(jī)在駕駛員看不清楚具體的吊鉤運動方式，地面上一般配備有起重工進(jìn)行指揮或夾、放吊鉤。 本課題主要對50/10t雙梁橋式起重機(jī)的主起升機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行總體設(shè)計，設(shè)計過程中查閱了大量國內(nèi)外的相關(guān)資料，所做的設(shè)計運用了大量的專業(yè)課程。首先通過確定傳動方案，選擇滑輪組和吊鉤組，選擇合適的鋼絲繩，計算滑輪的主要尺寸，確定卷筒尺寸并驗算其強(qiáng)度，計算高速浮動軸，選擇合適的電動機(jī)、減速器、制動器和聯(lián)軸器。要求起重設(shè)備運行平穩(wěn), 定位準(zhǔn)確, 安全可靠, 技術(shù)性能穩(wěn)定。 關(guān)鍵詞：起重機(jī)；橋式起重機(jī)；起升機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計 Abstract The hoisting machinery widely applies in the industrial and mining establishment, the harbor wharf, the station warehouse, the construction site, the ocean development, the astronautics and so on each industry sector, it may say that the land, the sea, airborne, civil, the military each aspect has the hoisting machinery to carry on the effective work. The hoisting machinery and the transport machinery develops to the present, have already became the reasonable organization in groups mass productions and the mechanization streamlined production foundation, it is the one of modernized production important symbols. In our country four modernizations' development and each industry sector mechanization level, in labor productivity's enhancement, the hoist crane will certainly to play the major role. This design of hoist crane is the 50/10t double beam bridge type hoist crane, mainly uses in various workshops, the partition production line and the steel products dump site and so on place. The bridge-type hoist crane itself makes the derailing, on frame's winch makes the longitudinal shift, hangs makes the vertical migration on winch's lift hook, three direction's movement's synthesis can cause the hoist crane to have an effect. In order to prevent the bridge-type hoist crane to look at not the clear concrete lift hook mode of motion in the pilot, as soon as in the ground is a match has the heavy industry to carry on the direction or to clamp, puts the lift hook. This topic mainly carries on the system design to the 50/10t double beam bridge type hoist crane's host hoisting mechanism, designed in the process to consult the massive domestic and foreign correlation data, did the design has utilized the massive special courses. First through the definite transmission plan, the choice block and tackle and the lift hook group, chooses the appropriate steel wire, calculates pulley's main dimension, the definite reel size and checking calculation its intensity, the computation floats the moving axis high speed, chooses the appropriate electric motor, the reduction gear, the brake and the shaft coupling. The request hoisting equipment movement is steady, the localization is accurate, safe reliable, the technical performance is stable. Key words crane bridge crane lifting mechanism design II 徐州工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) 目 錄 1緒論 1 1.1起重機(jī)概述 1 1.2起重機(jī)的分類 1 1.3起升機(jī)構(gòu)介紹 2 2起重機(jī)的國內(nèi)外發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 4 2.1起重機(jī)的國外發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 4 2.2起重機(jī)的國內(nèi)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 6 3橋式起重機(jī)的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)與工作級別 8 3.1橋式起重機(jī)的主要技術(shù)參數(shù) 8 3.2橋式起重機(jī)的工作級別 10 4傳動方案的選擇 11 4.1驅(qū)動裝置的布置方式 11 4.1.1電動起升機(jī)構(gòu) 11 4.1.2液壓起升機(jī)構(gòu) 11 5鋼絲繩的選擇 13 5.1鋼絲繩的特性 13 5.2鋼絲繩的種類 13 5.2.1根據(jù)鋼絲繩的捻繞次數(shù)分類 13 5.2.2按鋼絲繩的捻向分類 13 5.2.3根據(jù)股的形狀分類 14 5.2.4根據(jù)股的構(gòu)造分類 14 5.2.5根據(jù)鋼絲表面處理分類 15 5.2.6根據(jù)鋼絲繩股數(shù)的數(shù)目分類 15 5.2.7根據(jù)繩芯分類 15 5.3鋼絲繩的選擇 15 6滑輪、卷筒的計算 17 6.1卷筒的構(gòu)造與類型 17 6.1.1按鋼絲繩在卷筒上的卷繞層數(shù)分類 17 6.1.2按卷筒的表面不同分類 17 6.1.3.按卷筒的制作方法分類 18 6.2卷筒、滑輪的設(shè)計計算 18 6.2.1滑輪、卷筒最小直徑的確定 18 6.2.2卷筒長度和厚度的計算 18 6.2.3卷筒轉(zhuǎn)速 19 6.2.4卷筒壓應(yīng)力驗算 20 6.2.5卷筒強(qiáng)度驗算 20 6.3鋼絲繩在卷筒上的固定方法 21 7初選電動機(jī)和減速器的選擇 22 7.1初選電動機(jī) 22 7.2減速器的選擇 22 8制動器的選擇 24 8.1概述 24 8.2制動裝置的分類 24 8.2.1按制動器的結(jié)構(gòu)形式分類 24 8.2.2按制動器工作狀態(tài)分類 25 8.2.3按制動器的驅(qū)動方式分類 25 8.3塊式制動器 25 8.4塊式制動器的設(shè)計 27 8.5起動時間與起動加速度的驗算 29 8.6電動機(jī)起動可靠性的驗算 29 9.聯(lián)軸器的選擇和高速浮動軸驗算 31 9.1聯(lián)軸器選擇 31 9.2高速浮動軸的驗算 32 結(jié)論 33 致謝 34 參考文獻(xiàn) 35 附錄 36 附錄1 36 2