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走向高考 · 英語(yǔ),路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版(課標(biāo)卷地區(qū)) · 高考總復(fù)習(xí),基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦,第一部分,解題策略(十二) 閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題,第一部分,高考中細(xì)節(jié)理解題通常占閱讀理解題總數(shù)的一半以上。2014年新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷考區(qū)及其他各考區(qū)的高考試題中考查細(xì)節(jié)理解的題目占閱讀理解題目總數(shù)的55%左右。細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解，一般對(duì)文中已提到的事物、現(xiàn)象或理論進(jìn)行發(fā)問(wèn)，通過(guò)語(yǔ)句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的理解能力。細(xì)節(jié)理解題的設(shè)題形式靈活多樣，有可能是直接細(xì)節(jié)題，如事件的起因、過(guò)程、結(jié)果及發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，也有很多間接細(xì)節(jié)題，要求考生在理解文章內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，將內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化、條理化。命題人一般都通過(guò)對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的改動(dòng)考查考生準(zhǔn)確、深入理解細(xì)節(jié)的能力。,(一)“斷章取義”尋依據(jù) 考生要從文段中獲得回答細(xì)節(jié)題的具體信息，可不必詳盡閱讀整篇文章，只需找出可能包含所需信息的段落，迅速劃定關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，然后加以重點(diǎn)理解即可，也就是所謂的“尋讀法”?？忌谶\(yùn)用此法時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)文段的結(jié)構(gòu)和寫(xiě)作順序，有針對(duì)性地尋讀，迅速鎖定相關(guān)內(nèi)容。,[典例1](2014·天津·A卷) . Transportation The TWU Express is a shuttle (班車(chē)) service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 9 am and 3 pm, Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1. 40．What is the function of TWU Express? A．To carry students to the lecture halls. B．To provide students with campus tours. C．To take students to the Mattson Centre. D．To transport students to and from the stores.,答案：D 掃視一下全文結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出此題答案應(yīng)在Transportation部分。由此部分內(nèi)容可知，TWU Express是班車(chē)，該班車(chē)運(yùn)行在學(xué)校校園和購(gòu)物中心之間。故選D項(xiàng)。,(二)同義互釋定選項(xiàng) 細(xì)節(jié)題答案選項(xiàng)的表述通常不是用文章的原話，而是使用與文中同義或近義的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)?？忌欢ㄒ氐轿闹姓页雠c答題內(nèi)容相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)和句子，在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上從備選項(xiàng)中找出與原文意思相同或相近的詞、詞組或短語(yǔ)。,[典例2](2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·D篇) . In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them — have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect. .,32．Many scholars are making efforts to ________. A．promote global languages B．rescue disappearing languages C．search for language communities D．set up language research organizations 答案：B 從“In an effort to prevent language loss”可知，很多學(xué)者成立了一些機(jī)構(gòu)，致力于記錄即將消失的語(yǔ)言和它們所體現(xiàn)的文化。prevent language loss與rescue disappearing languages意義相近，所以選B項(xiàng)。,(三)“本末倒置”讀廣告 廣告、字典、公告、演出信息、航班時(shí)間表以及借書(shū)卡片等一般為功能閱讀，需快速尋找信息。做這類(lèi)題時(shí)沒(méi)有必要閱讀全文，宜采用“倒序法”來(lái)處理。即先看問(wèn)題，后看文章內(nèi)容。這樣在閱讀中可以有重點(diǎn)地、有針對(duì)性地去讀，冗余無(wú)效的信息可以略讀甚至不讀。,[典例3](2014·北京·A篇) . ◆Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium Train Sea Life Melbourne Aquarious is a short walk from either Flinders or Southern Cross train stations. Tram(有軌電車(chē)) The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium tram stop is located on the free City Circle Tram route (公交線路) and also routes 70 and 75. City Circle trams run every 10 minutes in both directions.,Shuttle Bus The Melbourne city Tourist shuttle is a free bus service, stopping at key tourist attractions in and around the City. Running daily, every 15 minutes from 10：00 am to 4：00 pm. .,57．Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, visitors can take ________. A．trains from Southern Cross train station B．shuttle buses around the train station C．boats across the Yarra River D．either tram route 70 or 75 答案：D 做此題時(shí)應(yīng)把注意范圍集中在Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium 部分。根據(jù)Tram(有軌電車(chē))下面的“The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium tram stop is located on the free City Circle Tram route(公交線路) and also routes 70 and 75”可知，通過(guò)70或75號(hào)公交線路可到達(dá)該水族館，故選D項(xiàng)。,(四)“去偽存真”辨是非 首先瀏覽題目所提供的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。若各選項(xiàng)針對(duì)同一內(nèi)容，則要注意找出各個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間的差異，再帶著問(wèn)題去原文中核實(shí)文章的實(shí)際內(nèi)容；若各個(gè)選項(xiàng)陳述的內(nèi)容不一致，“各自為政”，則要根據(jù)題干或選項(xiàng)中提供的線索回讀原文，逐個(gè)找到相關(guān)句，最后確定答案。注意表達(dá)上“絕對(duì)化”的選項(xiàng)通常不是正確答案。,[典例4](2014·福建·A篇) It was Mother's Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our local supermarket with my five-year-old son, Tenyson. As we were leaving, we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete. Her husband was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock. Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple. He said to me, “Mum, it's not much fun falling over in front of everyone.”,At the front of the supermarket, a charity (慈善) group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds. Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower. “It will make her feel better，”he said. I was amazed that he'd come up with this sweet idea. So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up. ”Just take it，“ she replied.I can't take your money for such a wonderful gesture.”,By now paramedics (急救人員) had arrived, and were attending to the injured woman. As we walked up to her, my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment. He said he was just too scared to go up to her. Instead I gave the flower to the woman's husband and told him, “My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.”,At that, the old man started crying and said, “Thank you so much，you have a wonderful son. Happy Mother's Day to you.” The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower, telling her who it was from. Though badly hurt and shaken, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.,57．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The elderly woman was knocked down by Tenyson. B．Tenyson's idea of buying a flower gained his mother's support. C．Tenyson's care for the elderly woman puzzled the flower seller. D．The elderly woman was moved to tears by Tenyson's gesture.,答案：B 根據(jù)第一段的“As we were leaving, we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete“ 可排除A項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第三段中的“I was amazed that he'd come up with this sweet idea”可知，Tenyson提出的買(mǎi)花的主意贏得了作者的支持；根據(jù)第三段的“‘Just take it，’she replied.‘I can't take your money for such a wonderful gesture ’”可排除C項(xiàng)；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“the old man started crying”以及最后一段的“the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile”可排除D項(xiàng)。,