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I have been reading Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms recently.最近我一直在讀海明威的《永別了，武器》。 Tom has been working hard since the new term began.自從新學期開始以來，湯姆一直在努力學習。,(2)表示到目前為止的一段時間內(nèi)時斷時續(xù)、反復發(fā)生的動作。 He has been writing articles for the newspapers and magazines since he became a teacher. 自任教以來，他一直在為報紙、雜志撰稿。 You’ve been saying that for five years. 這話你已經(jīng)說了5年了。,3．現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別 (1)現(xiàn)在完成時側重于曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或動作產(chǎn)生的結果；現(xiàn)在完成進行時則更強調動作的延續(xù)性。 He has written a letter.他寫了一封信。(已經(jīng)寫好) He has been writing a letter.他一直在寫一封信。(一直在寫) (2)現(xiàn)在完成時一般不表示動作的反復；而現(xiàn)在完成進行時可表示動作的反復。 Have you met him recently? 你最近見到過他嗎？ Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他見面嗎？,(3)現(xiàn)在完成時通常只是陳述一種事實；而現(xiàn)在完成進行時可表示強烈的感情色彩。 I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你兩個小時。(說明一個事實) I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你兩個小時。(可能表示不滿),【單項填空】 ①Good heavens! There you are! We ________ anxious about you, and we ________ you back throughout the night. A．a(chǎn)re；expect B．were；had expected C．have been；were expecting D．a(chǎn)re；were expecting ②—Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday? —No, but we ________ to get in touch with them ever since. A．have tried B．have been trying C．had tried D．had been trying,答案 ①C [擔心是從過去某時到說話時為止一直在進行的動作，用現(xiàn)在完成時；expect 是在過去某一段時間里(整個晚上)正在進行的動作，故用過去進行時。] ②B [考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)答語中的時間狀語可知自從那對夫婦在山中失蹤以后，人們一直在盡力和他們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示這個動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還有可能繼續(xù)進行下去。],電子郵件 【寫作任務】 現(xiàn)在有許多的音樂選秀活動，因此有些學生不顧學業(yè)去參加這些活動。你的網(wǎng)友Tom發(fā)e-mail給你，說他想休學一段時間去參加一個選秀節(jié)目。,【寫作要求】 詞數(shù)在120詞左右，開頭和結尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。,【寫作分析】 第一步：認真審題 1．電子郵件應屬于書信類作文。它要求開始寫稱謂，如Dear Sir, Gentlemen, Dear Mr. (Mrs.，Miss) Smith等；接著是正文部分：如果你是回復客戶的詢問或請求，應以感謝開頭，如“Thank you for your prompt reply”或“Thanks for getting back to me”；如果你是主動寫電子郵件給別人，首先就要表明你的意圖，如“I am writing to you for.”；“I’m writing in reference to.”；正文最后還要寫上感謝收信人的禮貌語，如“Thank you for your consideration.”及“I look forward to hearing from you.”；其次是結束語，如 Yours truly, Yours respectfully, Yours sincerely，Yours faithfully等；最后是簽名，附上你的名字。,2．文章要首先介紹學生參加選秀節(jié)目的情況，然后表明自己的觀點。因此文章大體可分為三段。第一段寫Mike參加選秀的事，第二段寫學生不顧學業(yè)參加選秀，第三段表明自己的觀點。 3．寫作時要注重長短句的結合，合理使用復合句。其次要恰當利用關聯(lián)詞，如as a result, in short等以加強行文的邏輯性。,第二步：提煉要點 1．disagree with 2．give up your study 3．be crazy about 4．take part in music contests 5．concentrate on one’s study 6．the most important thing 7．in a reasonable way 8．pay attention to,第三步：擴點成句 1．I disagree with you totally. I don’t think it is a good excuse for you to give up your study. 2．I know that nowadays more and more teenagers are crazy about superstars and want to be a superstar one day. 3．A lot of TV shows are designed for teenagers to take part in lots of music contests. 4．Many teenagers no longer concentrate on their studies. 5．As students, the most important thing we should be doing is studying.,6．Developing our hobbies is also important, but we should develop them in a reasonable way. 7．In short, it is important that we study to know more. That is why we should pay our attention to our studies.,【參考范文】 Dear_Tom， I’ve_heard_that_you_want_to_quit_school_to_attend_the_show_Searching_for_Music_Talents. I disagree with you totally. I don’t think it is a good excuse for you to give up your study. I know that nowadays more and more teenagers are crazy about superstars and want to be a superstar one day. A lot of TV shows are designed for teenagers to take part in lots of music contests. As a result, many teenagers no longer concentrate on their studies. As students, the most important thing we should do is study. Developing our hobbies is also important, but we should develop them in a reasonable way.,In short, it is important that we study to know more. That is why we should pay our attention to our studies. Best_regards! Yours， Li_Dong,模板二 Recently________， what amazes us most is________.It is true that ________.There are many reasons explaining ________. The main reason is________.What is more________.Thirdly ________.As a result， ________. Considering all these, ________________.For one thing________；for another thing________. In conclusion，________.,名詞性從句易錯點分析 一、that引導的定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別 同位語從句通常是在一個名詞，如fact，idea, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt, proof等后，對其作進一步的解釋。 I have no idea that you were here. He can’t answer the question how he got the money.,①Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas. ②Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago? 解釋：在句①中，that引導同位語從句解釋說明promise的內(nèi)容，that不充當任何句子成分，只起連接作用；而在句②中，that引導的定語從句對先行詞the chicken farm起修飾作用，先行詞在從句中作visited的賓語。,二、名詞性從句中，關于it作形式主語和形式賓語的易錯點 1．名詞性從句作主語或賓語時，為保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主語或形式賓語。以下是常見的用it作形式主語的復合結構： ①It is＋名詞＋that從句 It is a fact/pity/shame/no wonder/good news.that. ②It is＋形容詞＋that從句 It is necessary/strange/important/wonderful/possible/likely that.這類句型中的謂語動詞多為“( should)＋動詞原形”結構。 ③It is＋過去分詞＋that從句 It is said/reported/decided/believed that.,④It＋不及物動詞＋that從句 It seems/happened/doesn’t matter/has turned out that. It’s a pity that he doesn’t come to give a speech. (it作形式主語) We think it possible that you can finish the job today. (it作形式賓語) It happened that her mother was away. It has turned out that he was the murderer. 2．謂語動詞appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等后接由if或when引導的賓語從句時，往往在從句前加上形式賓語it。 I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party.,【單項填空】 It is obvious to the students________ they should get well prepared for their future. A. as B．which C．whether D．that,D,三、that和what的區(qū)別 連詞that在從句中不作任何成分；what可作主語、表語或賓語等。 【單項填空】 ①A modern city has been set up in ________was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B．which C．that D．where ②Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ________it was 20 years ago，________ it was so poorly equipped. A. what; when B．that; which C．what; which D．which; that,A,A,③—Is there any possibility ________you could pick me up at the airport? —No problem. A. when B．that C．whether D．what,B,四、名詞性從句的語序 名詞性從句通常用陳述句語序。 【單項填空】 He asked ________for the violin. A．did I play how much B．I paid how much C．how much did I pay D．how much I paid,D,五、if和whether的用法比較 ①if引導賓語從句和條件狀語從句。 ②whether引導主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。 【單項填空】 At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see________ it got any better. A. when B．how C．why D．if,D,