2019-2020年高考英語總復習知識點精講精析與高考試題預測 Unit 12 Fact and fantasy 人教版大綱第二冊.doc
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2019-2020年高考英語總復習知識點精講精析與高考試題預測 Unit 12 Fact and fantasy 人教版大綱第二冊 I.單元知識點全覽 工欲善其事 必先利其器 高考須掌握的詞匯:1.beIieve 2.a(chǎn)pplication 3.hunt 4.collide 5.hesitation 6.Gently 高考須掌握的短語:1.earn/make 2.out 3.in 4.upon/on 5.up Ⅱ.考點過關 過關斬將 一馬平川 考點詳解 精剖細解 入巿三分 一、重點詞匯 1.a(chǎn)board adv.&pprep.在船(飛機,車)上,上船(飛機,車) eg: She has gone aboard.她已經(jīng)上飛機(船,車)了。 She went aboard the plane.她上了飛機。 相關鏈接.board vt.上車/船 on board在車上(船上)用法拓展:go aboard上船(飛機,車),(aboard為副詞) go aboard the plane上飛機(aboard為介詞) All aboard!請上船(上飛機,上車)!特別提醒:aboard可以用on board替換,go aboard—go on board上船(飛機/車) go aboard the pIane=go on board the plane(上飛機)=board the plane 2.matter n.物質;事情(a matter);情況,事態(tài)(戶z.);麻煩事,毛病(the matter)eg: That will make matters worse.那會使事態(tài)變得更糟。What's the matter with you?你怎么了? 用法拓展.a(chǎn)s a matter of fact事實上,實際上 in the matter of關于 no matter hOW(when,where,who,whethe r…)不管怎樣(何時,哪里,誰,是否……)to make matters worse更糟的是特別提醒:(1)matter當“麻煩事,毛病”講時用the matter,當“事態(tài),情況”講時,通常用復數(shù)形式。 (2)matter還可用于不及物動詞,通常用在疑問句,否定句或條件句中。 eg:It doesn't matter who wiIl go there.誰去那兒沒關系。what does it matter?有什么關系? 案例剖析 旁征博引 舉一反三 考題1( 典型例題分 ) After all the passengers went , the ship set sail. A. on the board B. on the boards C. aboard D. abroad 考題1點撥:答案為C。此題考查go aboard“上船”。on the board表示。在木板上”。on the boards表示“當演員”,abroad表示“到國外”,go abroad“出國”均與題不符。句意為:“當所有乘客登上船后,船就起航了。” 考題2-1 (典型例題)In charac-ter training of children, what really much is what their parents say and do. A. matters B. cares C. considers D. minds 考題2-2( 典型例題 分 ) Does matter if he can't finish the work on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it 考題2—1點撥:答案為A。根據(jù)題意“在孩子性格培養(yǎng)中,真正有關系的是他們父母的言行舉止”。matter“有關系,要緊”;care“介 意,關系”,主語應為人”。故選A。 考題2—2點撥:答案為D。此題考查matter用作不及物動詞。表示,要緊,有關系”,it代替if he can't finish the work on time。句意為:“如果他不能按時完成工作有關系嗎?” 3.hesitate講.躊躇;猶豫;有疑慮;不愿eg: When he was asked to speak,he hesitated for a few minutes. 當讓他發(fā)言時,他猶豫了一會兒。 I hesitated to ask you,but will you lend me some money? 能借點錢給我嗎?我本不想開口,實在不得已。 相關鏈接:hesitation n.躊躇;猶豫 hesitating adj.令人猶豫的 hesitingly adv.令人猶豫地用法拓展;hesitate at nothing對什么事都毫不遲疑 hesitate to do sth.對做某事猶豫不決 hesitate about doing sth.對做某事猶豫不決 without hestiation毫不猶豫特別提醒:hesirate為不及物動詞。 考題3-1 (典型例題 He for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwist he a goal. A. paused; had scored B. hesitated; scored C. stopped; would have scored D.. hesitated; would have scored 考題3-2 When you get into trouble, don't hesitate me for help. A. in asking B. asking C. to ask D. to asking 考題3--1點撥:答案為D。hesitate for a moment“猶豫了一會兒”。would have scored“本來會踢中一球”。本題后半句,otherwise hewould have scored a goal為虛擬語氣。stop不與段時間連用。句意為:“他在射門前猶豫了一會兒,否則的話,他就踢進一球?!? 考題3—2點撥:答案為c。此題考查hesitate to do sth.“干某事猶豫”。句意為:“當你陷入困境時,不要不好意思向我求助?!? 二、重點短語 4.throw light on/upon使某事顯得非常清楚,使人明白 eg: The modern scientific deveIopment has thrown Iight on this question. 現(xiàn)代科學的發(fā)展已使這個問題明朗化。 Can you throw any light on the problem? 你能把這個問題闡述清楚嗎? 用法拓展:bring sth.to light使某事顯露出來eg: His trick was brought to light.他的伎倆被揭露出來。 e to Iight暴露,顯露出來 expose sth.to the light of day把某事暴露于光天化日之下特別提醒:throw light on/upon sth.中的light為不可數(shù)名詞,前無冠詞。 用法拓展:set out(off)for…動身去某地 set out to do sth.開始做某事 set about doing sth.開始做某事 set aside留出,撥出 set up建起,建立 set fire to…點火燒…… set to work(使)開始干…… set foot in/on踏上,進入特別提醒:set out后接不定式作賓語,表示“開始干某事”,而set about后接動名詞作賓語,表示“開始做某事”。set out表示“動身”相當于set off。 考題4 (典型例題分)Professor Karl is a scientist whose experiments have the amazing thing. A. threw light on B. thrown great light on C. thrown a great light on D. thrown a light on 考題4點撥:答案為B。此題考查throw light on/upon sth.“使……明白”。5.set out出發(fā);著手做eg: Let's set OUt before six.讓我們在6點之前動身。She set out to make the experiment.她開始做實驗。 考題5 (典型例題When everything was ready, we to do the work. A. set about B. set out C. set free .D. set down 考題5點撥:答案為B。解此題關鍵是“to do the‘Work"為動詞不定式,故用set OUt;而set about后接動名詞作賓語。句意為:“當一切就緒;我們就著手做這項工作。” 三、重點交際用語 6.I believe/suppose…我認為/猜……eg:I suppose you are right.我猜你是對的。 I believe that she will e back soon.我認為她不久就會回來。 I don't think he will e he re.我認為他不會來這兒。 用法拓展:(1)I don't think(believe,suppose,imagine)that從句,當主句為第一人稱時,否定從句應否定主句,其反意疑問句應與從句一致。 eg: I don't believe he is right, is he?我認為他是不對的,是嗎? (2)當believe(suppose,think,imagine,suggest,expect)等后的從句為特殊疑問句時,應使用下面這個句式。 特殊疑問詞what(When,Where,Who…)do yoga think(believe,suppose….)+從句(從句中用陳述句語序)。 eg: Who do you think he will go with?你認為他會和淮去? Where do you suppose they'll go for their holidays? 你猜他們要去哪兒度假? what places do you suggest I visit?你建議我到哪些地方觀光?特別提醒:suggest用于此句型時,謂語動詞用should+動詞原形或省略should。 考題6-1(典型例題 分)--We haven't heard from Mary for a long time. --What do you suppose to her? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened 考題6-2(典型例題)I don't think he will finish the work in such a short time, ? A. do I B. won't he C. will he D. don't I 考題6—1點撥:答案為c。此題考查What do you suppose..·?句型,同時考查動詞的時態(tài)·從第一句話,We haven't heard from Maryfor a long time.看出,這里強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。句意為:“我們很久沒收到瑪麗的來信了?~你猜她會出什么事呢?” 考題6--2點撥:答案為c。此題考查l think…從句中否定轉移。反意疑問句要與從句一致。句意為:“我認為他不會在這么短時間 內(nèi)完成任務,對嗎?” 四、重點句型 7.Another wonderful story is that of.,ourney to the Center of the Earth.另一個奇妙的故事是《地心游記》的故事。 The land of China is larger than that of America.中國的陸地面積比美國的大。 The book on the bed is more interesting than that on the desk. 床上的那本書比桌上的有趣。 特別提醒:(1)that替代前面提到的同類東西,可代替可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞.常帶后置定語。(一般不指人) (2)one,ones,it,those也可代替前面提到的名詞,但用法各有不同,one指代上文提到的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù);ones指上文提到的復數(shù)名詞;it指上文提到的原物;those指代上文提到的可數(shù)名詞復數(shù),表特指后常帶后置定語,可與the ones互換。 eg:He had suffered from a serious disease,one we never heard of before.他染上了一種嚴重的疾病,一種我們以前沒聽說過的病。I was disappointed with the film.I had expected it to be much better. 我對這部電影很失望,我本來預料它會更好。 Mrs Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except those(the ones)who had already taken them. 張老師把課本全發(fā)給了學生,已拿到課本的那些同學除外。 考題7-1 (典型例題擬 ,1 分) --Is your school life of other teens? --In many ways, yes. A. this B. the same C. one D. that 考題7-2(典型例題分)l'd like to buy a dictionary, at proper price but of great help. A. this B. that C. one D. it 考題7-3 Hurry up, there's no more than one camera in the shop. Let's buy A. this B. that C. one D. it 考題7—1點撥:答案為D?!hat用來指代school life,t school life為不可數(shù)名詞,故不用one。句意為:“你的學校生活和其他10多歲孩子的一樣嗎?~在許多-方面一樣?!? 考題7-2點撥:答案為c。one表示“任何一本字典”。one at proper price but of great help作a dictionary的同位語,表示“泛指”。句意為:“我想買一本字典,一本價格公道但又有幫助的字典?!? 考題7一3點撥;答案為D。根據(jù)no more than one camera得知,只有買它,故用it。句意為:“快點。店里只有一臺照相機了。讓我們買它吧。” 五、詞語辨析 8.lielay (1)lie躺;位于,其過去式是lay,過去分詞是lain,現(xiàn)在分詞是lying。 eg: He has been lying in bed aIl day.他在床上躺了一整天。 My schooI Iies in the center of the ciW.我們學校位于市中心。 The trouble lies in the engine.問題在于發(fā)動機。 (2)lie當“撒謊”講時,其過去式是Iied.過去分詞也是lied.現(xiàn)在分詞是lying。 eg: How can you Iie to me?你怎么能跟我撒謊呢? (3)lay vt.放置;鋪設;產(chǎn)卵其過去式是Iaid,過去分詞是laid,現(xiàn)在分詞是Iaying。 eg:He laid the book on the desk.他把書放在桌子上。 How many eggs are laid every day?每天能下多少蛋? lay the table擺桌子lay a foundation打地基/基礎 lay the foundation of奠定……的基礎 特別提醒:①lay既是“放置,產(chǎn)卵”的原形,又是“躺,位于”的過去式;lying既是“躺,位于”的現(xiàn)在分詞,又是“說謊”的現(xiàn)在分詞。②lie當“撒謊”講時,既用作動詞,也可用作名詞,可構成短語lie to sb.“向某人撒謊”或telI a lie(1ies)“說謊”。 考題8 ( 典型例題1 分 ).The boy _ _ that he saw an egg __ by a cock. A. lay; Iay B. laid; laid C. lied; lain D. lied; laid 考題8點撥;答案為D。從an egg by a cock,得知。。公雞下蛋”是不可能的事,故用撒謊,“撒謊”應用。lie”過去式為lied;lay an egg。產(chǎn)卵”而egg與lay之問為被動關系,應用過去分詞laid作定語。句意為:“這男孩撒謊說他看見一只公雞下了一個蛋?!? 11.語法歸納 精通規(guī)則 游刃有余 構詞法(二) 本單元的語法項目繼續(xù)學習構詞法,下列將常見的一些后綴歸納如下:一able表示“……屬性的” accept接受 acceptable可接受的 suit合適suitabIe合適的 一al表示“具有……職務的人”或“事物的動作(過程)”nation國家 national 國家的 nature自然 natural自然的 arrive到達 arrival到達。一an表示?!胤降娜恕? Ametica美國;美洲 American美國的(人)AustraIia澳大利亞 Australian澳大利亞的 一er表示“某地區(qū)(方)的人” farm農(nóng)場 farmer農(nóng)民 v.1lage村莊 vIllager 村民 一or表示“……者”visit參觀visitor參觀者act表演actor演員 一ess表示“陰性人稱名詞” waiter服務員 waitress女服務員 host招待 hostess女主人 一ese表示“……國人”China中國Chinese中國人;漢語Japan日本 Japanese日本人;日語 一ist表示“”…·家(者)”piano鋼琴 pianist鋼琴家 SoCial社會的 socialist 社會主義者 一ian表示“……地方的人或精通……的人”music音樂 musician音樂家 Asia亞洲 Asian亞洲的(人) . 一ism表示“制度,學說。主義信仰”material物質materialism唯物主義 soeial社會的soeialism社會主義 一ment表示。行為、狀態(tài)、過程”amuse使發(fā)笑;使愉快amusement娛樂;消 遣entertain娛樂;招待 entertainment款待。;娛樂 equip裝備 equipment設備 一nesB表示。性質,狀態(tài)”happy高興的,幸福的 happiness高興,幸福 ill有病的 illness疾病selfish自私的 selfishness自私一tion/一at|on表示“行為的過程,結果”collect收集 collection收集liberate解放liberation解放translate翻譯translation翻譯 ship表示“性質.技能或身份”friend朋友 friendship友誼member成員 membership成員.資格 relation關聯(lián) relationship關系.一fy/ify表示“使……化.使成……”beauty美麗 beautify美化simple簡、單的simplify簡化一cn表示”使成為”wide寬的 widen加寬 short短的 shorten縮短 length長度lengthen加長 考題 寫出下列詞的正確形式 encourage →n. liberate→n. strength→vt. hard →vt. suit→adj. 考題點拔: encourage →encouragement liberate →liberation strength →strengthen hard→harden suit →suitable IV.專題探究 由點及面 由表及里 專題探究:專題詳解:主要考查的知識點:名詞性從句主要考查語序、時態(tài)和引導詞。重點復習:whether.if和that的區(qū)別。that從句和wh-從句的區(qū)別.wh一引導的名詞性從句不含疑問意義.相當于一個名詞后加定語從句。注意連接代詞和連接副詞的選擇。 考題 (典型例題 分)--Excuse me. but can you tell me the way to the small town.? It depends on you go. There are several ways of get-ting there. A. when B. how C. where D. if 考題點撥: l答案.為B。一本題主要考查幾個不同的疑問詞引導名詞性從句時意義上的區(qū)別。乍一看,本題四個選項部符合空白處的句意。但看完題目的最后一句話中的信息后方可判斷應該是“怎樣走”。故答案為B。 V.考題類型一網(wǎng)打盡 驀然回首 燈火闌珊 回顧1 測試考點7 (典型例題e"ve heen looking at hou-ses but haven't found we like yet. A. one B. ones C. it D. them 1.A點撥:本題考查代詞的用法。one用于泛指,指代上文出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式house。 回顧2 測試考點6 (典型例題um is ing. What present for your birthday? A. you expect she has got B. you expecl has she got C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got 2。c點撥:此句型為What do you expect+從句,其中從句要用陳述語序。 回顧3 測試考點 7 (典型例題 moving to the country-side because the air there is much fresher than __ in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those 3.c點撥:that用來指代不可數(shù)名詞the air。句意為:“我要搬到農(nóng)村去,因為那里的空氣比城市的空氣要清新得多?!? 回顧4 測試考點 2 (典型例題 I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn't matter _ _ I’m talking to. A. whoisit B. whoit is C. it is who D. it is whom 4.B點撥:it作形式主語,后面的從句是真正的主語,從句要用陳述語序。 VI.2011年高考題預測 高瞻遠矚 占盡先機 一、考情預測 預測1:matter用作動詞 預測根據(jù):matter用作不及物動詞時.常用于疑問句、否定句或條件句中.表示“要緊、有關系”。 eg:Does it matter if an engi— neer is a woman?(如果工程師是個女的.這有什么關系嗎?)matter作不及物動詞的用法.是近幾年高考的一個命題熱點。 命題角度預測:matter用作不及物動詞的用法.設題時在單項選擇或完形填空中出現(xiàn)的幾率較大,應引起考生對此句式的重視。 預測2:I think/believe,/suppose…that…句式的反意疑問句 預測根據(jù):l think/believe/suppose…that…句式的反意疑問句.要根據(jù)賓語從句進行。 eg:I think he is honest,isn't he?(我 認為他是誠實的.是嗎?)特別注意當主句是否定形式時,要構成否定的轉移,即對后面的賓語從句進行否定,反意疑問句用肯定形式進行。 eg:I don't think he is honest。is he?(我認為他不誠實,是嗎?)這是高考對反意疑問句進行考查的一個重點。 命題角度預測:此句式的考查在高考的單項選擇或閱讀理解部分都可能設題??忌貏e注意主句中是否定形式的此句型.采取否定轉移的方式進行處理。 預測3:that /those用來指代前面出現(xiàn)的名詞 預測根據(jù):that和those皆可用來指代前面出現(xiàn)的名詞.但指代有所不同。that用來指代前面出現(xiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式;those用來指代可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。 eg:The weather in Beijing is not as good as that in Kunming.北京的天氣沒有昆明的好。(that指代weather)The students in Class One are more active than those in Class Two.一班的學生比二班的學生更活躍。(those用來指代students)。that和those的此種用法是高考命題的一個熱點。 命題角度預測:that和those的這種指代作用的用法在高考的單項選擇或完形填空中出現(xiàn)的幾率很大??忌鷦毡嘏宄渲复饔?。然后在具體的語境中作出正確的選擇。 預測4:lie的用法 預測根據(jù):lie是高考考綱要求四會的一個重點單詞。作動詞時可表兩層意思:(1)撒謊,lie—lied—lied_--lying;(2)躺;坐落;位于lie…lay lain lying。尤其是第二層意思,是高考命題的一個重要考點 命題角度預測:對Iie作動詞的考查.在單項選擇或完形填空中都可以進行設題,且考查其表示“躺;坐落;位于”含義的可能性較大??忌鷳獙ζ湓~形變化清楚明了,根據(jù)語境,作出正確選擇。 預測5:話題預測 本單元的中心話題是“事實與幻想”.內(nèi)容涉及科學數(shù)據(jù)、科學發(fā)明、科幻作家、科幻小說、空間旅行、未來生話,長生不老、外來生物等。語言技能和語言知識都是依據(jù)“事實與幻想”這一中心話題而設計的。高考與此話題有關的題目會出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解部分,會以科普類的形式出一篇閱讀理解題,涉及以上談到的話題。 二、考題預測 [備考1]測試考點 7 Meeting my aunt after all these years was an unforgettable moment. I will always treasure. A. that B. one C.it D. what 1.B 點撥:one用來指代前文出現(xiàn)的an,unforgettable mo—ment,作其同位語,同時以one作先行詞,后出現(xiàn)其定語從句1 will always treasure。 [備考2]測試考點 8 The young man on his back with his eyes half-closed. A. lain B. laid C. lied D. lay 2.D點撥:躺(1ie)的一般過去式為lay。 [備考3]測試考點 I Hardly had we gone the ship when it started to leave. A. aboard B. board C. aboard on D. board on 3.A點撥:go aboard登上……。句意為:“我們剛登上船.船就開了?!? [備考4]測試考點 5 As soon as she returned, she to clean the room thoroughly. A. set about B. set out C. set off D. set up 4.B點撥:本題考查與set有關的動詞詞組辨析。set about后接名詞或動名詞,表示“開始或著手干……,”set out to do表示“開始干……”;set off表示“出發(fā)、動身";set up表示“建立建起”。 [備考5]測試考點 4 Now sciehtists are trying to light on some mysterious subjects. A. gent B. bring C. throw D. put 5.c點撥:throw light on/upon為固定詞組,表示“使…明白;使某事顯得清楚”。 [備考6]測試專題探究 You are saying that he has gained his fame by hard work. and this is I disagree. A. why B. where C. that D. how 6.B點撥:where引導表語從句,表示“這正是我不同意的地方”。 [備考7]測試考點 3 Don't to do it if y.o.u make.up your mind to do one thing. A. hesitate B. fail . C. consider D. think 7.A 點撥:動詞辨析題。hesitate to do sth.表示“猶豫干某事”。 [備考8]測試考點 7 ld like to buy a present for my mum. with reasonable price and good value. A. it B, which C. one D. that 8.C點撥:one用來作a present的同位語,泛指只要價格合理且有利用價值的一件禮物即可。 [備考9]高考新題型;填空題 Halloween(萬圣節(jié)) is a h (1) widely c (2) with ifferent names in many countries. A (3) it originated(起 源) as a r (4) ( 宗教的 ) holiday., it has lost its religious connection m the United States. 11 is now celebrated ,1 (5) as a children's day. and many American children look f (6) to it for days and weeks b (7) The orange pumpkin(南瓜) is harvested, at this time of the year and is hollowed(挖空) out. a funny face c (8) into it. and a candle placed i (9) as a decoration in the window. City folks, nowadays, sometimes use paper pumpkins f (10 ) decorations. 9.(1)holiday (2)celebrated (3)Although (4)religious(5)largely(6)forward(7)beforehand(8)cut/carved(9)inside (10)for- 配套講稿:
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