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2019-2020年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)知識點精講精析與高考試題預(yù)測 Unit 12 Artand literature 人教版大綱第一冊 I．單元知識點全覽 工欲善其事 必先利其器 高考須掌握的詞匯：1．1iterale 2．exhibit 3．powerful 4．magic/magical 5．treatment 6．a(chǎn)nnounce 7．Characteristic 高考須掌握的短語：1．series 2．in 3．a(chǎn)cross 4．in 5．a(chǎn)round 、 Ⅱ．考點過關(guān) 過關(guān)斬將 一馬平川 考點詳解 精剖細(xì)解 入巿三分 一、重點詞匯 1．power鞏能力；力量；權(quán)力 eg： Man is the only animal that has the power of speech．人是惟一有說話能力的動物。 You can really feel the power of the sun sitting here．坐在此處，你真能感覺到太陽的力量。 Which political party is in power now?現(xiàn)在哪個政黨執(zhí)政? 相關(guān)鏈接：power station發(fā)電廠powerful adj．強有力的用法拓展：be in power執(zhí)政 e into power上臺；執(zhí)政eg： Davis is a power in this firm=it would be unwise to quarrel with him+戴維斯在公司里是個有勢力的人．和他爭吵是不明智之舉。 案例剖析 旁征博引 舉一反三 考題1-1 Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas。wind and other forms of ． A．energy B．source C．power D．material 考題1-2 (典型例題Electricity，like other forms of ，has greatly increased in price． A．strength B．force一．Fower D．energy 考題1—1點撥：答案為A。energy活力；能源；source來源；power能力；力量；權(quán)力；material材料。天然氣，風(fēng)都屬于能源的一種形式．所以選A。 考題1—2點撥：答案為D。 2．wonder n．奇跡，奇人，故事[c]；驚奇[u]v想知道．納悶eg： It is one of the seven wonders of the world．它是世界七大奇跡之一。 1 wonder whether he wiIl e．我想知道他是否來。 用法拓展：It's a wonder that…奇怪的是…… It’s no，，Iittle wonde r-．．(或No wonder…)難怪…… 1 wonder whether/If…我納悶是否…… I don't WOnder，/Do you wonder that…? 我不納悶……/你納悶……? eg： 1 wonder whether(if)he is honest．我納悶他是否誠實。 Do you wonder that he is honest? 他是誠實的，你覺得奇怪嗎? 考題2-1 ( 典型例題 分 ) She wondered she could have the opportunity to spend here she could learn more about the city. A. if; sometime; so that B. how; sometime; so that C. when; sometimes; that D. if; some time; so that 考題2-2 (典型例題)--John has got a very good job in the government. he looks so happy. A. It's natural B. That's because C. No wonder D. As though 考題2～1點撥：答案為D。wonder作動詞用于肯定的陳述句中，后接if/whether或特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句，在此how/when句意不成立；some time一段時問；sometime某個時候；some times幾次；sometimes有時；so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。 考題2～2點撥：答案為C。No wonder．一一It's no wonder,一難怪……。 3．treat vt對待；視為；治療；款待eg： She treats us as/like children．她把我們當(dāng)小孩看。 Are they able to treat this disease?他們能治這種病嗎? lll treat you to fish this evening．今晚我請你吃魚。 相關(guān)鏈接：treat n．愉快的事；某人請客treatment”．待遇；處理用法拓展：treat sb．a(chǎn)s/like…把……當(dāng)作/像……一樣對待 treat sb．to…用某物招待某人be one's treat某人請客 考題3-1 (典型例題 The ticket for the con cert is too expensive,so I will stay at home． Don't worry．It’s nay ． A．D1easure B．hlck C．treat D．bHsiness 考題3-2 Please e to my birthday party． I’ll treat you a wonderful cake． A．with B．to C．for D．a(chǎn)s 考題3～1點撥：答案為C。It's my treat．由我來請客,從上文看出對方因票價太高，所以打算放棄去聽音樂會，所以用“別擔(dān)心，我請客。”作答。考題3～2點撥：答案為B。treat sb．to．一用……招待某人。 二、重點短語 4．in trouble處于困境．有麻煩 eg：A person with good mallners wi1l never laugh at people when they are in trouble．一個有禮貌的人絕不會嘲笑身處困境的人。 用法拓展：與trouble有關(guān)的習(xí)語：ask for trouble自找麻煩 have trouble(in)domg sth．/with sth．做某事有困難 get into trouble陷入困境iliake trouble制造麻煩 take trouble to do sth．不辭勞苦干某事 save/spare trouble省事 put sb．to troubk給某人添麻煩 put sb．to the trouble of doing st’h．麻煩某人做某事 考題4-1 (典型例題)The guide was familiar with this area, so we had little trouble his home. A. find B. found C. to find D. finding 考題4-2 (典型例題 分) Im sorry to have put you to trouble of changing it for me. A. a B. / C. the D. some 考題4-1點撥：答案為D。have little trouble(in)doing sth．干某事沒有多少困難。 考題4-2點撥：答案為C。put sb．to the trouble of doing sth．使某人陷入做某事的麻煩之中。特別提醒：put sb．to trouble中 trouble前無冠詞。 5．Collie across偶然遇見；碰上eg： I came across an old frl‘end of mine on my way home． 在回家的路上，我偶然遇見我的一位老朋友。 相關(guān)鏈接：表示“偶然遇見”，可用以下形式表達(dá)：meet with happen to meet meet…by chante run across rtlrlinto用法拓展：e about發(fā)生e to達(dá)到；恢復(fù)知覺 e out出現(xiàn)；(真相)大白；出版．公布：褪色；花開 e up發(fā)芽；發(fā)生；被提出 考題5-1 (典型例題 分 ) How did it that he was hurt so seriously? A. e up B. e across C. e about D. e out 考題5-2 The plan at the meeting was practical. A. e up B. came up C. ing up D. es up 考題5—1點撥：答案為C。How does it e about that…?……是怎樣發(fā)生的? 考題5-2點撥：答案為c。e up在此句中表示“被提出”，本身表被動．是不及物動詞詞組，ing up修飾the plan，句意為：“在會議上被提出的那個計劃切實可行?！? · 6．$ound like聽起來像eg： What he said sounded like a good idea．他所說的聽起來像個好主意。 用法拓展：look like看起來像 smoll I like聞起來像taste like嘗起來像 feel like想要；摸起來像特別提醒：sound，look，smell，feel，taste為系動詞，后面可跟形容詞，名詞，介詞短語作其表語。系動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。 考題6-1…Do you like the materlal? Yes．It very soft． A．is feeling B．felt C．feels D．is felt 考題6-2(典型例題It a good idea to sdend our weekend to gether with Grandma． A．was sounded B．was sounded like C．sounded like D．sound like 考題6—1點撥：答案為c。feel表示“摸起來”時，用作系動詞，后加soft作表語，不用于進(jìn)行時或被動語態(tài)。 考題6—2點撥：答案為c。sound like聽起來像，like是介詞，后接名詞，sound和sound like均不能用于被動句。D項錯在時態(tài)和人稱上。 三、重點交際用語 7．本單元的日常交際用語是“作出決定”及“給出意見”(makmg decisions and giving opi nions)，其常用句型有： I have made up my mind... In my opinion, you should... I think you'd better/yon should... Have you decided how to do it/what to do... ? 考題7-1 (典型例題)--When shall we meet, at 6:00 or at 6:30? A. At any time B. You make the time C. Well, either time will do D. Any time is OK 考題7-2 (典型例題 分 )--How would you like your coffee? A. It's well done B. Very nice. Thank you C. One cup. That's enough D. The stronger, the better 考題7—1點撥：答案為C。從at 6：00。r at 6：30可看出是在兩者之間作決定，well，either time will do．“噢，兩個時間哪個都行。” 考題7—2點撥：答案為D。句意為：“你喜歡怎么喝咖啡?”“越濃越好，?！? 四、重點句型 8．such…that，So．一that．一如此……以至于…… eg：He is sueh a kind man that we a11 like him．=He is so kind a man that we all like him．他是一個如此善良的人以至于我們都喜歡他。 such是形容詞，修飾后面的名詞；so是副詞，修飾后面的形容詞或副詞。 考題8-1 (典型例題)Can you be-lieve that in a rich country there should be many poor people? A. such; such B. such; so C. so; so D. so; such 考題8-2 His speech made deep impression on. the audience that they could hardly forget it. A. such B. so C. so a D. such a 考題8—1點撥：答案為B。such a rich country，運用了such+a+adj．+單數(shù)名詞搭配；so many poor people運用了so+many+復(fù) 數(shù)名詞搭配。 考題8—2點撥：答案為D .impression是可數(shù)名詞，make a deep impression on…給……留下深刻印象，deep修飾了impression，such是形容詞，修飾中心詞impression。 五、詞語辨析 9．believe in，beIieve 相關(guān)鏈接：believe in表示“信任；信仰，贊成”。 eg： You can believe in hira；hei1 never let you down． 你可以信任他，他不會讓你失望的。 believe表示“相信(某人所說的話或某事是真的)”。 eg： I don't be“l(fā)eve him．There is no SUCh thing in the world． 我不相信他所說的，世界上沒有這樣的事。 考題9 He is a good natured person and I him．but I didn't what he said at the meetmg yesterday． A．beleve；believe B．believe；believe in C．belleve in；believe D．believe in；believe in 考題9點撥：答案為C。句意為：“他是個品質(zhì)好的人．我信任他，但我不相信昨天他在會議上所說的話(是真的)。” 10. habit, custom 相關(guān)鏈接：habit指個體的習(xí)慣、習(xí)性；custom多指一個國家、 民族或群體的“風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗”。 eg： It’s a bad habit to smoke．吸煙是不好的習(xí)慣。 It is a custom for faml’lies to get together during Chrlstmas． 圣誕節(jié)期間家人團(tuán)聚是一種習(xí)俗。 考題10(典型例題)It's a in America to fix a time before seeing a doctor. A. sense B. habit C. act D. practice 考題10點拔：答案為D。sense感覺；habit個體的習(xí)慣；act行動；practice慣例。句意為：“在美國看病之前約定時間是一種慣例?！? Ⅲ．語法歸納 精通規(guī)則 游刃有余 定語從句在前面已經(jīng)詳細(xì)講過，這里著重講一下介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句。介詞十關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 本單元講的是介詞+whom/wh；ch弓J導(dǎo)的定語從句。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語時，也就是由于意義或結(jié)構(gòu)上(動詞與介詞及形容詞與介詞搭配)的需要，關(guān)系代詞要帶一個介詞。介詞可以放在whom，which之前，也就是放在從句句首。介詞也可以放在從句中原來的位置，也就是從句的后面。如“這是你花大價錢買的計算機嗎?”我們可用以下形式：①Is this the puter for which you paid a high price?②Is this the puter you paid a high price for?③Is this the puter which you paid a high price for?④Is this the puter that you paid a high price for? 注意：(1)如果把介詞提前，關(guān)系代詞必須保留，而且只能用正式的賓格形式whom或which，不能用that。(2)如果把介詞放在從句后面，關(guān)系代詞whom，which，that大多數(shù)情況下可以省略。(3)如果是含有介詞的短語動詞，不可拆開，不能將介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前。 eg： Is this the boy whom you are looking after?這就是你正在照看的孩子嗎?(4)引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞when，where，why，how，它們的含義也相當(dāng)于一個介詞+ which。 考題 The two t himgs they felt very proud were Jim's gold watch and Della's hair． A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which 考題點撥：答案為B。be proud of sth．以……而感到驕傲，此題以things作先行詞，在后面的定語從句中充當(dāng)of的賓語，緊跟介詞這之后，關(guān)系代詞用which。 Ⅳ．專題探究由點及面 由表及里 專題探究： 專題詳解： 在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，“It be…+從句”的句型被廣泛使用，歸納起來主要有以下八種用法： (一)It be+…who/that(強調(diào)句) 句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：h is/was+被強調(diào)部分+關(guān)系子句。被強調(diào)部分可為：主語、賓語、狀語(表示時間或地點)等。 eg：I met an old friend of mine in the street yesterday．我昨天在街上碰到了我的一個老朋友。 A．It was 1 who/that met an old friend of mine in the street yesterday．昨天是我在街上碰到了我的一個老朋友。 (強調(diào)人稱主語時，用who比that更規(guī)范，后者較口語化。) B．It was an old friend of mine whom/that I met in the street yesterday．昨天我在街上碰到的是我的一個老朋友。 (強調(diào)賓語時，關(guān)系代詞用whom，用that也可以，但較口語化。) C．It was in the street that I met an old friend of mine yesterday． (強調(diào)地點狀語)昨天我是在街上碰到了我的一個老朋友。 D．It was yesterday that I met an old friend of mine in the street． (強調(diào)時間狀語)我是昨天在街上碰見了我的一個老朋友。 另外，原句中有not…until否定結(jié)構(gòu)時。強調(diào)句為：It is/was not until…that… eg：Mr Williams didn't know anything about it until I told him．威廉姆斯先生直到我告訴他，他才知道這事。強調(diào)狀語部分，可以改寫為：It was not until I told him that Mr Williams knew anything about it． 注意：否定詞not提到前面后，關(guān)系子句中要還原肯定的意思。 (二)It be…+since… 在該句型中，since引導(dǎo)的從句動詞可以用過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時。 be動詞可以是：is/was/has been。 eg： It has been only twenty-five years since television came to control Americansiree time．自從電視控制美國人的空閑時間以來僅有二十五年。 lt was long since I had last seen her．/It’s many years since we first met．從我最后一次見到她已有很長時間。/從我們第一次見面以來已有許多年了。 (三)It be…+before… before一詞作連詞時在以下句子中有不同的意義： 1．Look before you leap．在……之前跳之前看一看 2．Before I could 9rotest，he ran away．不等……就不等我抗議，他就跑了。 3．It was a long time before I got to sleep again．……(之后)才過了很長時間我才再次睡著。 4．It wasn't long before he told us about his story．……(不多久)就沒過多久他就告訴了我們他的故事。 例3和例4中before的含義及句型常為測試重點，學(xué)習(xí)者要學(xué)會使用，并且牢固掌握。(四)It be…+when… 在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，作為關(guān)系副詞的when引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。 eg： It was about half past eleven when it happened．事情發(fā)生時大約是十一點半。 It was not until about 1 600BC when the chariot was invented tl'mt the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour．直到公元前1600年戰(zhàn)車被發(fā)明時，最快速度才被提升為每小時二十英里。(五)It is not+that…，but+(that)… It is not that we are more eager or less lazy than our antes— tors，but(that)we have，with the passage of time，invented all sorts of social devices to hasten the process．不是因為我們比我們的祖先更渴望或更勤勞，而是因為隨著時間的流逝，我們發(fā)明了各種各樣的社會裝置來促進(jìn)這一過程。句中that作連詞，意思相當(dāng)于because。 eg： It was not a question now how much money I should have left over for the rest of the month，but whether I had enough to pay the bill．·現(xiàn)在的問題不是我應(yīng)該為這個月剩余的日子留多少錢，而是我是否有足夠的錢付賬單。此句中not…but意為“不是……而是”。but前后連接的從句，即： how much money I should have left over for the rest of the month和whether l had enough to pay the bill是真正意義上的主語。(六)It be+形容詞/過去分詞/名詞+由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句此類句型學(xué)生比較熟悉。 eg： It is noW thought that…(一Now people thought that．．：) It has been found that…(一People have found that…) 括號前的句型往往比括號中的句型更地道。(七)It be+形容詞/過去分詞+由that以外的連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句 該句型中it為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的從句。 eg： It is not known whether agreements have been reached at the meeting．在會議上是否達(dá)成了共識并不知道。 It was not reported how many people were inj ured in the traffic accident．沒有報道有多少人在這次交通事故中受傷。 It hasn't been discovered what kind of virus causes the disease．哪一種病毒導(dǎo)致了這種疾病尚未被發(fā)現(xiàn)。在以上例句中，為避免頭重腳輕．主語從句放在后面。(八)It be true that…，but… 該句型也可以簡寫為：“True that…．but…”，其意義等同于：“Although it be true…”。 eg： It's true that we don't agree on many things．but we have re— mained faithful friends．(一Although it's true that we 4on't agree on many things．we have remained faithful friends．)雖然我們在很多事情上意見不同這一點是真的，但我們?nèi)允侵覍嵉呐笥选?It's true that we have made great success．but we mustn't be con ceited．(一Although it's true that we have made great success，we mustn't be conceited．)雖然我們已取得巨大成功這一點是事實，但我們必須不能驕傲。 注意：It's true that…經(jīng)常和連詞but連用。 ．以上是對“It be…+從句”句型的歸納。如果能用心總結(jié)所學(xué)知—識，使其系統(tǒng)化．并進(jìn)行邏輯記憶，往往會取得事半功倍的效果。 V 考題類型一網(wǎng)打盡 驀然回首 燈火闌珊 回顧1 測試考點 2 (典型例題 He hasn't slept at all for three days. he is tired out. A. There is no point B. There is no need C. It is no wonder D. It is no way 1．c 點撥：It's no wonder…難怪……。句意為：“他三天根本沒睡覺，難怪他疲憊不堪?！? 回顧2 測試語法 (典型例題He was educated at a local grammar school, he went on to Cambridge, A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 2．c點撥：此題考查介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句。句意：他在當(dāng)?shù)匾凰鶎W(xué)校上的學(xué)．之后去了劍橋。 回顧3 測試語法 (典型例題he schools themselves ad- mit that not all children will be successful in the jobs they are being trained. A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which 3．D點撥：定語從句中that一般不與介詞搭配．由句意可知應(yīng)選D。 Ⅳ．2011年高考題預(yù)測 高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚 占盡先機 一、考情預(yù)測 預(yù)測1：wonder+賓語從句句型 預(yù)測根據(jù)：wonder"納悶；想知道”后接賓語從句時，要根據(jù)不同的句型選取不同的連詞，肯定句中用whether，if引導(dǎo)，否定或疑問句中用that引導(dǎo)，這是高考考查的一個重點句型。 命題角度預(yù)測：wonder后接賓語從句句型的考查通常會在單項選擇或短文改錯中進(jìn)行，考生務(wù)必清楚此句型的搭配。 預(yù)測2：It’s no wonder(…)句型 預(yù)測根據(jù)：在口語中表示“難怪(……)八……)不足為奇”時．用It's no wonder(…)表示，這是常用的口語，也是近幾年高考考查的一個熱點。 命題角度預(yù)測：此句型會設(shè)置在單項選擇的交際用語部分或置于聽力部分進(jìn)行考查．可直接表達(dá)為No wonder…要引起我們的注意。 預(yù)測3：名詞power的用法 預(yù)測根據(jù)：名詞power可活用作形容詞．修飾后面的另一個名詞，如power station“發(fā)電站”。power與energy．force，strength等名詞的辨析對考生來說也是一個難點，而高考考題關(guān)于power這個單詞的考查在這兩點上設(shè)置題目的可能性最大。 命題角度預(yù)測：對名詞power的考查，大都會設(shè)在單項選擇上， 且在power與其他幾個詞的辨析上設(shè)置題目。 預(yù)測4：對定語從句的考查 預(yù)測根據(jù)：在高中階段的學(xué)習(xí)中，定語從句的用法把握對學(xué)生來說也是一個重點和難點，高考題中對定語從句的考查每年都有．考情預(yù)測 年高考英語對定語從句的考查將繼續(xù)設(shè)題。 命題角度預(yù)測：對定語從句的考查的題目會設(shè)置在單項選擇或完形填空方面。 預(yù)測5：話題預(yù)測 本單元的中心話題是“藝術(shù)與文學(xué)”，具體涉及繪畫、電影、戲劇、音樂、小說等內(nèi)容，語言知識教學(xué)和語言技能訓(xùn)練都是圍繞這些話題展開的。考情預(yù)測 年高考可能會在閱讀理解中涉及此類話題，在書面表達(dá)中出現(xiàn)此類話題的可能性較大，如讓考生設(shè)計一場電影或音樂會的海報。 二、考題預(yù)測 [備考1]測試考點1 He is a person full of _ _ A. force B. power C. energy D. source 1．c點撥：full of energy精力充沛，在句子中充當(dāng)了person的后置定語。 [備考2]測試考點 2 He is'clever and works very. hard. he has got the first prize in the petition. A. It's a wonder B. I wonder C. No wonder D. As if 2．C點撥：No wonder…一It's no wonder…難怪……;(……)不足為奇。 [備考3]測試考點 4 You can't imagine the trouble that he had the job. A. to finish B. finished C. finishing D. having finished 3．c點撥：考查句式have trouble doing sth．“干某事有困難”,trouble充當(dāng)imagine的賓語，that作關(guān)系代詞，指代trouble， 充當(dāng)had的賓語。所以后面要加doing形式。句意為：“你想像不出他完成這項工作的困難?！? [備考4]測試考點 6 After "the meeting, I felt like ,to breathe in fresh air. A. go out B. to go out C. going out D. went out 4.C點撥：feel like doing想要干……。 [備考5]測試考點 8 I can't understand why little ani-mals can eat much rice. A. so; so B. such; so C. so; such D. such; such 5．B點撥：such little animals這么小的動物，such是形容詞，修飾中心詞animals，so much。rice這么多的米，so是副詞，修飾形容詞much，much修飾rice。 [備考6]測試考點 7 --I don't have any change with me. Will you pay the fare for me? ___ A. That's fine B. Nothing serious C. Never mind D. No problem 6．D點撥：這是一句交際用語，句意為：“我身上沒帶零錢，你能為我付費嗎?”沒問題?！? [備考7]測試語法 Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes people were eaten by the tiger. A. that B. by which C. which D. in which 7．D點撥：空格處應(yīng)填入定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，句意為；“peoplewere eaten b)r the tiger in the scene'’，所以與in搭配，選D。