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走向高考 · 英語,路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版(課標卷地區(qū)) · 高考總復習,Unit 2 Cloning,選修八,第一部分 基礎知識聚焦,Ⅰ.單詞速記 A．識記單詞 1．_____________ (adj.) 簡單的；直接的；坦率的 2．___________ (n.) 突破 3．___________ (adv.) 總共；完全地 4．___________ (vt.) 獲得；贏得 5．___________ (vt.) 獲得；到達(水平、年齡、狀況等) 6．___________ (vt. & vi.) 積累；聚積 7．___________ (vt.) 欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于……,straightforward breakthrough altogether obtain attain accumulate owe,8．________ (vt.) 打擾 (vi.) 操心 (n.) 煩擾 9．________ (adj.) 虛榮的；自負的；徒勞的 10．________ (vt.) 抵抗；對抗 11．________ (n.) 缺點；不利條件 12．________ (vt.) 崇拜；愛慕；喜愛,bother vain resist drawback adore,B．聯(lián)想串記 13．__________ (vi.)不同；相異 →____________ (adj.)不同的；與眾不同的 →____________ (n.)差異；不同 14．__________ (vt.)著手；從事；承擔 →____________ (過去式) →____________ (過去分詞) 15．__________ (vt.)扔；投；擲 →____________/________(過去式/過去分詞),differ different difference undertake undertook undertaken cast cast,cast,16．__________ (vi.)反對；不贊成 →____________ (n.)不贊成；反對；異議 17．__________ (vt.)禁止；不準 →____________/__________(過去式) →____________(過去分詞) 18．__________ (vi.)退休；離開 →____________ (n.)退休 19．__________ (vi. & vt. & n．)打；撞擊；罷工 →_____________/__________(過去式/過去分詞),object objection forbid forbade,forbad,forbidden retire retirement strike struck,struck,Ⅱ.短語互譯 1．得到好結果；取得成功；償清 ________________ 2．反對 ________________ 3．贊成；支持 ________________ 4．一定或注定(做)…… ________________ 5．不時；偶爾 ________________ 6．使復生；使復活 ________________,pay off object to in favour of (be) bound to (do). from time to time bring back to life,7．cast down ________________ 8．strike.into one's heart ________________ 9．in vain ________________ 10．in good/poor condition ______________________ 11．owe.to. ________________ 12．have a great impact on ________________,使沮喪；使失望 使……刻骨銘心 白費力氣；枉費心機 狀況很好(壞)；情況很好(壞) 把……歸功于…… 對……有很大影響,Ⅲ.典句析練 1．that引導的同位語從句 Then came the disturbing news ___________________ ___________ (多莉病重)． 【仿寫】他在倫敦奧運會上獲得金牌的消息很快傳遍了家鄉(xiāng)。 The news ______________ spread quickly in his hometown.,2．whether引導的賓語從句 However, scientists still wonder _______________ (克隆技術會幫助我們還是傷害我們) and where it is leading us. 【仿寫】從他臉上我們看不出他是高興還是難過。 We cannot tell from his face _____________________. 3．疑問詞＋插入語＋其他部分 ______________________________(你認為什么是) the writer's point of view in this reading passage? 【仿寫】你認為他為什么從足球隊中退役？ _____________________ he retired from the football team?,答案：1. that Dolly had become seriously ill；that he won a gold medal at the London Olympics 2．whether cloning will help or harm us; whether he is happy or sad 3．What do you think is；Why do you think,Ⅳ.課文縮寫語法填空 Cloning is a way of making an __1__(exactly) copy of an animal or plant. It has two major uses. Firstly, it is __2__(value) for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. __3__，it is a difficult task to undertake. __4__ the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very __5__(encourage). Then came the disturbing news that Dolly was seriously ill. __6__， Dolly lived six and a half years，which is the half length of an original sheep.,On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of __7__(object) and had a great impact __8__ the media and public imagination. It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illness and even to produce human beings. However, scientists still wonder __9__ cloning will help or harm us and __10__ it is leading us. 答案：1.exact 2.valuable 3.However 4.On 5.encouraging 6．Altogether 7.objections 8.on 9.whether 10.where,1.differ v．不同；相異,They are sisters but they are __________ __________ (不同于) each other in their habits and they also __________ __________ (不同) each other in many ways. But that __________ __________ __________ __________(不受影響)． 答案：①different from ②differ from ③doesn't make any difference,2．undertake (undertook，undertaken) vt.著手；從事；承擔 [教材原句]It is a difficult task to undertake.(P11) 這是一項很難完成的任務。,①She __________ the responsibility for the changes. 她承擔了這些變革的責任。 ②He __________ __________ he would finish the job by Friday.＝He __________ __________ __________ the job by Friday. 他答應在星期五之前完成這項工作。 答案：①undertook ②undertook that；undertook to finish,3．object vi.反對；不贊成 n．物體；目標 If nobody objects, we'll postpone the meeting till next week.(P12) 如果沒有人反對，我們就把會議推遲到下周。,[名師點撥] object表示“反對”時，為不及物動詞，加賓語時需加介詞to，而oppose表示“反對”時，為及物動詞，可直接加賓語。 ①Robson strongly __________ __________ the terms of the contract. 羅布森強烈反對合同中的條款。 ②People ________ ________ ________ loud noises in public places. 人們反對在公共場所大聲喧嘩。,③We ________ ________ ________ ________ like this. 我們抗議這種待遇。 答案：①objected to ②object to making ③object to being treated,4．forbid vt.(forbade/forbad，forbidden)禁止；不準 [教材原句]Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning.(P12) 有些政府開始改革他們的法律制度，禁止進行克隆人的研究……,①The doctor has __________ __________ __________. 大夫禁止我吃糖。 ②The law __________ __________ on farmland. 法律不允許在農田上搞建筑。 ③My father __________ __________ __________ play computer games unless I finish all my homework. 除非我做完所有的作業(yè)，否則爸爸不準我玩電腦游戲。,④Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you. 請注意：在圖書館吃食物和水果是被禁止的，但你可以喝飲料、吃糖果。 ⑤He forbade them from mentioning the subject again. 他不準他們再提這個話題。 答案：①forbidden me sugar ②forbids building ③forbids me to,5．owe vt.欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于……，應感謝 [教材原句]You owe the lady an apology.(P13) 你必須向這位女士道歉。,①We still __________ __________ __________ for those repairs. 我們還欠他一百美元的修理費。 ②I __________ my progress of music __________ my mother. 我把在音樂上所取得的進步歸功于我媽媽。 ③Was it __________ __________ bad weather that they had to change the schedule of leaving? 是由于惡劣的天氣，他們才不得不改變離開的時間的嗎？ 答案：①owe him $100 ②owe；to ③owing to,6．bother vt.打擾 vi.操心 n．煩擾,①Don't __________ __________ __________ __________； I am doing quite well. 別為我操心，我一切都好。 ②He didn't even __________ __________ __________ me know he was coming. 他甚至都沒通知我他要來。 ③I don't want to __________ __________ __________ my problems at the moment. 此刻我不想讓她為我的事情操心。,④I don't want to __________ __________ __________ __________ __________. 我不想給你添亂。 答案：①bother yourself about me ②bother to let ③bother her with ④put you to any bother,[名師點撥] resist后不可用不定式作賓語，要用名詞或動名詞。 答案：①resisted the temptation ②couldn't resist having,8．strike (struck；struck) vt. & vi.打；撞擊；罷工；襲擊；報時；劃(火柴) n．罷工 觀察句子，寫出黑體部分的含義 ①The clock has just struck 10.( ) ②It struck me that no one was at home.( ) ③He struck the table a heavy blow angrily.( ) ④The girl struck a match and lit a candle.( ) ⑤She was struck by his kindness.( ) ⑥They have been on strike for several days.( ) ⑦A big earthquake struck the area last week.( ),⑧I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations. 我依然喜歡記錄書本或者觀察中的給我印象深刻的觀點和語錄。,[巧學助記] 答案：①報時 ②突然想起 ③打，擊 ④劃(火柴) ⑤打動 ⑥罷工 ⑦襲擊,,1.pay off 取得成功，達到目的；償清；(付清工資后)解雇 觀察句子，寫出黑體部分的含義。 ①Did your plan pay off？( ) ②Her debts were not fully paid off until last year.( ) ③When the building was completed, he paid off the workers.( ) ④His hard work in college paid off at last. He has become a famous scientist.( ),[名師點撥] pay off表示“得到回報；取得成功”時為不及物動詞短語，不用于被動語態(tài)。 ⑤These efforts paid off, and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast-food chains in the regions where it operated. 這些努力得到了回報，Sparrow很快成為當地最成功的連鎖快餐之一。 答案：①取得成功 ②還清 ③(付清工資后)解雇 ④得到回報,2．(be) bound to (do).一定或注定(做)……；有責任或義務(做)…… [教材原句]Dolly's death, like her birth, was bound to raise worries.(P14) 多莉之死正如它的出世一樣，肯定會帶來焦慮。 The marriage based on money __________ __________ __________break up. 建立在金錢基礎上的婚姻是肯定要破裂的。 答案：is bound to,3．in good (bad) condition狀況(情況)很好(壞),[名師點撥] condition指自身條件時用單數，指周圍環(huán)境時用復數。 ①The oranges, which are now ____________________ __________， may soon rot __________ present __________. 這些桔子現在很好，但在目前環(huán)境很快就會腐爛。 ②Travellers are advised not to fly because of ______ __________ __________. 因為天氣情況惡劣，旅行者們被勸告不要乘飛機。,③The employees agreed to speak to us __________ __________ __________ they wouldn't be named. 那幾位雇員同意與我們談談，條件是不要說出他們的名字。 答案：①in good condition；under；conditions ②poor weather conditions ③on condition that,4．in vain白費力氣；枉費心機 ①I hope our efforts won't be __________ __________. 我希望我們的努力不會白費。 ②I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but __________ __________. 我已經非常努力地想找到這個問題的解決方法，但是白費力氣。,答案：①in vain ②in vain,that引導的同位語從句 [教材原句]The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.(P11) 她(多莉羊)似乎生長正常的事實很鼓舞人心。 ①_____________________________________________ surprises many people. 計算機能夠識別人的聲音，這一想法使許多人感到驚奇。 ②The government gave ____________ in three weeks. 政府下令三個星期內所有這些房子都要拆掉。,③The question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet. 我們是否該繼續(xù)實驗的問題還沒有被解決。 ④I have no idea where the new library will be built. 我不知道新圖書館將要建在哪里。 [名師點撥] 切莫誤認為能引導同位語從句的連詞只有that，根據句子內容的要求還有when，where，whether等。,[方法規(guī)律](1)that引導同位語從句，對被修飾詞進行解釋說明，that僅起連接的作用，無意義，但不能省略。 (2)常見的后接同位語從句的抽象名詞有：fact，news，hope，idea，doubt，thought等。 (3)在suggestion，advice，request，order等意為“建議、要求、命令”的詞后，同位語從句的謂語動詞通常為： should＋do，should可以省略。 答案：①The idea that computers can recognize human voice ②the order that all these houses (should) be pulled down,同位語從句 1．__________ was known to them that the boss had broken his promise __________ he would give them a rise. 答案：It；that 考查固定句型及名詞性從句。句意為：他們知道，老板違背了給他們漲工資的承諾。 第一空為It be known to sb. that結構，意為“某人知道……”，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的that從句；第二空用that來引導同位語從句，來解釋說明promise的具體內容。,2．—Jane gets on well with her classmates. —Yes, I have no idea __________ she gets on well with her classmates. 答案：how 考查同位語從句。句意為：“Jane和她的同學們關系融洽?！薄笆堑模也恢浪侨绾魏屯瑢W相處的?！备鶕湟饪芍?，應用how來引導同位語從句，解釋說明idea的具體內容。,3．—Are you in favour of Tom' s suggestion __________ we work around the clock to meet the deadline? —No. But __________ Jimmy suggested to me sounds practical. 答案：that; what 考查名詞性從句。分析句子結構可知，第一空引導同位語從句，是對suggestion的解釋，且從句中不缺成分，故用that來引導。第二空引導主語從句，并在從句中作動詞的賓語，故用what引導。,4．A project has recently been launched by the charity organization __________ people should donate books to remote mountainous schools. 答案：that 考查同位語從句。句意為：那個慈善機構最近發(fā)起一項活動，即人們應該向偏遠山區(qū)的學校捐書。根據句意可知，空后的內容是對A project的解釋說明，且句子不缺少成分，故用that引導同位語從句。,5．The problem will appear __________ a different welfare system will be created. 答案：whether 考查同位語從句。句意為：是否創(chuàng)立一個不同的社會福利體系這個問題將會出現。這是一個分隔式的同位語從句，根據句意可知用whether來引導此同位語從句，表示“是否”。if不引導同位語從句。,1．(2014·江蘇改編)—Dad, I don't think Oliver the right sort of person for the job. —I see.I'll go right away and pay him__________. 答案：off 考查動詞短語。句意： ——爸爸，我認為奧利弗不是做這項工作的適當人選?！颐靼住Ｎ疫@就去結賬讓他走人。pay sb. off付清工資后解雇(某)人，符合題意。,2．(2014·重慶改編)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea __________ he did it; that's one of his favorite universities. 答案：why 考查同位語從句。句意：——麥克昨天拒絕了耶魯大學的錄取，是真的嗎？——是的，但是我不清楚他為什么這么做，耶魯大學是他喜歡的大學之一。why引導的從句作idea的同位語，由句意可知表示原因。,3．(2012·安徽改編)The athlete's years of hard training paid __________ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. 答案：off pay off意思指“得到好結果，取得成功”。句意：獲得了奧運會金牌，這名運動員的多年艱苦訓練取得了回報。,