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在閱讀語篇中我們常常遇到一些代詞，如it, they, that, this, which, as, so等，其中it, that, this等代詞在語篇中出現(xiàn)的頻率較高，它們不僅能起指代作用，用來代替上下文涉及到的人、事或物，同時還能起到承上啟下，體現(xiàn)語篇中各個句子之間的銜接關(guān)系。,代詞在閱讀理解中的兩種考法,代詞一般是“回指”前面提到過的某一事物或內(nèi)容。如： Our curtains look dirty. They need a good wash. (They回指our curtains) 但有時也“預(yù)指”后面出現(xiàn)的某一事物或內(nèi)容。如： I shall say this to you: he is an honest man. (this預(yù)指冒號后面的he is an honest man),高考的閱讀理解題中有關(guān)代詞的指代關(guān)系的考查，主要有兩類： 1.直接要求考生指出代詞所指的具體內(nèi)容 [例1](2013廣東) However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing.,In Paragraph 2, the underlined word “that” refers to ______. A. being good at something B. setting a practical goal C. putting in more time D. succeeding in life,解析：選B。本題考查要求考生弄清that指代的內(nèi)容，“除此之外”中的“此(that)”到底是指什么？當(dāng)然是回指前句中的set a goal and then gradually make it more practical，故選B。,B,2.間接考查考生對代詞指代內(nèi)容的把握 因為代詞在上下文或上下句中起語義的銜接作用，在解答某些細節(jié)題時，如果不弄清代詞的指代內(nèi)容，就很難選出正確的答案。解題中，考生需要利用代詞的回指或預(yù)指來理清上下句的銜接關(guān)系，從而找到問題的答案。,[例2](2009廣東)It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness, felt herself being pulled along the ground, and saw someone else holding her purse.,When did Lisa become conscious again? A. When the train was leaving. B. After she was back on the platform. C. After the police and fire officials came. D. When a man was cleaning the blood from her head.,B,解析：B。解答本題的關(guān)鍵是理解 “That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness (那就是麗莎蘇醒的地方)”中的that到底是指什么。結(jié)合前句，不難看出that是回指the platform的，故正確選項是B。,1. The underlined word “that” refers to “_____”. A. hearing loss B. using a special microphone C. lip-reading D. attending a course on lip reading,即學(xué)即用,解析：C。結(jié)合that所在句的句意及上下文意義的銜接，可知that是回指lip-reading。,C,2. Some friendships don’t last long because ____. A. there are too many people who want to make friends B. some people receive friendship but don’t give friendship back C. those who give others friendship receive friendship from others D. they don’t know friendship is something serious,解析：B。 因That is why…中that是回指前面一句的內(nèi)容，故選B。,B,3. What does the underlined word “it” in refer to? A. The beach. B. The water. C. The boat. D. The wind. 解析：D。 本題要求考生弄清it是回指文中的什么內(nèi)容，從上文中a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water可知，it指的是the wind，所以答案是D。,D,4. The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ______. A. they offer their help B. they receive others’ help C. they feel others’ kindness D. they show their weakness,A,解析：A。解答本題的關(guān)鍵是理解此段最后一句中的代詞it到底是指什么。結(jié)合上文可知，它回指的是前文中的“hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat”，人們的這些行為概括地說，就是offer their help，故正確選項是A。,5. Some cats and dogs may fight when ______. A. they are cold to each other B. they look away from each other C. they misunderstood each other’s signals D. they are introduced at an early age,C,解析：C。 解答此題的關(guān)鍵是理解One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite中的代詞this到底是指什么。根據(jù)行文邏輯，可知this是回指 (between the cat and dog) fighting，即“貓狗打架”的一個原因是它們的“肢體訊號是相反的”，訊號相反就容易誤解，當(dāng)雙方誤解了對方的肢體訊號時就會打架。故正確選項是C。,