高考英語 詞法 第7講 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣課件.ppt
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第7講 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣,1. (2013·安徽高考)It ______ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words. A. may B. couldn’t C. should D. needn’t 【解析】選B??疾榍閼B(tài)動詞。句意:根本不可能是詞匯造成了你練習中的問題,因為你掌握了許多單詞。根據(jù)句意可知本題考查的是對現(xiàn)在的否定推測,故選B。may “可能”;should“應該”;needn’t“不需要”。,2. (2013·新課標全國卷Ⅱ)Since nobody gave him any help, he ______ have done the research on his own. A. can B. must C. would D. need 【解析】選B??疾榍閼B(tài)動詞表示推測。句意:因為沒有人幫助他,他一定獨自完成了這項研究。can表示推測時,常用于否定句和疑問句,用于肯定句時,表示理論上對客觀情況的推測;must表示推測時,只能用于肯定句,推測的可能性很大,可譯為“一定”;would常用于虛擬,不用于推測;need表示推測時,常用于否定句。由此可知選B。,3. (2013·重慶高考)—What are you doing this Saturday? —I’m not sure, but I ______ go to the Rolling Stones concert. A. must B. would C. should D. might 【解析】選D。考查情態(tài)動詞。句意:——你這個周六要干什么?——不太確定。我可能去滾石樂隊的音樂會。由“不太確定”可以判斷應該選擇可能性不是很大的情態(tài)動詞might,故選D;A項表示“必定,必然”;B項為“will”的過去式,往往表示意愿或請求;C項表示“應該”。,4. (2013·湖南高考)He ______ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. A. wouldn’t B. shouldn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 【解析】選C??疾榍閼B(tài)動詞。句意:當他正尋找一個主意的時候,盡管他試圖入睡,但是他就是無法睡著,直到把主意想出來。could表能力,意為“能夠,可以”, couldn’t是其否定形式。,5. (2013·江西高考)When I was a child, I ______ watch TV whenever I wanted to. A. should B. could C. must D. need 【解析】 選B??疾榍閼B(tài)動詞。句意:當我是一個孩子的時候,無論什么時候想看電視都可以。could在此表示“可以”。,6. (2013·天津高考)No one ______ be more generous, he has a heart of gold. A. could B. must C. dare D. need 【解析】選A??疾榍閼B(tài)動詞。句意:沒有人能比他更慷慨大方,他擁有一顆金子般(高尚)的心靈。could可能;must必須,一定(表示非??隙ǖ牟聹y,不用于否定句);dare敢;need需要。根據(jù)句意選A。,7. (2013·遼寧高考)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ______ too much at the party last night. A. could drink B. should drink C. would have drunk D. must have drunk 【解析】選D??疾榍閼B(tài)動詞的用法。句意: Harry感到不舒服。他一定是在昨晚的聚會上喝了太多的酒。根據(jù)句意是對發(fā)生在過去的情況的推測,用must have done。,8. (2013·陜西高考)The children ______ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get 【解析】選A。考查情態(tài)動詞。句意:孩子們一定在森林里迷路了;否則他們會按照預定時間來到湖邊營地的。根據(jù)后半句“would have been”可知是對過去事情的虛擬,must have done表示對過去發(fā)生的事情的肯定推測,根據(jù)句意,應選A。,9. (2013·浙江高考)I ______ myself more—it was a perfect day. A. shouldn’t have enjoyed B. needn’t have enjoyed C. wouldn’t have enjoyed D. couldn’t have enjoyed 【解析】選D。考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。句意:我玩得再開心不過了——這是完美的一天。D項表示不可能做過……,這里是用比較級的否定形式表示最高級的意思,故選D。A項表示本不該做卻做了……;B項表示本不必做卻做了……;C項將不會做……,用于與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣。,10. (2013·浙江高考)Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ______ at the age of six months old. A. was B. be C. were D. is 【解析】選B??疾樘摂M語氣。句意:眼科醫(yī)生建議,孩子的第一次眼睛檢查應該在6個月大時進行。recommend建議,其賓語從句中用should do表虛擬語氣,且should可以省略。故選B。,11. (2013·北京高考)If we ______ a table earlier, we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue. A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked 【解析】選D??疾樘摂M語氣。句意:如果我們早些預訂餐桌,現(xiàn)在就不會站在這里排隊了。此題為混合虛擬條件句,主句是與現(xiàn)在事實相反,從句與過去事實相反,故從句使用過去完成時。,12. (2013·福建高考)—Do you think George has passed the driving test? —No. If so, he ______ his car to our college yesterday. A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven 【解析】選C??疾樘摂M語氣。句意:——你認為喬治已經(jīng)通過駕照考試了嗎?——沒有。如果通過了,昨天他就已經(jīng)開車去我們大學了。由yesterday可知本句是與過去事實相反的假設,所填處是主句的謂語動詞,故用would have done的形式,因此選C。,熱點考向 1 情態(tài)動詞表示推測 1. 主要考點: (1)表示推測的詞義用法 ①must常用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句和疑問句;can常用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中,表示疑惑、驚訝或不相信等意思。could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句和疑問句中;,②could,should,might不一定與過去時間有關,而是表示可能性弱于與其相應的現(xiàn)在時形式; ③should/ought to表示推測時,表示確定或可能性大的合乎理想的情況或結果。,(2)表示推測的程度比較,2. 突破技巧: (1)體會語境,把握說話者的口氣,通過說話者口氣推測強 弱; (2)把握句式,選取合適的表示推測的情態(tài)動詞。 【真題變式】用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空。 (2012·四川高考)I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao” just as I ______ do in China. 我離他們足夠近,能聽到他們在講中文,就像在中國我也許 會做的那樣,我說了一句“你好”。,might,熱點考向 2 情態(tài)動詞表示請求、允諾、允許 1. 主要考點: (1)can表示允許或許可(口語中常用) —Could I use your bike tomorrow? ——明天我可以用一下你的自行車嗎? —Yes, you can. (No, I’m afraid not. ) ——是的,你可以。(不,恐怕不行。),(2)will/would表示請求、建議,用在問句中時would比較委婉 Will you close the window? 請你把窗戶關上好嗎? Won’t you drink some more coffee? 要不要再來一點咖啡?,(3)shall用于征求對方意見、許諾、命令、警告、威脅等 ①shall用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中時表示征求意見。 Shall I get you some tea? 我給你倒點茶好嗎? Shall the boy wait outside? 讓那男孩在外面等好嗎? ②shall用于第二、三人稱的陳述句時,往往表示給對方(you)或第三者(he, she, they)以允諾、命令、決心、警告或威脅等, 在法律、條約、協(xié)定等文件中可以表示義務、規(guī)定等。 You shall get a birthday present. 你會得到一份生日禮物的。(允諾),You shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 我告訴你,有一天你會為此后悔的。(警告) Each citizen shall carry his identification card when travelling. 旅游時每個市民務必帶上身份證。(規(guī)定),2. 突破技巧: (1)通過句式把握請求語氣; (2)通過人稱、語境辨別允許、許諾、威脅、命令、警告等語氣。 【真題變式】翻譯句子。 (2012·遼寧高考)One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. _______________________________________________,我們的規(guī)定之一就是每個學生在校期間應該穿校服。,熱點考向 3 情態(tài)動詞表示必要性 1. 考查內(nèi)容: (1)must必須,應該(表主觀要求) 【注意】①mustn’t表示“禁止” ②當must用于疑問句時,其否定回答是No, . . . needn’t/don’t have to.,(2)should/ought to表示“應當,應該(表義務、責任)” ought to與should意思大體相同,但ought to語氣比should重,往往表示從法律或道義上“應該”。 You are his father and ought to take care of him. 你是他父親,應當照顧他。(有責任,從道義上應該) Young people should show respect to the old. 年輕人應該尊重老年人。,(3)have to表示“只好,不得不(客觀的必須,有時態(tài)及人稱變化)” have to表示“必須,不得不”,這個意義與must很接近,但must表示主觀意志,而have to表示由于客觀因素不得不做某事。 I told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必須戒煙。 I have to hand in my term paper before 5: 00 p. m. today. 我必須在今天下午5點前交學期論文。,2. 突破技巧: (1)把握說話者口氣,根據(jù)語境品味“必須;必要;一定”含義; (2)理清應該、有責任、有義務做某事; (3)注意客觀、主觀的“不得不”的區(qū)別。,【真題變式】翻譯句子。 (2012·重慶高考)—Must you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone? —Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent. ——_______________________________________________ _________ ——對不起先生,但是事情很急。,你一定要/必須此時打擾我嗎?難道你沒有看到我在打,電話嗎?,熱點考向 4 情態(tài)動詞表示能力 1. 考查內(nèi)容:can/could與be able to辨析 (1)時態(tài)區(qū)別 情態(tài)動詞can只有兩種時態(tài)形式,現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could,而be able to有多種時態(tài)形式。 Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was five. 瑪麗會彈鋼琴,她5歲起就會彈了。,(2)語境結果區(qū)別 表示過去的能力時,was/were able to表示經(jīng)過一番努力后取得了成功。相當于manage to do或succeed in doing, 而could沒有這個含義。 Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前趕到了家里。,2. 突破方法: (1)通過時態(tài)把握各自用法; (2)通過語境把握自身能力與努力取得的辨析。 【真題變式】用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空。 (2012·新課標全國卷Ⅱ)I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ____ find the money.,can,熱點考向 5 情態(tài)動詞+have done用法 1. 命題角度: (1)表示“后怕、責備或遺憾”。,(2)表示“對過去事實的推斷”。,2. 突破方法: (1)通過句意把握“原本……;現(xiàn)在……”; (2)通過語境把握“對過去情況的猜測”。 【真題變式】翻譯句子。 (2012·江蘇高考)—Happy birthday! —Thank you! It’s the best present I could have wished for. ——生日快樂! ——謝謝!_________________________________,這是我原本希望能得到的最好禮物。,熱點考向 6 情態(tài)動詞的其他含義 1. 考查內(nèi)容: (1)情態(tài)動詞need和dare的用法 ①need和dare作情態(tài)動詞時常用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中,無人稱和數(shù)的變化,疑問句和否定句中不加助動詞。 Need I telephone him now? 需要我現(xiàn)在打電話給他嗎? She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一個人出去。,②need和dare用作實義動詞時,有詞形變化,變成否定句、疑問句時,要加助動詞。 You don’t need to do it yourself. 你不必親自做這件事。 We should dare to give our own opinion. 我們要敢于提出自己的觀點。,(2)幾個可以表示某一特定的語氣或態(tài)度的情態(tài)動詞 ①can可以用來表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度,主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。 How can you be so careless? 你怎么這么粗心? ②must用于條件句或疑問句中,可以用來表示責備、抱怨的感情色彩,意為“偏要、硬要”。 Why must you be so late? 你為何非要這么晚呢?,③may表示愿望、祝福時,有“但愿,祝……”之意。 May you succeed! 祝你成功! ④should表示驚訝、不以為然等情緒,用于某些句型中,多譯為“竟然”。 It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 這種事情竟然發(fā)生在我的身上,好像不公平。,⑤will的用法 will表示“意愿、意志”,would表示過去時間的“意愿、意志”。will/would還可以表示某種傾向或習慣性動作,意為“總會,老是”,其否定結構意為“不肯,不能”。 I will do anything for you. 我愿意為你做任何事。 The door won’t open. 這門打不開。 Every time she was in trouble, she would turn to him for help. 每次遇到麻煩她都會向他求助。,(3)情態(tài)動詞的一些習慣用法 ①cannot/can never. . . too或cannot. . . enough表示“無論怎么……也不過分;越……越好”。 You cannot be too careful. 你越細心越好。 ②cannot help doing. . . /cannot help but do. . . /cannot but do. . . 表示“禁不住;不得不”。 I couldn’t help jumping up when I saw him. 一看到他,我情不自禁地跳了起來。 I cannot but admire his bravery. 我不得不佩服他的勇敢。,③“may/might as well+動詞原形”表示“還不如,不妨”,相當于had better。 It is very late, so you may/might as well go to bed. 夜深了,不妨去睡吧。,2. 突破方法: (1)掌握固定句式,相應考題使用句式突破; (2)把握情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法,通過語境、句意選取合適的 情態(tài)動詞。 【真題變式】用恰當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空。 (2012·天津高考)It’s quite warm here; we _______ turn the heating on yet.,needn’t,【命題小試】 請根據(jù)以下對話內(nèi)容命制一道考查情態(tài)動詞的題目。 I can’t thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 【參考答案】I ______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. shan’t 【解析】選B。根據(jù)常識對他人幫助的感謝,意思應該為“再怎么感謝也不為過”,can’t. . . too much有此意。,熱點考向 7 虛擬語氣 1. 考查內(nèi)容: (1)條件句中的虛擬語氣 a. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反 從句謂語動詞:過去式(be用were) 主句謂語動詞:should/would/could/might+動詞原形 If they were attacked, these cars would be strong enough to protect them.,b. 與過去事實相反 從句謂語動詞:had+過去分詞 主句謂語動詞:should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞 If he had not been in an open car, he wouldn’t have been shot.,c. 與將來事實相反 從句謂語動詞:過去式/were+不定式/should+動詞原形 主句謂語動詞:should/would/could/might+動詞原形 If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. 注意:如果在表示虛擬語氣的條件句中含有were, had或should, 可將if省略, 然后將were, had或should移至主語之前 Had we made a great effort, we might have succeeded. (=If we had made a great effort. . . ),(2)從句中的虛擬語氣 a. 賓語從句 ①demand, suggest, order, insist后接的從句中動詞為(should+)動詞原形 He suggested that we (should) not change our mind. ②wish后的從句中的謂語動詞分別用一般過去式、過去完成式和should/would+動詞原形,它們分別表示與現(xiàn)在、過去和將來情況相反 I wish I could be a pop singer.,b. 主語從句 在“It is necessary/important/strange/suggested/demanded/ ordered/requested+that從句”中,謂語動詞用should+動詞原形 It is strange that such a person should be our friend.,c. 表語從句和同位語從句 在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣,其構成是“should+動詞原形”, should可以省略 My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it. 我的意見是在接受之前我們要反復考慮。 We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for a visit. 我們都同意他讓我們?nèi)ゴ筮B旅游的建議。,(3)特殊句式中的虛擬語氣 a. 混合條件句的虛擬語氣 有時條件句的動作與主句動作發(fā)生的時間不一致, 這時動詞的形式應根據(jù)它們表示的時間加以調(diào)整 If it had rained last night, it would be very cool today.,b. 含蓄條件句的虛擬語氣 ①用連詞otherwise, or, but等暗示前面表示虛擬 ②用but for,without, given等介詞(短語)表示條件 The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain.,c. 其他句型 ①would rather所接的從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去式(對現(xiàn)在虛擬)或者過去完成式(對過去虛擬) I would rather you stayed at home now. ②It is (high) time (that). . . 句型中謂語動詞用一般過去式或should+動詞原形, should不可省略 It’s high time that we left.,③if only后面的謂語動詞常用一般過去式(對現(xiàn)在虛擬)、過去完成式(對過去虛擬)與過去將來式(對將來虛擬),表示強烈的愿望 If only our dream had come true! ④as if引導的狀語從句中動詞用過去式或過去完成式 They are talking as if they had been friends for years. 2. 突破技巧: (1)品味從句中的語氣,把握虛擬句子的特點; (2)掌握特殊句式,運用恰當句式的適當動詞形式來突破。,【真題變式】用動詞的適當形式完成下面句子。 (2012·遼寧高考)Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he ______________(do) something instead of just talking.,should do或did,易錯點 1 誤用情態(tài)動詞+have done結構 (母題)We ______ have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner. A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t 【解析】選B。句意:既然Suzie不與我們共進晚餐,我們本不需要買這么多的食物。根據(jù)語境“不共進晚餐”推知“不需要買這么多的食物”,故needn’t have done意思為“本不需要做……”符合題意。,(變式)Suzie ______ have bought so much food now that she recently wants to lose weight. A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t 【解析】選C。句意:既然Suzie近期想減肥,她不可能買這么多食物。根據(jù)生活常識“減肥”則“購買食物不會太多”,故用can’t have done形式表示對過去發(fā)生情況的否定推測。,【誤區(qū)點撥】 ①準確掌握各類情態(tài)動詞+have done的意義; ②抓住“原本……”與“推測”的語境區(qū)別。,易錯點 2 虛擬語氣時間段判斷失誤 (母題)Maybe if I ______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying 【解析】選C??疾樘摂M語氣的用法。句意:或許當初我要是學了理科而不是文學,現(xiàn)在就能給你更多的幫助。句子前后為混合型虛擬語氣,主句是與現(xiàn)在情況相反的假設用would do形式;但從句根據(jù)時間狀語then表示過去的時間,則判定if引導的從句是對過去的虛擬,因此使用過去完成時。,(變式)Maybe if I had studied science, and not literature, I ______ admitted into Tsinghua University. A. would be B. would C. would have been D. was 【解析】選C。句意:或許當初我要是學了理科而不是文學,就會被清華大學錄取了。根據(jù)語境前后句子均為對過去發(fā)生情況的假設,故從句用had done形式;主句用would have done形式,答案C合適。,【誤區(qū)點撥】 ①通過語境把握動作發(fā)生的時間段; ②通過對虛擬語氣基本形式的掌握恰當使用虛擬語氣中具體的構成形式。,1. Mr. Smith is on time for everything.How ______ he be late for the ceremony? A. will B. can C. shall D. may 【解析】選B??疾榍閼B(tài)動詞表示推測。句意:史密斯先生做任何事情都準時。對于這次儀式他怎么可能遲到呢?根據(jù)語境“對于遲到的推測”并且用于疑問句,故can合適。,2. No student ______ go out of school for snacks during the break without the teacher’s permission. A. will B. must C. shall D. may 【解析】選C??疾榍閼B(tài)動詞表示允許。句意:沒有老師的允許,學生們在課間誰也不準出學校吃快餐。根據(jù)語境“沒有老師允許”推知此處意思為“允許”,shall 用于二、三人稱時可以表示警告,命令,允諾,強迫,決心,威脅,意圖等,故此處答案C符合題意。,3. (2013·合肥模擬)—______ I turn on the TV for you,Grandpa? —Yes,thanks a lot,my dear. You’re so considerate. A. May B. Shall C. Will D. Need 【解析】選B??疾榍閼B(tài)動詞表示請求。句意:——爺爺,我為你打開電視行嗎?——好的,寶貝,非常感謝。你考慮太周到了。shall 用于一、三人稱的疑問句表示“征求意見、建議”等。本句是征求意見,故答案為B項。,4.______ we go to the McDonald’s? I am sick of the food there! A. Shall B. Can C. Must D. Need 【解析】選C??疾榍閼B(tài)動詞表示必要性。句意:我們非要去麥當勞嗎?我討厭那里的食物。根據(jù)語境“一定要……”推知用must。must意思為“一定;必須”符合語境。,5. (2013·溫州模擬) On Sunday when I was a little boy, father and I ______ get up early and go fishing. A. could B. would C. might D. should 【解析】選B。考查情態(tài)動詞。句意:我是小孩子的時候,星期天父親和我總是早早起床去釣魚。would在此處表示過去的某種傾向或習慣性動作,意為“總會,總是”。,6. (2013·蘭州模擬)—It’s eight o’clock already. Jack ______ be here by now. —Oh, he told me that he was going to see his dentist and wouldn’t be back until ten. A. must B. can C. should D. need 【解析】選C??疾榍閼B(tài)動詞表示推測。句意:——已經(jīng)8點了。照理說杰克到現(xiàn)在應該在這里了。——噢,他告訴我他要去看牙醫(yī),要到10點才回來。should意思為“應該,應當;照理說應該……”符合題意。,7. —I had a very boring weekend at home. —Why did you stay at home? You ______ with us. A. might hike B. could have hiked C. should hike D. must have hiked 【解析】選B??疾榍閼B(tài)動詞+have done用法。句意:——在家里我過了一個非常令人厭煩的周末?!獮槭裁茨愦诩依锬兀磕阍灸芘c我們一起遠足的。根據(jù)語境推知“原本能……”,故用could+have done形式。,8. We ______ have hurried all the way to the airport—the flight was called off because of the foggy weather. A. mustn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t 【解析】選C??疾榍閼B(tài)動詞+have done用法。句意:我們原本不需要這么匆忙地一直趕去機場——由于霧天航班被取消了。根據(jù)語境“航班被取消”推知“原本不需要……”,故答案為C。,9. (2013·杭州模擬)Tom,______ you from taking a hand in that affair, you ______ in prison. A. if I didn’t stop; would have stayed B. had I not stopped; would be staying C. shouldn’t I have stopped; would stay D. if I hadn’t stopped; would have stayed 【解析】選B??疾榛旌闲吞摂M語氣。句意:湯姆,如果我不阻止你插手那件事情的話,你就會待在監(jiān)獄了。根據(jù)語氣此處為混合型虛擬語氣,從句為對過去情況的假設,省略if,句子構成倒裝;第二空按照生活常識為對現(xiàn)在情況的假設,故答案為B。,10. (2013·合肥模擬)—He looks hot and dry. —So ______ you if you had a temperature of 40°C. A. may B. would C. must D. should 【解析】選B??疾榕c現(xiàn)在情況相反的虛擬語氣。句意:——他看上去口干舌燥?!绻惆l(fā)燒到了40度也會這樣的。根據(jù)語境,此處表示對現(xiàn)在的情況的假設,故主句用would+動詞原形,此處意思為“你也這樣”為so提前的倒裝句;從句用一般過去時。,- 配套講稿:
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