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語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)突破系列 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,考點(diǎn)1 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ) ★★★★★ 1. 不定式作狀語(yǔ),I was satisfied to hear the news. (原因狀語(yǔ)) To meet the movie star I got up very early. (目的狀語(yǔ)) I rushed to school only to find nobody was there. (結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)),【點(diǎn)津】不定式表結(jié)果的固定結(jié)構(gòu): only/just to. . . ; too. . . to. . . ; so/such as to. . . ; . . . enough(for sb. )to. . .,2. 分詞作狀語(yǔ),Not knowing what to do, I had to wait here. Given more attention, the children could have grown better. Absorbed in reading, we all didn’t hear the sound. Having driven all day, we were rather tired.,【點(diǎn)津】①把握分詞與句子邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系, 區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞; ②不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)為主觀上意想不到的結(jié)果, 現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)為客觀上、順其自然而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果; ③準(zhǔn)確理解形容詞化的過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法; ④現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式having done或者完成被動(dòng)式having been done, 都是表示分詞的動(dòng)作和句子主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 同時(shí)分詞動(dòng)作先于句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)或者被動(dòng)發(fā)生。,3. 有些分詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ), 其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響。常見(jiàn)的有: generally speaking 一般來(lái)說(shuō) frankly speaking 坦白地說(shuō) judging from/by. . . 根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷 considering. . . /taking. . . into consideration 考慮到…… to tell you the truth 說(shuō)實(shí)話,seeing. . . 鑒于/由于…… supposing 假設(shè), 如果 assuming 假使 given 考慮到, 鑒于 provided(that. . . ) 如果,4. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn): ①獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同, 它獨(dú)立存在; ②獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中作邏輯主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等是邏輯上的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系; ③獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與句子分開(kāi)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成:,①名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞; ②名詞/代詞+形容詞; ③名詞/代詞+副詞; ④名詞/代詞+不定式; ⑤名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ); ⑥with/without+名詞/代詞+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。,The test finished(=When the test was finished), we began our holiday. 考試結(jié)束了, 我們開(kāi)始放假。 The president assassinated(=After the president was assassinated), the whole country was in deep sorrow. 總統(tǒng)被刺殺了, 全國(guó)上下沉浸在深深的悲痛之中。 Weather permitting(=If weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天氣允許, 我們明天去看你。,【典題印證】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 (2014·天津高考)Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only (find)it didn’t fit. 解題關(guān)鍵: 根據(jù)句中的Anxiously, she took the dress out of. . . (她迫不及待地從……拿出裙子)和it didn’t fit(它不合身)可知是出現(xiàn)了意料之外的結(jié)果, 故用only to do。only to do/only to be done表示意料之外的結(jié)果。 答案判定: 句意: 她迫不及待地從包裹里拿出裙子, 試穿了一下, 結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)它不合身。故填to find。,【高考集訓(xùn)】 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. (2014·福建高考)____________(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 2. (2014·湖南高考)_______(free)ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness. 3. (2014·天津高考)Clearly and thoughtfully _______ (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.,Having spent,To free,written,4. (2014·四川高考)—I hope to take the computer course. —Good idea. _______(find)out more about it, visit this website. 5. (2014·重慶高考)Group activities will be organized after class ______ (help)children develop team spirit. 6. (2012·四川高考)Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ______(find)his plane high up in the sky.,To find,to help,to find,考點(diǎn)2 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ) ★★★★,The boy(sitting by the window)is Tom. The matter(being discussed now)is of great importance. The boy(named Tom)was hurt in the car accident. Everything(to be done)is well-prepared.,【點(diǎn)津】①準(zhǔn)確判定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系; ②準(zhǔn)確判定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間, 即是正在進(jìn)行或已經(jīng)完成還是將要發(fā)生。,【典題印證】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 (2014·山東高考)There’s a note pinned to the door (say)when the shop will open again. 解題關(guān)鍵: 首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知There be句型中有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is, 然后根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可知要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)修飾note。從邏輯關(guān)系上看, note與say之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 用現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語(yǔ)。另外, 題干中的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)pinned to the door也作note的后置定語(yǔ)。 答案判定: 句意: 門(mén)上釘著一個(gè)便條, 上面寫(xiě)著這家商店何時(shí)將再開(kāi)張。所以填saying。,【高考集訓(xùn)】 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. (2014·北京高考)There are still many problems ___________(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 2. (2014·大綱版全國(guó)卷)Today there are more airplanes ________ (carry)more people than ever before in the skies.,to be solved,carrying,3. (2014·浙江高考)Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _________ (appoint)to guard her. 4. (2014·北京高考)Last night, there were millions of people ________ (watch)the opening ceremony live on TV. 5. (2014·重慶高考)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ________ (return)to our shop for quality problems.,appointed,watching,returned,6. (2013·遼寧高考)Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail _______ (wait)for her. 7. (2013·天津高考)In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ____ (use)in daily conversations. 8. (2013·陜西高考)The witnesses __________ (question)by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.,waiting,used,questioned,考點(diǎn)3 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ) ★★★ 1. “五看二聽(tīng)一感覺(jué)”的感官動(dòng)詞(see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel)等后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式(do/doing/done)。do表主動(dòng)和完成(被動(dòng)句中to還原), doing表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行, done表被動(dòng)或完成。 The missing boy was last seen playing near the river. 2. 熱點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard.,3. 固定短語(yǔ), 如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb. to do sth. 等。 The patient was warned not to eat oily food.,4. with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常用形式:,John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time. With the little boy leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the village.,【點(diǎn)津】①注意作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式to do, doing, done之間的區(qū)別, 把握動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)還是進(jìn)行。 ②具體分析作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)即句子賓語(yǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系, 再結(jié)合動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間(未發(fā)生、正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生)來(lái)選擇合適的形式。,【典題印證】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 (2014·江西高考)He is thought (act)foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 解題關(guān)鍵: be thought后應(yīng)該接不定式, act發(fā)生在think之前, 故應(yīng)該用不定式的完成式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 答案判定: 句意: 他被認(rèn)為舉止愚蠢?，F(xiàn)在失去這份工作只能怨他自己, 不能怨別人。所以填to have acted。,【高考集訓(xùn)】 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. (2014·四川高考)The manager was satisfied to see many new products _________ (develop)after great effort. 2. (2013·陜西高考)Let those in need __________ (understand)that we will go all out to help them.,developed,understand,3. (2013·北京高考)When we saw the road _______ (block)with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. 4. (2012·遼寧高考)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________ (follow)them.,blocked,following,考點(diǎn)4 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ) ★★★ 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能作賓語(yǔ)的有動(dòng)名詞和不定式: 1. 只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ): suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, allow, advise, risk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to等。 I admit breaking the window.,2. 只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞: wish, hope, decide, refuse, promise, pretend, manage, mean, plan, fail, choose, would like等。 If I fail to appear by 7 o’clock, I will not be coming at all.,3. 既可用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)、又可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ): remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, need, start, begin, try等。,Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed. I remember reading about the earthquake in the newspaper. 4. it作形式賓語(yǔ), 代替真正作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞。 I think it important to learn English well.,【典題印證】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 (2014·陜西高考)It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like (go)for a swim? 解題關(guān)鍵: feel like意為“想要”, 后面接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。feel like doing sth. 表示“想要做某事”。 答案判定: 句意: 今天很熱。你想去游泳嗎? 故填going。,【高考集訓(xùn)】 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. (2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _____ (be)late for school. 2. (2014·北京高考)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _______________(recognize). 3. (2014·遼寧高考)Keep _______ (hold)your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility.,being,being recognized,holding,4. (2014·江西高考)When it comes to ________ (speak)in public, no one can match him. 5. (2013·上海高考)Young people may risk _____ (go)deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day. 6. (2013·江蘇高考)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _____________(reduce)to ruins, the city took on a new look. 7. (2012·安徽高考)I remembered ______(lock)the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.,speaking,going,being reduced,to lock,考點(diǎn)5 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或其他 ★★ 1. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能作主語(yǔ)的有動(dòng)名詞和不定式。 (1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作, 不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體的、一次性的或尚未做的動(dòng)作。 (2)it作形式主語(yǔ), 代替真正作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞。常見(jiàn)句型有: It is/was no use/good + doing sth. ; It is/was not any use/good + doing sth. ; It is/was of little use/good + doing sth. ; It is/was useless doing; It’s a waste of time of doing sth. 等。,2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能作表語(yǔ)的有現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式。注意現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)意為“令人感到……的”, 而過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)意為“本身感到……的”。 The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night. 3. 固定句式do/have/其他動(dòng)詞+sth. +but(to)do sth. 中的不定式用法, 此結(jié)構(gòu)要遵循前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do, but后則無(wú)to, 反之則有to的原則。 He did nothing but save the child without hesitation.,【典題印證】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 (2014·福建高考)For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying (connect). 解題關(guān)鍵: 本句中的關(guān)鍵詞是stay(保持), 它是一個(gè)系動(dòng)詞, 后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。stay connected是“stay +形容詞化的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。本題中的staying connected和keeping in touch表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思。故填connected。,【高考集訓(xùn)】 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. (2014·廣東高考)We got a little __________________ (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind. 2. (2014·湖南高考)_____________(understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. 3. (2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)It took years of work ________(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.,sunburned/sunburnt,Understanding,to reduce,4. (2014·山東高考)It’s standard practice for a company like this one _________(employ)a security officer. 5. (2013·浙江高考)________ (hear)how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. 6. (2013·重慶高考)The engine just won’t start. Something seems ____________(go)wrong with it. 7. (2012·陜西高考)If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _______(meet)an even greater challenge.,to employ,Hearing,to have gone,to meet,