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,選修8 Unit 1—Unit 5,Unit 2 Cloning,,1．__________ (vt.) 著手；從事；承擔(dān) 2．________ (vt.) 扔；投；擲 3．________ (vt.) 獲得；贏得 4．________ (vt.) 獲得；到達(dá)(水平、年齡、狀況等) 5．________ (vt.) 禁止；不準(zhǔn) 6．________ (vt.) 欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于…… 7．________ (vt.) 打擾 (vi.) 操心 (n.) 煩擾,重點單詞,undertake cast obtain attain forbid owe bother,8．________ (vi.&vt.) 打；撞擊；罷工 (n.) 罷工 9．________ (adj.) 虛榮的；自負(fù)的；徒勞的 10．________ (adv.) 僅；只；不過 11．________ (vt.) 崇拜；愛慕；喜愛 12．______________ (n.) 突破 13．______________ (vt.) 積累；聚積 14．________ (vt.) 抵抗；對抗→________ (n.) 抵抗；對抗→________ (adj.) 有抵抗力的；抵制的,strike vain merely adore breakthrough accumulate resist,resistance,resistant,15．__________ (n.) 假定；設(shè)想→________ (vt.) 假定；設(shè)想 16．________ (vi.) 不同；相異→________ (adj.) 不同的→___________ (n.) 不同；差異 17．________ (vi.) 反對；不贊成→________ (n.) 不贊成；反對；異議→________ (adj.) 真實的；客觀的；無偏見的 18．________(vi.)退休；離開→___________(n.)退休,assumption,assume,differ,different,difference,object,objection,objective,retire,retirement,1．________________ 得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清 2．________________ 沮喪；不愉快 3．________________ 反對 4．________________ 贊成；支持 5．________________ 把……歸功于…… 6．________________ 一定或注定(做)…… 7．____________________ 使……刻骨銘心,重點短語,pay off cast down object to in favor of owe.to be bound to (do) strike.into one's heart,8．________________ 不時；偶爾 9．________________ 使復(fù)生；使復(fù)活 10．________________ 白費力氣；枉費心機 11．______________________ 狀況很好/壞；情況很好/壞 12．______________________ 對……有很大影響,from time to time bring back to life in vain in good/poor condition have a great impact on,1．The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 看來多莉是在正常地成長著，這很令人鼓舞。 [解讀] that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。 [仿寫] 有一些國家仍然貧困這一事實對整個世界來說是一個大問題。 ____________________some countries are still suffering from poverty is really a big problem to the world.,經(jīng)典句型,答案： The fact that,2．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接著傳來了多莉病重的壞消息。 [解讀] then位于句首，句子用全部倒裝語序。 [仿寫] 聽到狗的狂叫聲，小偷逃掉了。 Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away______________.,答案：fled the thief,3．The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 其優(yōu)點是如果發(fā)生某種新的疾病，這類動物中的一些可能會死掉，但是另外一些卻能存活下來，并且把這種免疫力傳給下一代。 [解讀] The advantage is that.“其優(yōu)點是……”，that引導(dǎo)表語從句。 [仿寫] 其優(yōu)點是如果你能講流利的英語，你更有可能找到好工作。 ____________________if you can speak English fluently，you are more likely to find a good job.,答案： The advantage is that,4．However，scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us. 科學(xué)家一直致力于研究克隆到底會有助于我們還是會傷害我們，它們將我們引向何方。 [解讀] whether.or無論……還是…… [仿寫] 從他臉上我們看不出他是高興還是難過。 We cannot tell from his face____________________.,答案：whether he is happy or sad,1．differ vi.不同；相異 [教材原句] Think about how they differ. 想一想他們?nèi)绾尾煌?板塊一：核心單詞,①differ from不同于；和……不同 ②differ in在……方面不同 ③differ with sb.on/about/over sth.在……上和某人有分歧/異議 ④make a difference(to.)和……有差別；對……有影響 ⑤tell the difference between A and B分清A和B ⑥be different from.in.在……方面與……不同,①My brother and I differ from each other in many ways. 我和我兄弟在許多方面都不同。 ②The twins look alike，but they differ widely________their tastes. 這對雙胞胎看上去相似，但愛好大相徑庭。 ③I have to differ________you________that. 在這一點上我不能同意你的看法。,答案： ②in ③with；on,2．undertake vt. 著手；從事；承擔(dān) [教材原句] It is a difficult task to undertake. 這是一項很難完成的任務(wù)。,①undertake a task/responsibility承擔(dān)任務(wù)/責(zé)任 ②undertake to do sth.同意、答應(yīng)或著手做某事 ③undertake for.為……負(fù)責(zé) ④undertake that.保證……,①He undertook a new experiment. 他著手一項新的實驗。 ②She__________________for these changes. 她承擔(dān)了做出這些改變的責(zé)任。 ③He undertook____________(finish)the job by Friday. 他答應(yīng)在星期五以前完成那項工作。 ④The Qinghai-Tibet Railway，as the chief engineer said，was the hardest engineering project they________________in the past 30 years. 正如總工程師所說，青藏鐵路，是過去三十年他們承擔(dān)的最艱難的工程。,答案：②undertook the responsibility ③to finish ④had ever undertaken,3．object vi. 反對；不贊成 n. 物體；目標(biāo) [教材原句] On the other hand，Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. 另一方面，多莉的出現(xiàn)引起了一陣強烈的反對，對媒體和公眾的想象力也產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。,(1)object to sb./sth.反對；不贊成某人/某事 object to doing sth.反對做某事 object that.反對…… (2)objection n．反對；厭惡 raise an objection to sth.對某事提出異議 take/have/make an/no objection to(doing) sth.對某事表示反對/不反對 (3)objective adj.真實的，客觀的,①If anybody objects，we'll postpone the meeting till next week. 如果有人反對，我們就把會議推遲到下周。 ②He objected________working on Sundays. 他反對星期天工作。 ③My main______________to the plan is that it costs too much. 我反對該計劃的主要理由是它費用太高。 ④—How do Americans like to be called? —Most of them don't object to______(call) them by their first name. ——美國人喜歡怎樣被稱呼？ ——大部分人不反對叫他們的姓。,答案： ②to ③objection ④calling,4．forbid (forbade，forbidden) vt. 禁止；不準(zhǔn) [教材原句] Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning. 有些政府開始改革司法制度，明令禁止進行克隆人類的研究……,(1)forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事 forbid doing sth.禁止做某事 forbid that.禁止……(從句中常用should＋動詞原形) (2)forbid sb.(from doing) sth.禁止某人(做)某事……,①He was forbidden to leave the base as a punishment. 作為懲罰，他被禁止離開基地。 ②The law forbids________(smoke)in public buildings. 法律禁止在公共場所吸煙。 ③I forbid you__________(tell)anyone. 我不準(zhǔn)你告訴任何人。 ④The students are forbidden，unless they have special passes，________(stay)out after 11 pm. 學(xué)生除非有特別通行證，否則禁止晚上11點后在校外。,答案： ②smoking ③to tell ④to stay,5．owe vt. 欠(賬、錢、人情等) [教材原句] You owe the lady an apology. 你必須向這位女士道歉。,(1)owe sb.sth.(＝owe sth.to sb.)欠某人某物 owe sb.a favo(u)r欠某人一個人情 owe sb.an apology該向某人道歉 (2)owe.to.把……歸功于…… owe it to sb.that.多虧某人…… (3)owing to.因為；由于,①I owe my success to my teacher. 我把我的成功歸功于我的老師。 ②He owes his friend 50 pounds. ＝He__________________his friend. 他欠他朋友50英鎊。 ③I__________________having been so rude to you last night. 昨晚我太粗暴，應(yīng)該向你道歉。 ④I owe________to the doctor that I am still alive. 我仍然活著，這要歸功于那位醫(yī)生。 ⑤_____ bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. 由于天氣惡劣，航班延誤了好幾個小時。,答案：②owes 50 pounds to ③owe you an apology for ④it ⑤Owing to,6．bother vt.打擾 vi.操心 n. 煩擾；令人煩惱的事或人 [教材原句] However，the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. 然而，之后她患上了嚴(yán)重的肺病的問題使科學(xué)家們困擾。,(1)bother sb.with/about sth.為某事打擾或麻煩某人 bother to do sth.特意做某事 bother about sth.為某事煩惱 It bothers sb.that/to do sth.使某人苦惱的是 (2)put sb.to any bother給某人添亂 why bother沒有必要；何苦 Don't bother.不用費心了。/不用麻煩了。,①I don't want to bother her with my problems at the moment. 此刻我不想讓她為我的事情操心。 ②You don't bother_________(get) dinner for me today，I'll eat out. 今天，不要麻煩為我預(yù)備飯了，我要在外邊吃。 ③You needn't bother__________small things. 你用不著為瑣事煩惱。 ④—I'll go to the post office to mail this parcel to Ann. ——我要去郵局給安寄這個包裹。 —________ bother？I'll see her at dinner this evening. ——不必麻煩了吧？今晚吃飯我能見到她。,答案：②to get ③about ④Why,7．strike n．罷工 vi.&vt.打；撞擊；罷工(struck；struck) [教材原句] .proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people's hearts. ……證明了這一想法使人們感到既興奮又恐懼。,strike vi.&vt.打；撞擊；罷工；突然想到；打動，給……印象；(鐘)敲；報時 be/go on strike罷工 It strikes sb.that.某人突然想起…… sth.strike(s) sb.某人突然想起……,①Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。 ②The boy fell，________________on the edge of the table. 男孩摔了一跤，頭撞在桌沿上。 ③The church clock began to____________. 教堂的鐘開始敲十二下。 ④The visitors______________by the beauty of the tourist area. 游客被旅游區(qū)的美景迷住了。 ⑤What______________was the enthusiasm of the local people. 給我印象最深的是當(dāng)?shù)厝说臒崆椤?答案： ②striking his head ③strike twelve ④were struck ⑤struck me most,8．resist vt.抵抗，反抗；忍耐，忍住 [教材原句] But others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 但是另外一些卻能存活下來，并且把這種免疫力傳給下一代。,resist sth.抵制/阻擋某事 resist doing sth.反對/抵制做某事 can't/couldn't resist doing sth.＝can't/couldn't help doing sth.忍不住做某事 resistance n．反對；抵制；抗拒,①She resisted the temptation to tell him what she really thought. 她克制住自己，沒有把真實想法告訴他。 ②I was not strong enough________________. 我不夠堅定，抵抗不了他的好意。 ③I couldn't resist________(have) a look at her diary. 我忍不住看了一眼她的日記。,答案：②to resist the offer ③having,9．pay off 得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清 [教材原句] But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough—the cloning of Dolly the sheep. 但是，科學(xué)家們的決心和耐心最終得到了回報，這就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的誕生。,板塊二：短語和句型,pay for 付某物的錢；為某事物付出代價 pay back 還錢，報復(fù) pay attention to 注意 pay a visit to 訪問 pay off 全部付清,①After ten years of hard work，they paid off all their debts. 經(jīng)過十年的艱苦勞動，他們還清了債務(wù)。 ②We ______________________the house. 我們買房花了20萬。 ③Can you lend me ￡10？I'll______________on Friday. 你能借給我10英鎊嗎？我星期五就還你。 ④—Have you heard that he was admitted into Tsinghua University? —Yes，I have.His efforts finally____________. ——你聽說了嗎？他被清華大學(xué)錄取了。 ——是的，我聽說了。他的努力終于得到了回報。,答案： ②paid 200 thousand yuan for ③pay you back ④paid off,10．cast down 使沮喪/不愉快 [教材原句] Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. 研究克隆的科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉的病更容易發(fā)生在年老的動物身上，這讓他們很沮喪。,①cast away 丟掉，遭遇海難而流落某地 ②cast off 拋棄 ③cast out 趕走 ④cast sb.in the role of.選某人演……角色,①Her husband's death cast her down. 她因丈夫的死而沮喪。 ②He______________by what his manager said. 經(jīng)理的話讓他很沮喪。 ③Standing timidly before the teacher，the girl__________her eyes. 那個小女孩拘謹(jǐn)?shù)卣驹诶蠋熋媲?，垂下了目光?答案： ②was cast down ③cast down,11．in favour of 贊成；支持 [教材原句] Is it in favour of cloning or against it? 他(作者)的觀點是贊成克隆行為還是反對克隆行為？,,①Opportunities and success tend to be in favour of those who are ready. 機遇和成功往往青睞那些有準(zhǔn)備的人。 ②The result was 28 to 15________Wang Hong's favour. 結(jié)果是28比15，王紅當(dāng)選。 ③________me a favour and turn the volume down while I'm on the phone，will you? 勞駕，我打電話的時候把音量調(diào)小點好嗎？,答案： ②in ③Do,12．from time to time不時，偶爾 [教材原句] From time to time people suggest that extinct animals like dinosaurs，can possibly be brought back to life through cloning. 不時有人建議，像恐龍那樣已經(jīng)滅絕的動物可能會通過克隆使之復(fù)生。,,①The food safety accidents happen from time to time. 食品安全事故時不時地發(fā)生。 ②________no time did I agree to the plan. 我從未同意過這項計劃。 ③They learned to accept their stepmother________time. 過了一段時間之后他們學(xué)會了接受他們的繼母。,答案： ②At ③in,13．bring back to life使復(fù)生；使復(fù)活 [教材原句] From time to time people suggest that extinct animals like dinosaurs，can possibly be brought back to life through cloning. 不時有人建議，像恐龍那樣已經(jīng)滅絕的動物可能會通過克隆使之復(fù)生。,(1)bring sth.to life賦予某物以生命 come to life蘇醒過來；活躍起來 devote one's life to (doing) sth.把一生奉獻給…… lay down one's life for.為……獻身(犧牲生命) (2)bring up培養(yǎng)；撫養(yǎng)；教育；提出；嘔吐 bring on使發(fā)生；引起；端上(飯菜) bring in引來；引進；吸收 bring out取出；說出；闡明；出版；生產(chǎn) bring back使回想起；歸還；帶回來 bring down使倒下；減少；降低(價格、溫度) bring about導(dǎo)致；引起,①It is impossible to bring a dead person back to life. 讓一個人死而復(fù)生是不可能的。 ②He left her to____________three young children on her own. 他留下她獨自撫養(yǎng)3個年幼的孩子。 ③He does odd jobs that____________about 30 dollars a week. 他做零工每周可賺約30美元。 ④Science and technology has____________many changes in our lives. 科學(xué)技術(shù)給我們的生活帶來了諸多變化。,答案： ②bring up ③bring him in ④brought about,14．in vain 白費力氣，枉費心機 [教材原句] All efforts of cloning an animal will be in vain if there is no enough diversity in the groups to overcome illnesses. 如果在這些組中沒有足夠的多樣性克服疾病，那么克隆動物的所有努力都白費了。,①in advance 提前 ②in charge 主管 ③in debt 負(fù)債 ④in order 井然有序 ⑤in progress 有進展 ⑥in return 作為回報 ⑦in theory 從理論上,①I hope our efforts won't be in vain. 我希望我們的努力不會白費。 ②I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem，but____________. 我已經(jīng)非常努力地想找到這個問題的解決方法，但是白費力氣。,答案： ②in vain,15．in good/poor condition狀況很好(壞)；情況很好(壞) [教材原句] The dodo became extinct fairly recently so its DNA is still in good condition. 渡渡鳥滅絕時間相當(dāng)近，所以它的DNA仍然狀況良好。,①out of condition健康狀況欠佳 ②working/living/studying conditions工作/生活/學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境 ③on condition that.在……條件下；倘若…… ④on no condition一點也不；決不(放在句首時，用部分倒裝語序),[名師點津] condition指人或物自身的狀況時，常用作不可數(shù)名詞；指周圍的環(huán)境、境況、條件時，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 [見證2014]．better road conditions have also attracted more drivers. 路況的改善也吸引了更多的司機。(2014·山東卷閱讀表達(dá)),①The car has been well maintained and is in good condition. 這輛車一直保養(yǎng)得很好，車況極佳。 ②They agreed to lend us the car________we returned it before the weekend. 他們同意把車借給我們，條件是我們必須在周末前歸還。 ③On no condition____________deny that the Diaoyu Islands have been an integral part of China's territory for centuries. 我們決不能否認(rèn)，幾個世紀(jì)以來釣魚島一直是中國領(lǐng)土不可分割的一部分。,答案： ②on condition that ③can we,16．The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 看來多莉是在正常地成長著，這很令人鼓舞。,此句中that引導(dǎo)的從句為同位語從句，對fact進行解釋說明，that僅起連接詞的作用，無意義，不能省略。 (1)常見的后接同位語從句的抽象名詞有：fact，news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，order，problem，belief，fear，possibility等。 (2)同位語從句中表示“是否”用whether不用if。 (3)特殊疑問詞也可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，注意從句用陳述語序。,①He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end. 他不愿面對他失敗的事實，最后自殺身亡。 ②The question________we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet. 我們是否該繼續(xù)實驗的問題還沒有得到解決。 ③I have no idea________the meeting will be held. 我不知道這次會議何時舉行。 ④The news________our football team had won the match was encouraging. 我們足球隊贏了比賽的消息令人鼓舞。,答案：②whether ③when ④that,17．The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 其優(yōu)勢是如果發(fā)生一種新的疾病，這些動物中的一些可能會死掉，但是另外一些卻能存活下來，并將這種抵抗能力傳給下一代。,①The advantage is that.優(yōu)勢是……，that此處引導(dǎo)表語從句。 ②The problem is that.問題是…… ③The chance is that.有可能…… ④There is no chance that.沒有可能……,①The advantage is that we have a good command of English. 其優(yōu)勢是我們很好地掌握了英語。 ②____________is that our team will finish at the top，as our remaining matches aren't too difficult. 由于我們隊余下的比賽不太艱難，我們隊在結(jié)束時有可能名列前茅。 ③______________no chance that they will win the match. 他們贏得比賽是不可能的。,答案：②The chance ③There is,根據(jù)漢語提示，用句末括號內(nèi)的英語單詞完成句子 1．He prefers to work till late，while I am an early riser.Maybe that's____________.(differ) 他喜歡工作到很晚，而我是一個早起的人。這就是我們不同的地方。 2．I do not think they____________as long as we are well- prepared to take up the challenge.(strike) 我認(rèn)為只要我們準(zhǔn)備好迎接挑戰(zhàn)，他們就無法在我們的心中引起恐慌。,單元語法專練：,答案：1.where we differ 2.can strike fear into our hearts,3．After the flood，with the help of our soldiers，we managed ____________. (bring) 洪水過后，在戰(zhàn)士們的幫助下，我們成功地使家鄉(xiāng)恢復(fù)了生機。 4．In vain_________do the work that they had begun.(continue) 他們繼續(xù)做著早已經(jīng)開始的工作，可是白費力氣。 5．It's well-known to us all____________be new changes when a new system is introduced.(bound) 眾所周知，當(dāng)引進一個新的體系后，一定會發(fā)生新的變化。,答案： 3．to bring our hometown back to life 4.did they continue to 5．that there are bound to,6．The North Korea's air force is even weaker，with some six hundred 1960's warplanes，many____________.(condition) 朝鮮的空軍就更不行了，只有六百多架60年代的老式戰(zhàn)機，其中許多架戰(zhàn)機的狀態(tài)很差。 7．There is a possibility____________college students' doing a part-time job.(object) 有可能他反對大學(xué)生做兼職工作。,答案： 6.of them in poor condition 7．that he objects to,8．William wishes now that____________drugs then through educating himself and strengthening his own willpower.(resist) 威廉姆多么希望他當(dāng)時通過自我教育和強化自己的意志力，抵制了毒品的誘惑。 9．It was not until the last moment that____________to him all the way.(owe) 直到最后，我才意識到我一直對不起他。 10．To protect your rights，we need to make restrictions_______ _____deny your these rights.(forbid) 為了保障您的權(quán)利，我們需要作出限制，禁止任何人否認(rèn)您的這些權(quán)利。,答案： 8.he had resisted the temptation of 9.I realized I owed an apology 10.which/that/to forbid anyone to,