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走向高考 · 英語,路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版(課標卷地區(qū)) · 高考總復習,Unit 5 Nelson Mandela —a modern hero,必修一,第一部分 基礎(chǔ)知識聚焦,1．a(chǎn)chievement n．成就 2．determination n．決心 3．a(chǎn)dmire vt.欽佩；欣賞 4．respect vt.尊敬 5．sacrifice vt.犧牲 6．a(chǎn)mbitious adj.有雄心壯志的 7．a(chǎn)ttractive adj.有魅力的 8．confident adj.自信的,9．educated adj.受過教育的 10．enthusiastic adj.熱情的 11．dream of 夢想 12．be interested in 對……感興趣 13．be satisfied/content with 對……滿意 14．have much knowledge of 精通…… 15．be active in 積極從事于 16．devote oneself/one's life to 獻身于；專心于,(2014·廣東寫作第二節(jié)改編) 75歲的Miss McCarty以洗衣為生，自己甘守清貧，但卻為南密西西比大學的貧窮學子捐贈了十五萬美元。 用約120個詞就Miss McCarty的捐助談?wù)勀愕南敕?，?nèi)容包括： (1)你如何看待她的捐助行為； (2)你認為她的捐助對受惠學生有哪些影響； (3)如果你自己要捐助，你會選擇哪個群體并陳述理由。 注意：開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。,It's reported that a kind laundry woman who got paid lowly decided to donate to a university a great deal of money she had saved by living a simple life, hoping to help those students with financial problems. [發(fā)表看法]I am really moved and inspired by her kindness. She herself lived a simple or rather poor life but she was so generous to the people in need of help. She showed special concern for the college students and attached much importance to education. She is an ordinary woman but she is really worth respecting.,[影響學生]In my opinion, those who have received her donation will be encouraged to study even harder and try their best to achieve success. With this experience, they will certainly prefer to help others in future just like the laundrywoman has done. Then the world will be a beautiful one filled with kindness and love. [影響自己]①If I have the chance to donate, I will also help the students with financial problems, for I know they are the future of the world. As long as there is kindness and virtue, the world will become more beautiful.,Ⅰ.完成句子 1．他不僅對科學感興趣，而且也極具音樂天賦。 Not only is he interested in science, but he also has a gift for music. 2．他是如此努力地工作，以至于他幾乎把所有的時間都獻給了我們的人類事業(yè)。 So hard does he work that he devotes almost all his time to our human cause.,Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．把句①畫線部分改為分詞 Given the chance to donate, I'll also help the students.,Ⅰ.單詞速記 A．識記單詞 1．________ (adj.) 慷慨的；大方的 2．________ (n.) 舞臺；階段；時期 3．________ (vt. & vi.) 投票；選舉 (n.) 投票；選票；表決 4．________ (vt.) 進攻；攻擊；抨擊 5．________ (vi.) 逃脫；逃走；泄露 6．________ (n.) 意見；看法；主張,generous,stage,vote,attack,escape,opinion,B．聯(lián)想串記 7．________ (n.)質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)→________ (形似詞，n.)數(shù)量，量 8．________ (adj.)積極的；活躍的→________ (adv.)積極地；活躍地→________ (n.)活動 9．________ (vt.)獻身；專心于→________ (adj.)忠實的；深愛的→________ (n.)關(guān)愛；獻身，奉獻；忠誠 10．________ (adj.)和平的；平靜的；安寧的→________ (adv.)和平地→________ (n.)和平；平靜；和睦,quality,quantity,active,actively,activity,devote,devoted,devotion,peaceful,peacefully,peace,11．________ (adj.)法律的；依照法律的→________ (反義詞，adj.)非法的，違法的 12．________ (n.)暴力；暴行→__________ (adj.)暴力的，猛烈的 13．________ (adj.)相等的；平等的→________ (n.)平等；相等→________ (adv.)同樣地；相等地；公平地,legal,illegal,violence,violent,equal,equality,equally,14．________ (vt.)教育；訓練→________ (adj.)受過教育的；有教養(yǎng)的→________ (n.)教育→________ (n.)教育工作者，教育家 15．________ (vi.)請求；乞求→________ (n.)乞丐 16．________ (n.)報酬；獎金(vt.)酬勞；獎賞→________ (adj.)值得的；有益的；有回報的,educate,educated,education,educator,beg,beggar,reward,rewarding,Ⅱ.短語互譯 1．在危險、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等的處境中 ___________ 2．求助于；致力于 __________________ 3．當權(quán)；上臺 __________________ 4．被判處……(徒刑) __________________ 5．out of work __________________ 6．a(chǎn)s a matter of fact __________________ 7．blow up __________________ 8．be willing to do sth. __________________ 9．lose heart __________________ 10．set up __________________,in trouble,turn to,come to power,be sentenced to,失業(yè),事實上,使充氣；爆炸,愿意做某事,喪失勇氣或信心,設(shè)立；建立,Ⅲ.典句析練 1．關(guān)系副詞when引導的定語從句 However, ____________________(這是一個……的時期) one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 【仿寫】你還記得我們第一次見面的那個下午嗎？ Do you remember the afternoon ____________________？,2．關(guān)系副詞where引導的定語從句 Until today we have reached __________(……的階段) we have almost no rights at all. 【仿寫】他們最小的孩子到了能說個別字詞的階段了。 Their youngest child ____________________ he can say individual words.,3．only引導的倒裝句 _________________________(直到那時我們才決定) answer violence with violence. 【仿寫】只有當他們失去自由時，他們才懂得它的價值。 _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________.,4．the first time引導的時間狀語從句 I felt bad ____________________ (我第一次跟一個小組談?wù)摃r)． 【仿寫】他們第一次游覽科技館的時候，就對他們看到的所有事物產(chǎn)生了很大的興趣。 ____________________， they showed great interest in everything they saw.,答案：1.this was a time when; when we first met 2．a(chǎn) stage where；has reached a stage where 3．Only then did we decide to; Only when they lost freedom did they know its value 4．the first time I talked to a group; The first time they visited the Science Museum,Ⅳ.課文縮寫語法填空 Do you know the former president of South Africa，Nelson Mandela? He fought__1__ the black people and was __2__ prison for thirty years. He helped the black people to get equal rights as the white people. Elias was a student in a school. Because his family couldn't afford __3__ (pay) the school fees, he had to drop out of school. Then he found a job in a gold mine and he was worried whether he would be __4__ of work. It was during this difficult period of time __5__ he met Nelson Mandela for the first time, who had opened a law firm __6__(advise) poor black people on their problems.,At that time, black people had no right __7__(vote) and their life was decided by the whites. Nelson Mandela said to Elias that they were put in a position__8__ they had either to accept they were less important，or fight the government. So he decided to use __9__(violent). Though Elias didn't like violence，he helped Nelson Mandela blow __10__ government buildings. He knew it was dangerous to do it, but he also knew it was to realize their dream of making black and white people equal. 答案：1.for 2.in 3.to pay 4.out 5.that 6.to advise 7．to vote 8.where 9.violence 10.up,1．quality n．質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)；特點 He often says that _____ is much more important than _____. We find the good ______ of a successful businessman in him. 他經(jīng)常說質(zhì)量遠比數(shù)量更重要。我們在他身上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個成功商人應(yīng)具備的所有好的品質(zhì)。 答案：quality；quantity；qualities,2．devote vt.獻身；專心于 [教材原句]A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.(P33) 偉人就是將他/她的一生致力于幫助別人的人。,[名師點撥] 在短語devote.to中to為介詞，其后接名詞或動名詞，類似短語還包括：look forward to 期盼；get down to開始著手做；be/get used to 習慣于；be/get accustomed to 習慣于；lead to 導致；pay attention to 注意；object to 反對。,①Li Lei is my ____________ friend. Since graduation, he ________________ improving the education of the local people. In addition to teaching, he has __________ a lot of time __________ raising money to build more schools. His ________ to his work moves the people deeply. 李磊是我最忠實的朋友。自畢業(yè)以來，他致力于改善當?shù)厝说慕逃?。除教學外，他也投入了很多時間籌錢建校。他的無私奉獻深深感動了人們。,②She devoted herself to practicing for ten years and became one of the world's best long-distance swimmers. a．________________________________________________________________________(改為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作原因狀語) b．________________________________________________________________________(改為過去分詞短語作原因狀語),答案：①devoted；has devoted himself to；devoted；to；devotion ②a.Devoting herself to practicing for ten years, she became one of the world's best long-distance swimmers. b．Devoted to practicing for ten years, she became one of the world's best long-distance swimmers.,3．equal v．等于；抵得上 adj. 相等的；勝任的 n．同等的人；相等物 [教材原句]But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.(P34) 但是，我樂于幫忙，因為我知道，這是為了實現(xiàn)我們黑人和白人平等的夢想。,①Bill is quite ________ ________ ________ the office. 比爾有足夠的能力管理這個部門。 ②Mary is quite ________ ________ Bill in brains. 瑪麗和比爾的智力不相上下。 ③This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience. 這一職位對新畢業(yè)生或有辦公室經(jīng)驗的人同樣適合。 答案：①equal to running ②equal to,4．fee n．費(會費、學費等)；酬金 [教材原句]I had to leave because my family couldn't continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.(P34) 我不得不離開，因為我的家庭再也交不起學費和汽車費了。,用fee，fare，expense和tip填空。 ①The lawyer's________was higher than we expected. ②Most restaurants now include the________in the price of the meal. ③I went there by boat at a reduced________. ④Marriage and other________have made me poor. 答案：①fee ②tip ③fare ④expenses,5．escape v. & n．逃脫；逃生；泄露 [教材原句]It was a prison from which no one escaped.(P38) 那是個無人逃走過的監(jiān)獄。,①If he thought he could by sitting at the back, he was wrong. 如果他認為坐在后排就不會引起注意，那么他就錯了。 ②Gas escaped from (out of) the tube. 氣體從管子里漏出。 ③Last year I had a narrow escape, and I don't want to risk my life a second time. 去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危險了。,④I'm sorry, but your name ________ ________. 對不起，我忘記了你的名字。 ⑤你逃過了處罰，真是幸運。(一句多譯) a．_______________________________________________ b．_______________________________________________ 答案：①escape attention ④escapes me ⑤a.You are lucky to escape punishment. b．You are lucky to escape being punished.,6．reward n. & v．報答；報酬；獎賞 [教材原句]They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the blacks.(P38) 他們說來自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是對我一生為黑人的平等權(quán)利而奮斗的回報。,①________ ________ ________ passing the College Entrance Examinations, many students got iPads as presents. 很多學生通過大學生考試后，得到了iPad作為禮物。 ②They ________ ________ ________ ________ ￡5 ________ bringing back the lost dog. 他們給了那個男孩五英鎊，酬謝他把走失的狗送回來。 ③I find my job very rewarding in the harmonious and hardworking environment here. 在和諧和艱苦的環(huán)境中我覺得我的工作值得做。 ④Good is rewarded with good. 善有善報。,⑤用reward，award填空 a．Is this how you ________ me for my help? b．She ________ ________ the best actress of 2013 for her perfect performance in the film. 答案：①As a reward for ②rewarded the boy with；for ⑤a.reward b．was awarded,1．out of work失業(yè)＝(out of a job) [教材原句]Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.(P34) 可悲的是我沒有身份證，因為我不是在那里出生的，因而我擔心會失業(yè)。,[方法規(guī)律]“失業(yè)”有三種表達形式：out of work (work不可數(shù))，out of a job(job可數(shù)名詞)，lose one's job。前二者為處于“失業(yè)”的狀態(tài)，lose one's job為結(jié)束性短語，是終止性動詞。 ①We have to use the stairs because the lift is ________ ________ ________. 電梯出故障了，我們不得不爬樓。 ②Mike is unhappy now, for he has ________ ________ ________ ________ for two weeks. 邁克現(xiàn)在不高興，因為他已經(jīng)失業(yè)兩周了。 答案：①out of order ②been out of work,2．in trouble 在危險、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等的處境中 [教材原句]Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.(P34) 伊萊亞斯在有麻煩時去見曼德拉。,①Don't copy my work or we'll both . 不要抄我的作業(yè)，否則我們倆人都會有麻煩的。 ②We must thank you for taking the trouble to cook us a meal. 我們一定要感謝你費心為我們做飯。 [方法規(guī)律]上述第二個例句可改為下列結(jié)構(gòu)，這也是?？嫉囊环N變化形式： We must thank you for the trouble you took to cook us a meal. 答案：①get into trouble,3．turn to 求助于；翻到(書的某頁)；查閱；轉(zhuǎn)向 [教材原句]Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal？(P35) 為什么曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？ ①Nobody seems to understand. I don't know who to turn to. 似乎沒人理解。我不知道該向誰求助。,②It turned out to be sunny that morning. 結(jié)果那天早上是個晴天。 ③The workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down. 如果他們提出的要求遭到拒絕，工人們將繼續(xù)罷工。,觀察句子，寫出黑體部分的含義。 ④He was the one I always turned to for strength and security.( ) ⑤If you turn to page 40, you will find it.( ) ⑥More and more people turn to computer science.( ) ⑦As I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose faith.( ) ⑧You shouldn't always turn to the dictionary when you come across new words in reading.( ) 答案：④求助于 ⑤翻到 ⑥從事于；致力于 ⑦轉(zhuǎn)身 ⑧查閱,4．lose heart喪失勇氣或信心 [教材原句]Never lose heart when you are in trouble.(P37) 遇到困難時不要失去信心。,①The boy has failed many times, but he does not lose heart. Now he has lost his heart to books and shows no interest in other things. 他失敗了許多次，但他并沒有失去信心?，F(xiàn)在他愛上了讀書，對別的事都不感興趣了。,[易錯提醒] “失去信心”是lose heart，而且heart前無任何修飾成分，有的同學誤認為是lose one's heart，大錯特錯。lose one's heart另有其意，見上表。 ②What impressed us most was that they never __________. 令我們印象最為深刻的是：他們從不氣餒。 答案：②lost heart,5．set up 設(shè)立；建立 [教材原句]set up law office to help poor black people in Johnanneshurg(P39) 設(shè)立律師事務(wù)所，為約翰內(nèi)斯堡的窮苦黑人提供幫助 ①We decided to ________ ________a fund for the Hope Project. 我們決定為希望工程設(shè)立一項基金。,②They ________ ________ planting trees as soon as they got to the bank. 他們一到河岸就開始植樹。 ③Set_aside some time each day to read, even if it is only five minutes. 每天都留出一點時間來讀書，哪怕五分鐘也行。 答案：①set up ②set about,1．Only修飾狀語從句的倒裝句 [教材原句]． only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.(P34) ……只有到這個時候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。 [句式分析]only修飾狀語(即副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句)，為了強調(diào)而提到句首時，主句要用部分倒裝形式，把原句中的情態(tài)動詞、系動詞或助動詞提到主語前面。,①Only then did I realize the importance of health. 到那時我們才認識到健康的重要性。 ②Only in Paris can you buy shoes like that. 只有在巴黎你才能買到那樣的鞋。 [方法規(guī)律]only修飾的名詞或代詞位于句首作主語時，句子不用倒裝。如：Only a doctor can do it.只有醫(yī)生才能這樣做。,[易錯提醒] 當only放在句首修飾一個從句時，從句的謂語不倒裝，只倒裝主句的謂語。 ③Only after ________ ________ ________we find out the truth. 直到他回來后我們才知道真相。 答案：③he returned did,2．the first time引導的狀語從句 [教材原句]I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.(P38) 我第一次向(參觀)小組談?wù)?羅本島監(jiān)獄的情況)時，心里覺得很不好受。 [句式分析]句中的the first time用作連詞，引導時間狀語從句，意為“第一次……時”。,名詞短語作連詞，引導時間狀語從句的還有： ①the moment/the minute/the instant＝as soon as 一……就…… ②each/every time 每次……的時候 next time 下次……時 any time 任何時候 last time 上次……時 by the time 到……為止 ③有時副詞也可充當連詞，引導時間狀語從句，它們是instantly，immediately，directly等，都相當于as soon as。,①He started ________ ________ he heard the report. 他一聽到報告就動身了。 ②He paid back the money he owed us ________ ________ ________ ________. 他一回到家就把欠我們的錢還上了。,③She became interested in the young teacher's lesson the first time she attended his class. She was so excited in class for the first time. 她第一次上課時就對這位年輕老師的課感興趣。她第一次上課這么興奮。 答案：①the instant ②immediately he returned home,3．stage/situation.(抽象地點)引導定語從句 [教材原句]Until today we have reached a_stage_where we have almost no rights at all.(P38) 一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎沒有任何權(quán)利的階段。 [句式分析] 當先行詞是stage，case，point，position，situation等含有地點含義的抽象名詞，且定語從句中缺少狀語時，常用where/in which等引導定語從句。,翻譯句子。 ①We have reached a stage where a change is needed. _______________________________________________. ②It has put me in a position where I can't afford to take the job. _______________________________________________. 答案：①我們到了必須做出變化的階段了。 ②這使我陷入了一種不能接受此工作的境地。,定語從句(Ⅱ) 1．Xiamen is regarded as a city ________ traditional culture is well combined with a modern lifestyle. 答案：where 考查定語從句。句意為：廈門被認為是一個傳統(tǒng)文化和現(xiàn)代生活方式完美結(jié)合的城市。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞a city，并在從句中作地點狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導該定語從句。,2．They stood on the top of the high building, from ________ they could see the whole city. 答案：where 考查定語從句。根據(jù)句意可知，從那個高樓的頂部能看見整個城市，此處from where相當于from on the top of the high building。,3．He met Rachel at her college graduation ceremony in 2008，________ he was later to marry. 答案：whom/who 考查定語從句。句意為：他是在2008年Rachel的大學畢業(yè)典禮上認識她的，后來娶她為妻。分析句子成分可知，空處引導定語從句。先行詞為Rachel，在從句中作marry的賓語，故用whom/who引導。,4．The band was very successful in the seventies, most of ________ members were in their twenties. 答案：whose 考查定語從句。分析句子成分可知，空處引導定語從句，在從句中作定語，故用whose。 5．In moments when you're feeling down，read what you wrote previously，________ will help uplift your spirits. 答案：which 考查定語從句。句意為：當你情緒低落的時候，讀一讀你先前寫下的東西，這會幫助你情緒高昂。which引導非限制性定語從句，指代前面整個句子的內(nèi)容。,1．(2014·浙江改編)There's no reason to be disappointed.________ a matter of fact, this could be rather amusing. 答案：As 句意：你沒有理由失望。事實上，這可能會非常有趣。as a matter of fact＝in fact事實上，實際上。,2．(2014·湖南改編)Only when you can find peace in your heart ________ you ________(keep) good relationships with others. 答案：will；keep 本題考查部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：唯有找到內(nèi)心的寧靜，方能維持人際關(guān)系的和諧?！皁nly＋副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句”置于句首時，句子(主句)要用部分倒裝語序。本題中，時間狀語從句when you can find peace in your heart被only修飾，且置于句首，故主句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。注意：如果only修飾的不是狀語而是主語，則不能用倒裝。如：only he was invited.只有他受到了邀請。,3．(2014·福建改編)Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth. 答案：where 本題考查定語從句引導詞的選擇。句意：學生們應(yīng)該積極參與社團活動，在這些活動中他們可以獲得成長的經(jīng)驗。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的先行詞是community activities，將其移到后面的定語從句中為：they can gain experience for growth (in) community activities由此可知關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在后面的定語從句中作地點狀語，故用where引導。,4．(2013·湖北改編)He didn't selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a ________(generously) contribution to help the community. 答案：generous 根據(jù)句意：他沒有把從叔叔那里繼承下來的錢據(jù)為己有，而是慷慨地捐出來，幫助社區(qū)。generous慷慨的。,5．(2013·浙江改編)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. 答案：where 本題考查定語從句。句意： 博物館將在春天開放，到時有展覽和可以看正在建的玻璃房子的觀光平臺。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處 the viewing platform為定語從句的先行詞，從句缺少地點狀語，要用where引導。 6．(2012·福建改編)Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be ________(equal) respected. 答案：equally 句意：任何一個人，不管是政府官員還是汽車司機都應(yīng)該同樣受到尊敬。equally“相等地，同等地”。,