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專題九 名詞性從句,詞匯復(fù)習(xí)9(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示填入以e開頭的單詞的適當(dāng)形式,然后背誦情景,熟記以e開頭的課標(biāo)高頻詞匯。) 【情景】In order to make the Chinese dream come true, (專家) and educators in every field take great efforts with full energy to explore,examine,evaluate,make experiments and collect evidence with as little as expense.Some employees (暴露) to the burning sun are especially enthusiastic.Their extra and (優(yōu)秀的)work moves engineers extremely,and their (經(jīng)驗(yàn)) is valuable.Meanwhile,editors are eager to publish their essays in every edition to report all events to (表達(dá)) both leaders’ and people’s satisfaction.It is evident that the Chinese dream will come true (最終).,experts,exposed,excellent,experience,express,eventually,譯文:為了實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)夢(mèng),各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專家和教育工作者精力充沛,努力以最少的費(fèi)用去探索、檢測(cè)、評(píng)估、做實(shí)驗(yàn)以及搜集證據(jù)。暴露在驕陽(yáng)下的雇工,尤其激情昂然。他們超額的、優(yōu)秀的工作極大地感動(dòng)了工程師們,并且他們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)也很寶貴。同時(shí),編輯人員熱切地在各個(gè)版面發(fā)表文章來報(bào)道各種事件以表達(dá)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人與民眾的滿意。很顯然,中國(guó)夢(mèng)最終將會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。,名從共分四大類,主、賓、表語(yǔ)和同位; 句法成分拿得準(zhǔn),表達(dá)造句盡唯美。 1.(2015·安徽卷改編)A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not ships are built for.,答案,解析,2.(2015·重慶卷改編)We must find out Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him.,答案,解析,3.(2015·北京卷改編) we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.,答案,解析,4.(2015·浙江卷改編)If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.,答案,解析,5.(2015·四川卷改編)The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.,答案,解析,一,二,三,四,五,六,一,二,三,四,五,六,二、主語(yǔ)從句 1.that引導(dǎo)的從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí),多數(shù)情況下由 it 做形式主語(yǔ),而把該從句放在后面,尤其是謂語(yǔ)部分(包括賓語(yǔ))較短的情況下;有時(shí)根據(jù)需要也會(huì)將主語(yǔ)從句置于句首(此時(shí)句首要以that開頭)。常見的以it做形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句句型有四種:,一,二,三,四,五,六,①It wasn’t very clear what she meant. 不清楚她是什么意思。 ②It is important that he should come on time. 他按時(shí)來是很重要的。 ③It is true that that man on the left is a well-known writer here. 左邊那個(gè)人是本地的一位著名作家,這是真的。 ④That he gave up the chance to go to college made his teachers very confused. 他放棄了上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì),這讓他的老師們感到非常困惑。 ⑤It is known to us all that she is a rich woman. =That she is a rich woman is known to us all. 眾所周知她是一位富有的女士。,一,二,三,四,五,六,三、賓語(yǔ)從句 1.在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式之后都可以接賓語(yǔ)從句。某些形容詞如sure,happy,glad,certain,pleased 等之后也可以接賓語(yǔ)從句。 ①I suddenly realized that music has become a necessary part of my life. 我突然意識(shí)到音樂已成為我生命中不可或缺的一部分。 ②We need to think about what we should say to the visitors. 我們需要想一想我們應(yīng)該對(duì)游客說些什么。 ③To find out who did this is very important. 查明誰(shuí)做的這件事非常重要。 ④Hearing that his son was badly wounded,he hurried to the hospital to see him. 聽說兒子受了重傷,他急忙趕到醫(yī)院去看望他。 ⑤I am sure that the real green life is not far from us. 我相信真正的綠色生活離我們不遠(yuǎn)了。,一,二,三,四,五,六,2.如果從句做賓語(yǔ)而后面還有補(bǔ)語(yǔ),為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡,用it 做形式賓語(yǔ),而將賓語(yǔ)從句放在句尾。常跟這樣的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或詞組有make,find,see,hear,feel,think,consider,regard,take.for granted等。 ①George made it clear that he opposed this project. 喬治已明確表示他反對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。(it 代替that 引導(dǎo)的從句,做賓語(yǔ),clear 是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。) ②They kept it quiet that he was dead. 對(duì)他已經(jīng)死亡的消息,他們秘而不宣。 ③I took it for granted that you’d stay with us. 我想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為你會(huì)和我們待在一起。,一,二,三,四,五,六,3.某些表示心理動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞(enjoy/hate/love/like/dislike/appreciate/prefer)后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),先加it 然后再接when/if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 I hate it when people speak with their mouth full. 我討厭人們滿嘴食物講話的情形。 I would appreciate it if you could help me this time. 如果這次你能幫我,我對(duì)此將感激不盡。 4.介詞后that賓語(yǔ)從句前往往添加it。如: see to/look to/insist on/stick to/depend on/answer for.+it+that-從句 ①He insisted on it that all the money should be used at a proper time. 他主張所有這些錢都要花得切合時(shí)宜。 ②You can depend on it that he will complete the task on time. 你可以信賴他會(huì)按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)的。,一,二,三,四,五,六,5.賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反意疑問句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致。 ①I don’t think he will come to my party.(√) I think he won’t come to my party.(×) 我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來我的舞會(huì)。 ②I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是吉姆所殺的,是嗎? 注意:如果賓語(yǔ)從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反意疑問句要用肯定形式。 We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he? 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細(xì)聽老師講課,是嗎?,一,二,三,四,五,六,四、表語(yǔ)從句 1.表語(yǔ)從句位于主句的連系動(dòng)詞之后,引導(dǎo)詞that通常不可以省略。 ①That’s why I have come.那就是我來的原因。 ②One advantage of solar energy is that it will never run out. 太陽(yáng)能的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)枯竭。 ③The problem is who is to pay and when we can start. 問題是誰(shuí)來付賬、我們又何時(shí)開始。 ④The question is whether the God really exists. 問題是上帝是否真的存在。 ⑤The fact is that he didn’t notice the car until too late. 事實(shí)是他注意到車時(shí)已經(jīng)太晚了。 ⑥What I want to know is where we shall go and whether she will join us. 我想知道的是我們要去什么地方以及她是否加入我們。,一,二,三,四,五,六,2.表語(yǔ)從句還可由as if (好像)引導(dǎo)。 It looked as if it was/were going to rain.(虛擬語(yǔ)氣) 看起來好像要下雨。 It seems as if he has known everything about it. 好像他對(duì)這件事理解得一清二楚。,一,二,三,四,五,六,五、同位語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)抽象名詞的內(nèi)容給予具體、詳細(xì)的說明。常在后面接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有fact,news,idea,truth,hope,suggestion,question,problem,doubt,fear,belief等。同位語(yǔ)從句常用的引導(dǎo)詞為that,有時(shí)也用when,where,whether 等詞。 ①The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你認(rèn)為不動(dòng)腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯(cuò)誤的。 ②People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe. 人們?cè)J(rèn)為地球是宇宙的中心。 ③The difficulty lies in the fact that we are short of money. 困難在于我們?nèi)狈Y金這個(gè)事實(shí)。 ④There is no doubt that to study abroad can give you an excellent opportunity to learn new things.毫無疑問,去國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)給你一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)新知的好機(jī)會(huì)。,一,二,三,四,五,六,六、關(guān)于名詞性從句值得注意的幾點(diǎn) 1.whether與if 均為“是否”的意思,且均可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,但在下列情況下,只可用whether ①引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首時(shí)。 Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic. 他是否能按時(shí)參加聚會(huì)取決于交通。 ②引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。 The question is whether we can get in touch with her. 問題是我們是否能和她取得聯(lián)系。 ③引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。 We have a doubt whether it is true. 我們懷疑那是不是真的。,一,二,三,四,五,六,④做介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。 I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job. 我正在考慮是否辭掉現(xiàn)在的工作。 ⑤if與whether都可以與or not 連用,但后面緊跟or not 時(shí)只能用whether。 We didn’t know whether or not she was ready.我不知道她是否準(zhǔn)備好了。(此時(shí)只能用whether) I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.我想知道消息是否是真的。(此時(shí)二者都可以用) ⑥后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。 I don’t know whether to tell the truth to the teacher. 我不知道是否應(yīng)該將事實(shí)告訴給老師。,一,二,三,四,五,六,Everyone is different and that is what makes our world so much better. 每個(gè)人都是不一樣的,正因?yàn)槿绱?我們這個(gè)世界才更加美好。 One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. 她鐘愛城市生活的一個(gè)原因是她可以很方便地到商店和飯店這些地方去。,一,二,三,四,五,六,3.that 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別 同位語(yǔ)從句中的that 只是引導(dǎo)詞,沒有其他語(yǔ)法作用,在句子中不作句子成分,不能省略;而定語(yǔ)從句中的that 除了引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句外,還是定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)成分,在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),做主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略,做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。 The idea that some peoples are superior to others is sheer nonsense. 有些民族優(yōu)越于其他民族這種想法簡(jiǎn)直荒謬。(同位語(yǔ)從句) The idea that he proposed at the meeting is sheer nonsense. 他在會(huì)議上提出的這個(gè)想法簡(jiǎn)直荒謬。(定語(yǔ)從句) No one is happy with the fact that he found out. 沒有人對(duì)他發(fā)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)感到高興。(定語(yǔ)從句) No one is happy with the fact that he will become their boss. 沒有人對(duì)他將成為他們的老板這一事實(shí)感到高興。(同位語(yǔ)從句),一,二,三,四,五,六,4.doubt 之后的賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句 ①賓語(yǔ)從句 (主句為肯定句時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句用whether 引導(dǎo);主句為否定句時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)) I doubt whether he will listen to us and stop playing net games. 我懷疑他是否會(huì)聽我們的話而停止玩網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲。 I don’t doubt that he will make a wonderful performance on the stage. 我毫不懷疑他會(huì)在舞臺(tái)上有出色表現(xiàn)。 ②同位語(yǔ)從句 (doubt 處于肯定句中時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句用whether 引導(dǎo);whether處于否定句中時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句用that 引導(dǎo)),一,二,三,四,五,六,There is no doubt that he will be satisfied with our new design. 毫無疑問,他會(huì)對(duì)我們的新設(shè)計(jì)滿意的。 There is still some doubt whether people will accept such a new fashion. 對(duì)于人們是否會(huì)接受這個(gè)新潮流依然有些疑問。,一,二,三,四,一、在空格處填上適當(dāng)?shù)拿~性從句引導(dǎo)詞 1.As John Lennon once said,life is happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 2.—What a mess!You are always so lazy! —I’m not to blame,Mum.I am you have made me. 3. the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 4.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said,“That’s I was born.” 5.It is difficult for us to imagine life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 6. one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.,what,what,When,where,what,Whichever,一,二,三,四,7.It remains to be seen the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice. 8.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 9.Sarah hopes to become a friend of shares her interests. 10.What is concerning us greatly is the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set free.,whether,that,whoever,whether/when,一,二,三,四,二、完成句子 1.It is none of your business (其他人如何看待你).Believe in yourself. 2.The professor suggested (我們將身體保持平衡). 3. (使小男孩感興趣的)was the movable wheels on the toy. 4.We should show our great thanks to (凡是幫助過我們的人) when we are in trouble. 5. (他在比賽中得了一等獎(jiǎng)) made his parents feel very proud.,what other people think about you,that we should keep our body in balance,What interested the boy,whoever has helped us,That he got the first prize in the competition,一,二,三,四,6.It seemed to me that she was in doubt (她是否會(huì)被她的新同學(xué)接受). 7.The fact (自然資源正面臨嚴(yán)重的威脅)has aroused the attention of all countries around the world. 8.I’ve put a cross on the map to show (那個(gè)著名的旅店在什么地方). 9.My decision is (我們所有人6點(diǎn)出發(fā))tomorrow morning. 10. (這個(gè)問題能否解決) within a month remains to be seen.,whether she would be accepted by her new classmates,that natural resources are facing serious threat,where that famous hotel is,that all of us are to start at 6 o’clock,Whether the problem will be solved,一,二,三,四,三、語(yǔ)法填空 Eleven-year-old Angela was stricken with a disease involving her nervous system.The doctors did not hold out much hope of her ever recovering 1. this illness.They predicted she’d spend the rest of her life in a wheelchair.2. Angela firmly believed that she was definitely going to be walking again someday.The doctors were charmed by her 3. (defeatable) spirit.They taught her about imaging—about seeing herself 4. (walk) .Angela would work as hard as possible in physical therapy(理療),lying there faithfully doing her imaging,visualizing herself moving,moving,moving!,from,But,undefeatable,walking,一,二,三,四,One day,5. she was straining with all her might to imagine her legs moving again,6. seemed as though a miracle happened:the bed moved!She screamed out,“Look,what I 7. (do)!Look!Look!I can do it!I moved,I moved!” Of course,8. this very moment everyone 9. in the hospital was screaming,too.It was the San Francisco earthquake.But don’t tell 10. to Angela.She’s convinced that she did it.And now only a few years later,she’s back in school on her own two legs.No walking sticks,no wheelchair.,as/when,it,am doing,at,else,that/it,一,二,三,四,四、短文改錯(cuò) When a rabbit sees something danger,it runs away.Its tail moves up and down as it runs.When the other rabbit see this tail moved up and down,they know that there is danger,and they run,too.Many other animals use this kind of language.When a bee has found some food,it go back to their home.It can’t tell other bees where the food is with speaking to them,but it does a little dance in air.This tells the bees at home there the food is.Some animals say things by make sounds.A dog barks when a stranger goes near.A cat purrs when pleased.,一,二,三,四,