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專項六 動詞和動詞短語,一、動詞詞義辨析 動詞包括連系動詞、及物動詞和不及物動詞、持續(xù)性動詞與非持續(xù)性動詞，是高考考查的重點，無論是單項填空還是完形填空等題型中，動詞辨析的比重都很大，并有逐年增加的趨勢。動詞辨析主要指： 1. 詞形相近的動詞之間的辨析。如：lie，lay；rise，raise；sit，seat 等。,Part,規(guī)律印證 考 點 落 實 ， 步 步 為 “ 贏 ”,[邊 做 邊 悟],2．意義相近的動詞之間的辨析。如：borrow，lend；speak，say，talk；hope，wish 等。 3．動詞與其他詞形相近、意義相似的詞的辨析。如：advise，advice；cost，worth；pass, past 等。 4．意義不同但容易混淆的動詞的辨析。如：explain, say；discover，invent；uncover，find 等。 5．某些常用動詞的習慣用法的辨析。如： ask，give，call，make，get，keep，want，see，hear 等。 6．某些常用動詞短語的辨析。如：give in，give up；turn on，turn off，turn down，turn up 等。,①(2013·新課標全國卷Ⅱ) 那塊表很不錯，他以20%的折扣價買下了它。 The watch was very good, and he ________ 20 percent down for it. ②(2013·福建卷) 米歇爾找到了一份高中教師的工作，(這份工作)需要和學生待在一起的時間比較長。 Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which ________ spending quite a lot of time with students. ③(2013·湖北卷) 按照該法律，所有的外國人在到來的兩周內(nèi)必須在當?shù)鼐降怯洝?According to the law, all foreigners have to ________ with the local police within two weeks of arrival.,④ (2013·江蘇卷) ——這座城市太美了。我非常喜歡。 ——我也是。這個城鎮(zhèn)的特色保留得很好。 —The town is so beautiful! I just love it. —Me too.The character of the town is well ________. 答案 ①paid ②involves ③register ④preserved,二、動詞短語辨析 動詞短語是指動詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習慣搭配。需掌握以下要點： 1．根據(jù)動詞短語的不同特點，掌握其運用規(guī)律。 (1)動詞 ＋ 副詞 (不及物) Tom turned up after the party when everyone had left. (2)動詞 ＋ 副詞 (及物) Please turn every light in the house off. 注意：如果賓語較長，就應避免把副詞同動詞分開。 She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 如果賓語是人稱代詞，只能放在動詞和副詞之間。 She gave them away.,(3)動詞 ＋ 介詞(及物) You should learn to care about others. 注意：當它跟賓語時，不能把介詞放在賓語后面。 (4)動詞 ＋ 副詞 ＋ 介詞 I look forward to seeing you soon. 注意：“動詞 ＋ 介詞”、“動詞 ＋ 名詞 ＋ 副詞”、“動詞 ＋ 副詞 ＋介詞 ”，這三種搭配都是及物的，如變成被動語態(tài)，不可漏掉介詞。 In this way both grain and vegetables can be well looked after.(不能漏掉 after),2．熟悉同一動詞和不同介詞或副詞、不同動詞和同一介詞或同一副詞搭配在意義上的差異。 (1)同一動詞和不同介詞搭配時意義上的差異。 hear from 收到……的來信 hear of 聽說 look after 照料 look at 看 look for尋找 (2)同一動詞和不同副詞搭配時意義上的差異。 ring back 回電話 ring off掛斷電話 ring up 打電話 put away 放好，收起 put on 穿上；上演 put up掛起；舉起,(3)不同動詞和同一介詞搭配時意義上的差異。 look for 尋找 ask for請求 wait for 等候 send for派人去叫 (4)不同動詞和同一副詞搭配時意義上的差異。 break out 發(fā)生；爆發(fā) carry out 進行；開展 go out 熄滅 hand out 分發(fā) let out 放出 look out 當心 sell out 賣完 set out 出發(fā) take out 取出 work out 算出 break down壞了 come down落下來 get down 下車 take down 取下 write down 寫下,①(2013·新課標全國卷Ⅰ) 在最后的時刻，湯姆決定添加一個新人物，以使故事顯得更真實。 At the last moment, Tom decided to ________ a new character to make the story seem more likely. ②(2013·新課標全國卷Ⅱ) 你今晚愿意和我們一起去看電影嗎？ Would you like to ________ with us to the film tonight? ③(2013·湖北卷) 在很多動物世界里，夜晚完全是用來睡覺的時間。 In much of the animal world, night is the time ________ for sleep —pure and simple.,④(2013·江蘇卷) 團隊領導必須確保所有的成員克服他們本能的欲望以避免因犯錯而帶來的尷尬。 Team leaders must ensure that all members ________ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes. 答案 ①put in ②come along ③set aside ④get over,1．【誤】 The mixture is tasted terrible. 【正】 The mixture tastes terrible. 解析 連系動詞無被動語態(tài)。 2．【誤】 After studying in a medical college for five years，Jane took over her job as a doctor in the country side. 【正】 After studying in a medical college for five years，Jane took up her job as a doctor in the country-side. 解析 對 take up 的意思掌握不全面，不知道該短語除了表示“占用”之意外，還可以表示“開始從事……”。,[考 點 警 示],3．【誤】 He can't be at home now，for I saw him work out in the gym just now. 【正】 He can't be at home now，for I saw him working out in the gym just now. 解析 不能正確的區(qū)分用作賓語補足語的非謂語形式。此處根據(jù)語境應選擇 see sb doing 結(jié)構(gòu)。 4．【誤】 They have become friends since they met in Shanghai. 【正】 They have been friends since they met in Shang- hai. 解析 不能區(qū)分延續(xù)性動詞和短暫性動詞的使用特點 since 主句的動詞必須是延續(xù)性的。,5．【誤】 In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained sticking abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. 【正】 In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. 解析 不能正確掌握動詞 remain 的使用特點。此處 remain 用作系動詞，接過去分詞作表語，表示主語所處狀態(tài)或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動動作。,1．熟詞生義及詞性轉(zhuǎn)化 Parents and children should communicate more to ________ the gap between them so that they can understand each other better. 答案 narrow [句意：為了縮小代溝，進而增進彼此間的理解，父母同子女之間應該多交流。根據(jù)句意及gap(代溝)可知填narrow(使變窄)。],[易 錯 防 范],2．動詞短語搭配意義混淆 —OK, I've had enough of it.I give up. —You can't ________ your responsibilities. 答案 run away from [句意：——好了，我受夠了。我放棄了?！悴荒芴颖苣愕呢熑?。],3．相似短語搭配意義混淆 It's surprising that your brother ________ Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long. 答案 picked up [句意：你的弟弟學習俄語學得如此快，真是令人驚訝——他還沒在那兒住多長時間。],