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專項(xiàng)七 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (1)表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，多用行為動(dòng)詞，且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 ①(2013·陜西卷) On Monday mornings it usually ________ (take)me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. (2)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理(不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制) ②The geography teacher told us the earth __________ (move) around the sun.,Part,規(guī)律印證 考 點(diǎn) 落 實(shí) ， 步 步 為 “ 贏 ”,[邊 做 邊 悟],(3)表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 ③(2013·重慶卷) A Midsummer Night's Dream ________ (open)at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland. (4)在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。但要注意由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中有時(shí)可以用shall或will表“意愿”，不表示時(shí)態(tài)。 ④(2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)If we ________ (not act)now to protect the environment, we'll live to regret it.,(5)以here, there開(kāi)頭的句子里，go, come等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 There comes the bus.汽車來(lái)了。 Here she comes.她來(lái)了。 答案 ①takes ②moves ③opens ④don't act,二、一般過(guò)去時(shí) (1)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 ①(四川卷)—You speak very good French! —Thanks.I ________ (study)French in Sichuan University for four years. (2)表達(dá)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 ②(2013·山東卷) I didn't think I'd like the movie, but actually it ________ (be)pretty good. ③(2013·安徽卷)I'm calling about the apartment you ________ (advertise)the other day.Could you tell me more about it?,(3)有些動(dòng)詞如：think, want, plan等用在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中常常譯為“原來(lái)認(rèn)為/以為，原來(lái)想，原計(jì)劃”。 I thought the film would be interesting, but it isn't. 我原以為這部電影是很有趣的，但是事實(shí)并非如此。 答案 ①studied ②was ③advertised,三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，說(shuō)話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。 ①(2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I ________ ( change)my mind. ②(2013·山東卷) —Oh no! We're too late.The train ________ (leave)． —That's OK.We'll catch the next train to London. 答案 ①have changed ②has left,(2)表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for.”，“since.”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 He has learned English for six years. 他學(xué)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)六年了。 They have worked here since they left college. 他們大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后就在這里工作。,四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) (1)表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 (2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) We ________ (leave)very early so we packed the night before. 答案 were leaving,(2)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(這一過(guò)去時(shí)間須用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示)。 He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 昨天一整天他都在準(zhǔn)備他的演講。 (3)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)動(dòng)作。 He said he was arriving the next day. 他說(shuō)他將在第二天到達(dá)。,五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) (1)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 (2013·天津卷)The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ________ ( repaired)one of the main pipes. 答案 are repairing (2)表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 My father is coming to see me this Saturday. 這個(gè)星期六我爸爸要來(lái)看我。,六、一般將來(lái)時(shí) (1)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作和存在的狀態(tài)。 (2013·湖南卷) “What do you want to be？” asked Mrs.Crawford.“ Oh, I ________ (be)president，” said the boy with a smile. 答案 will be (2)表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。 Oil will float on water.油會(huì)浮在水面上。 Crops will die without water.沒(méi)有水莊稼會(huì)死亡。,七、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) (1)只有及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；不及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 ①Food supplies in the flood stricken area ________ (快要用完了)．We must act immediately before there's none left. ②(2013·北京卷)—So what is the procedure? —All the applicants ________ ( interview)before a final decision is made by the authority.,(2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成為be＋過(guò)去分詞，只要變換be的形式就可以得到不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，除be外被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式還有：get/become ＋過(guò)去分詞 ③Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I ________ (被付給報(bào)酬)on Friday. 答案 ①are running out ②are interviewed ③get paid,(3)有一類動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞又可作不及物動(dòng)詞。如果表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在的特征、性質(zhì)或所處的狀態(tài)而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作本身，一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，常見(jiàn)的有read, write, drive, sell, wash, open, lock, shut等。請(qǐng)?jiān)囍w會(huì)下面句子中黑體部分的不同。 His books sell well, so they are sold soon. 他的書(shū)很暢銷，因此很快就賣光了。 The door won't open, so we will ask a repairman to open it.這門打不開(kāi)，所以我們請(qǐng)修理工打開(kāi)它。,1．Nancy is not coming tonight.But she ________！(promise) 【誤】 has promised 【正】 promised 解析 南希“答應(yīng)要來(lái)”這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在過(guò)去，是過(guò)去作出的承諾，前文已告訴我們“她不來(lái)了”，因此諾言已跟現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系，只是過(guò)去的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。,[考 點(diǎn) 警 示],2．托尼給我打電話時(shí)，我剛完成工作，要開(kāi)始洗澡。 【誤】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and started to take a shower. 【正】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower. 解析 從關(guān)鍵信息 I had just finished my work 可以看出是“正要開(kāi)始洗澡”應(yīng)該是進(jìn)行時(shí)，was starting 可以表示馬上就要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；而 started 表示“開(kāi)始了”。,3. 很多的鳥(niǎo)類正被人們捕殺。 【誤】 Many birds are killed now. 【正】 Many birds are being killed now. 解析 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)要完整，不能遺漏 其中的助動(dòng)詞，導(dǎo)致時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。,1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性或永久性的狀態(tài)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在已完成，或過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。 ①(江西高考)—Look! Somebody ________ (clean)the sofa. —Well, it wasn't me.I didn't do it. ②(安徽高考)In order to find the missing child, villagers ________ (do)all they can over the past five hours.,[易 錯(cuò) 防 范],2．一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，常與過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況，常與一段時(shí)間連用；一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)什么聯(lián)系；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already, ever, never, yet, just等詞連用。 ③(湖南高考)It is the most instructive lecture that I ________ (attend)since I came to this school.,3．一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的比較 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去；而過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。 ④(山東高考)She was surprised to find the fridge empty；the children ________ (eat)everything! ⑤(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)If you don't like the drink you ________ (order)just leave it and try a different one. 答案 ①has cleaned ②have been doing ③have attended ④had eaten ⑤ordered,4．be going to與will表將來(lái)的比較 be going to表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的事情；而will不強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的計(jì)劃性，多指臨時(shí)的決定或安排。 —Mary is ill.I am going to visit her. —Sorry, I didn't know.I will go with you. ——瑪麗病了，我打算去看她。 ——抱歉我不知道，我和你一塊去。,