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2016高考導(dǎo)航——適用于全國卷Ⅰ,專題3 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài),,專題3 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài),,1．(2015高考全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空，節(jié)選)This cycle_______ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. 2．If it____________(turn) cold again，they’ll dive back down.But they come out again if it is warm.Last，how much will an ant gather during the summer to prepare for the winter?,考點(diǎn)一 一般時,goes,turns,3．The boy____________(open)his eyes for a moment， looked at the captain，and then died. 4．(2015河南高考適應(yīng)性模擬)If I hold it for a minute， that’s not a problem.If I hold it for an hour，I____________ (have) an ache in my right arm.If I hold it for a day，you’ll have to call an ambulance.,opened,will have,1．一般現(xiàn)在時 (1)一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。由動詞原形或動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式(be動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時用am/is/are)構(gòu)成。 My dream school starts at 8：30 a．m. and ends at 3：30 p．m我理想的學(xué)校上午8：30上課，下午3：30放學(xué)。,(2)如果主句是一般將來時，那么在由when，while，before，after，until，as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，if和unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句及讓步狀語從句中，可用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時，表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。 The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started. 這位總統(tǒng)希望人民在他離任時比他剛上任時更富有。,2．一般過去時 (1)常表示過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的時間狀語連用；也可表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作。 (2015高考重慶卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)—Is Peter coming? ——彼得要來嗎？ —No，he changed his mind after a phone call at the last minute. ——不來了。在最后時刻接了一個電話后他改變了主意。,(2015高考湖南卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I asked，“What do you wish me to do now？” 當(dāng)我問：“你現(xiàn)在想要我做什么？”的時候，我掩飾不住內(nèi)心的渴望之情。 (2)有些句子，雖然沒有明確地表示過去的時間狀語，但實(shí)際上指的是過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，也要用一般過去時。常見的此類動詞有know，think，expect，want等。 Edward，you play so well.But I didn’t know you played the piano. 愛德華，你彈得真好。但是我原來不知道你會彈鋼琴。,3．一般將來時 “shall/will＋動詞原形”表示現(xiàn)在看來以后要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)?！皐ill＋動詞原形”還可以表示說話時臨時做出的決定。 (2015高考北京卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment. ——杰克遜博士現(xiàn)在不在辦公室。 —All right.I will call him later. ——好的。我稍后給他打電話。 I hope you will behave yourself at the dinner party. 我希望你在晚宴上表現(xiàn)得大方得體。,單句語法填空 1．Years ago，when I was a poor artist trying to sell my paintings in local galleries，I____________(live) in the heart of a city. 2．(2015山東日照二模)Therefore，maintaining a healthy diet not only____________(provide) your body with energy but also numerous health benefits.,lived,provides,3．(2015河南考前質(zhì)量檢測二)Man changes his living habits in order to adjust to climate，but climate_____________ (change) as well，though more slowly.By learning more about his climate，man will find a way to adapt to or control it and live a more comfortable life. 4．(2016安徽安慶五校聯(lián)考)—I was very angry with Kelvin yesterday. —I know your feelings，but if you forgive him，you________ (be) a bigger man.,changes,will be,1．He____________(look) for a house when he saw an advertisement in a newspaper one day. 2．(2015高考陜西卷，語法和詞匯知識，改編)Marty ___________________(work) really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday. 3．(2015龍口模擬)McDonald’s ____________(work) hard to get its customers back now.In January，the company ran an advertisement during the Super Bowl.,考點(diǎn)二 進(jìn)行時,was looking,has been working,is working,1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 (1)表示說話時正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 —I hear you are working in a pub.What’s it like? ——我聽說你在酒吧工作。感覺怎么樣？ —Well，it’s very hard work and I’m always tired，but I don’t mind. ——哦，工作很辛苦，我也總是很累，不過我不介意。,(2)某些表示位置移動的動詞，如come，go，leave，arrive，start，move等詞，可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示即將發(fā)生或計劃要做的事。 The ship is leaving for New York soon. 這條船很快就要開往紐約。,2．過去進(jìn)行時 (1)表示過去某時正在發(fā)生的動作,或與過去發(fā)生的某事同時發(fā)生的動作;也可表示過去某個時間段內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行的動作。 I walked slowly through the market，where people were selling all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. 我慢慢地走過一個市場，人們在那里銷售各種各樣的水果 與蔬菜。我認(rèn)真地研究了它們的價格之后，買了些我所需要 的。,(2)短暫性動詞可用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去按計劃、安排要做的 事。 I was coming to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.我本打算那天晚些時候去看你，但是我不得不打電話取消了。,3．將來進(jìn)行時 表示將來某時或某一時段正在進(jìn)行的動作，常表示事情的正常發(fā)展。 —Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon? ——今天下午兩點(diǎn)我給你回電話可以嗎？ —I’m sorry，but by then I will be flying to Beijing.How about five? ——對不起，那時我正飛往北京，五點(diǎn)鐘怎么樣？,單句語法填空 1．(2015河南頂級名校5月模擬)“I____________(eat) with my wife and children，”he said，“when we heard a loud noise.A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us.” 2．(2015臨沂模擬)Alice and her classmates_______________ (enjoy) their holiday this time next month. 3．(2015山東師大附中模擬)They have lit our dinnertime，the bedrooms and now I____________(sit) by one in the kitchen.,was eating,will be enjoying,am sitting,1．(2015濰坊高考模擬) At last firefighters have put out a big forest fire in California.Since then，they__________(set) about finding out how the fire began. 2．(2015滕州5月模擬)One Friday afternoon，after she had finished shopping and had taken all the things to her car，she found that she______________(forget) to buy some sugar. 3．(2016山東鄒城一中月考)That was the first time I____________(be) to Hong Kong so I had great difficulty finding the hotel.,考點(diǎn)三 完成時,have set,had forgotten,had been,一、現(xiàn)在完成時 1．表示過去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或結(jié)果，常與lately，recently，so far，by now，up to/till now，in the last/past few days/years等時間狀語連用。 Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.到目前為止，工作進(jìn)展得很順 利，我們確信一定會按時完工。,2．表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)的動作或狀態(tài)，常與“since＋時間點(diǎn)”或“for＋時間段”等表示一段時間的狀語連用。 —I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me? ——我記得你在大學(xué)時是一位極有才華的鋼琴師。你能為我彈鋼琴嗎？ —Sorry，I haven’t played the piano for years. ——抱歉，我好多年沒有彈鋼琴了。,二、過去完成時 1．表示到過去某一時間之前動作已經(jīng)完成，即“過去的過 去”?；虮硎緩倪^去某一時間開始，延續(xù)到過去另一時間的 動作或狀態(tài)，這一動作或狀態(tài)可能一直持續(xù)到過去這一時 刻，也可能將繼續(xù)下去。 By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had graduated from college. 杰克從英國回到家時，他的兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。,2．有時可表示一種未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或想法，常用于該用法的動詞有intend，mean，hope，want，plan，suppose，expect，think等。 He had intended to speak，but time did not permit. 他本想發(fā)言，可是時間不允許。,三、完成進(jìn)行時 完成進(jìn)行時表示從過去某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動 作。這一動作可能剛完成，也可能仍在進(jìn)行，具有持續(xù)性和未完成性。該時態(tài)多用于延續(xù)性動詞。 The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 a．m從上午9點(diǎn)開始，經(jīng)理就一直在告訴工人們?nèi)绾胃倪M(jìn)這個項(xiàng)目。 In order to find the missing child，villagers have been doing all they can over the past five hours.為了找到那個失蹤的孩子，過去的五小時里，村民們做了他們所能做的一切。,四、將來完成時 將來完成時表示在將來的某一時間之前將會完成的動作，并往往對將來的某一時間產(chǎn)生影響。由“shall/will＋have＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成。 By the time Mr.Smith arrives at the supermarket，we will have stayed there for one hour.等史密斯先生到達(dá)超市時，我們將已經(jīng)在那里待了一個小時了。,名師指津 常用完成時的句型,單句語法填空 1．(2015淮安二模)Global oil prices_________________(fall) since June as demand weakens in China and Europe while output in the United States grows steadily. 2．(2015高考北京卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)In the last few years，China____________(make) great achievements in environmental protection.,have been falling,has made,3．(2015浙江杭州一次質(zhì)檢)Mr.White____________(work) in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month. 4．(2015聊城模擬)By next Thursday，they_________________ (complete) the construction of the new school.,had worked,will have completed,1．(2015高考湖南卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but ____________(hold) back thankfully by the shop window. 2．After everything____________(do) and just after he left the barber’s，he saw a man in the street with long dirty hair.,考點(diǎn)四 被動語態(tài),was held,was done,3．(2015日照模擬)—Have they got our car repaired? —I don’t know.But it___________________(repair) when I called them yesterday. 4．(2015江西鷹潭二模)If you so desire and cannot afford one，a lawyer___________________(appoint) without any charge before any questioning.,was being repaired,will be appointed,1．被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，be動詞有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。被動語態(tài)常見的時態(tài)變化列表如下：,am/is/are＋過去分詞,am/is/are being＋過去分詞,have/has been＋過去分詞,was/were＋過去分詞,was/were being＋過去分詞,had been＋過去分詞,shall/will be＋過去分詞,should/would be＋過去分詞,shall/will have been＋過去分詞,Don’t worry.The hard work that you do now will be repaid later in life. 不要擔(dān)心，你現(xiàn)在的努力工作在以后的生活中會得到回報 的。 In the spoken English of some areas in the U．S.，the“r”sounds at the end of the words are dropped. 在美國一些地方的口語中，單詞結(jié)尾的“r”的發(fā)音通常被省 略掉了。,2．主動形式表示被動意義 以下形式常用主動形式表示被動意義：,smell，taste，feel，look，sound，prove，turn等后接形容詞作表語時。,表示主語的屬性、特征或功能的詞，如read，write，sell，wash等，常與well，badly，easily，smoothly等副詞連用時。,表示“開始”、“結(jié)束”的詞：如begin，start，finish，end等。,Your suggestion proved quite effective.你的建議已被證明是很有效的。,This pen writes smo－othly.這支筆寫起來很流暢。,The party finished with a song.聚會以一首歌曲結(jié)束。,need，want，require(需 要)，deserve(值得)等后 接doing時。,The clock needs winding once a week. 這只鬧鐘需要每周上一次發(fā)條。,在be＋adj.(difficult，hard，heavy，dangerous，pleasant，comfortable等)＋to do結(jié)構(gòu)中。,It’s difficult to see how more savings can be made. 看到如何進(jìn)一步節(jié)約是很難的。,單句語法填空 1．(2015山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)二模)She____________(elect)to the New York State Assembly.In 1968 she announced she would run for the United States Congress. 2．(2015江西九江三模)To the customers’ satisfaction，teas of the same high quality____________(serve) in each shop every day. 3．—What a pity！I missed The Voice of China last night. —Don’t worry.It_____________________(broadcast) again this weekend.,was elected,are served,will be broadcasted,技法1 先“時間”后“選體”，確定時態(tài) (1)考生在做有關(guān)時態(tài)的試題時，首先要確定動作發(fā)生的時間：①根據(jù)句中明確的時間狀語或是時間標(biāo)志詞來確定時間；②根據(jù)上下文語境，挖掘其隱含信息，弄清時間的先后順序，確定動作是發(fā)生在過去、現(xiàn)在還是將來。 (2)對應(yīng)不同的時間要根據(jù)以下幾點(diǎn)確定時態(tài)的“體”：動作是否已完成、是否反復(fù)出現(xiàn)、是否是正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行中以及是否是按計劃和安排要做的事情。,(2015臨沂模擬)The girl has a great interest in sport and_____________________(take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 【解析】 句意：這個女孩很喜歡運(yùn)動，在過去的三年里，她一直堅持每周上兩次羽毛球興趣班。根據(jù)句中時間標(biāo)志短語over the last three years可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，故填has been taking。,has been taking,技法2 分析主謂的邏輯關(guān)系，確定語態(tài) 根據(jù)主語和謂語之間的邏輯關(guān)系確定動詞的語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)中的主謂部分除了明顯的被動關(guān)系外，還有特殊用法，如主動形式表示被動含義。,(2015高考湖北卷，完成句子，改編)The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project __________________(finish)by the students independently. 【解析】 根據(jù)主句中的was delighted to find可知，其后從 句表示的“三分之二的工程已經(jīng)被完成了”應(yīng)用過去完成時 的被動語態(tài)。,had been finished,