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命題分析,專題8 特殊句式,,1．(2015高考重慶卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century____________his musical gift was fully recognized. 2．(2016安徽合肥名校聯(lián)考改編)It was not the word you said ____________angered Mr.Zhang，but how you said it. 3．(2015陜西質(zhì)量檢測(cè))It is your attitude towards it ____________matters.We should take the advantages and avoid some bad effects.,考點(diǎn)一 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,that,that,that,1．強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法 (1)基本句型：It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who. It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通過(guò)傾聽(tīng)和相互理解，孩子和父母之間的問(wèn)題才可能被解決。 (強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語(yǔ)) (2014高考福建卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)It was the culture，rather than the language，that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.是文化而不是語(yǔ)言使他很難適應(yīng)國(guó)外的新環(huán)境。(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)),(2)一般疑問(wèn)句形式： Is/Was it＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋其他？ (2014高考四川卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr.Smith got angry？是因?yàn)榻芸松蠈W(xué)遲到使史密斯先生生氣的嗎？ (3)特殊疑問(wèn)句形式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋is/was it＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他？ When was it that he made up his mind to take this course？他是什么時(shí)候決定選修這門課程的？,易錯(cuò)警示 如果由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句必須使用陳述語(yǔ)序，不可用疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序。 He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.他問(wèn)我是誰(shuí)錯(cuò)拿了他的雨傘。 (4)含有not.until.的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/was not until＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that. It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan. 直到信的末尾她才提到她自己的計(jì)劃。,2．強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要在所強(qiáng)調(diào)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞do，does或did。 The family did manage to send him to a technical school.家里的確設(shè)法讓他上技術(shù)學(xué)校。,單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2015湖南衡陽(yáng)一聯(lián))It was in the final days of my husband’s life，as I sat by his bed，____________I tried to memorize his loving hands. 2．(2015南陽(yáng)一中二模)It is only in the last few years __________freeflying has gained any real public acceptance. 3．(2015石家莊二模)On receiving my learner’s permit a couple of months ago，I started driving lessons straight away.However，it wasn’t until two days ago____________ Dad finally allowed me to drive on the motorway.,that,that,that,1．(2015高考天津卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編) Only when Lily walked into the office____________she realize that she had left the contract at home. 2．(2014高考陜西卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)No sooner ____________Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.,考點(diǎn)二 倒裝句,did,had,一、部分倒裝 部分倒裝是指把謂語(yǔ)的一部分(助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)置于主語(yǔ)之前。這類句型主要有以下幾種形式： 1．當(dāng)否定詞或帶有否定意義的詞或短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，常用部分倒裝。這類詞或短語(yǔ)有：little，few，never，seldom，rarely，by no means，not only，not until，at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，in no way，no sooner，hardly，scarcely等。 Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important. 直到他經(jīng)歷了真正的困難，他才意識(shí)到我們對(duì)家人的愛(ài)的重 要性。,Not only will help be given to people to find jobs，but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不僅要給那些找工作的人提供幫助，而且也要給那些有需要的人提供醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)。 2．當(dāng)only修飾的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)，用部分倒裝。 (2014高考湖南卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有當(dāng)你找到內(nèi)心的平靜時(shí)你才能與他人保持良好的關(guān)系。,3．so/neither/nor置于句首時(shí)，用部分倒裝。 (1)“so＋be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”表示前面所說(shuō)的肯定情況也適合于另一人或物，意為“……也是如此”。 —I’ve got an enormous amount of work to do. ——我有大量的作業(yè)要做。 —So have I. ——我也如此。,(2)“neither/nor＋be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”表示前面否定的內(nèi)容也適用于另一人或物，意為“……也不這樣”。 This is not my story，nor is it the whole story.My story plays out differently. 這并不是(關(guān)于)我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的結(jié)局是不同的。 4．在so/such.that.結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)“so＋形容詞/副詞”或“such＋名詞”位于句首時(shí)，用部分倒裝。 (2015杭州五校第一次聯(lián)考)So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.他突然患 病，全家人全然不知所措。,5．在as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句的表語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)/動(dòng)詞位于句首時(shí)，用部分倒裝。如果位于句首的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其前不加冠詞。 (2015天津六校第一次聯(lián)考)Hard as they tried，they couldn’t make her change her mind. 盡管他們盡力了，但他們還是沒(méi)能讓她改變主意。 6．在非真實(shí)條件句中，條件句中的if省略時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞had，were，should提到主語(yǔ)前面。 Should he (＝If he should)come，tell him to ring me up.如果他來(lái)了，告訴他給我打電話。,二、完全倒裝 完全倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完全提到主語(yǔ)之前。 1．表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)是名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，句子需用完全倒裝。此 時(shí)，句子多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 The moment the bell rang，out rushed the children. 鈴一響，孩子們沖了出去。,易錯(cuò)警示 主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞時(shí)，則不倒裝。 The moment the bell rang，out they rushed. 鈴一響，他們沖了出去。 2．當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)是名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，為了避免頭重腳輕，句子需進(jìn)行完全倒裝。 (2015長(zhǎng)沙二模)Next door to ours live a foreign couple，who seem to have settled into life in China.我們隔壁住著一對(duì)外國(guó)夫婦，他們看起來(lái)已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了中國(guó)的生活。,3．有時(shí)為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或突出、強(qiáng)調(diào)，將作表語(yǔ)的介詞短 語(yǔ)、形容詞、副詞或分詞提到句首，構(gòu)成“表語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋ 主語(yǔ)”的完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 Present at the party were Mr.Green and many other guests.出席晚會(huì)的有格林先生，還有許多別的賓客。,單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2015福建4月檢測(cè))Only when she began to write Growing Up Again ____________she regret ignoring her mum. 2．The headmaster will not permit the change in the course；nor____________he even give it a thought.,did,will,1．(2015河北邢臺(tái)高三摸底考試)Officer：Madam，there ____________(be) signs that say what the speed limit is. 2．(2015河南洛陽(yáng)第二次統(tǒng)考)“An apple a day keeps the doctor away.”also____________(show) a healthy everyday habit helps to build up our body. 3．(2014高考湖南卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)All we need ____________(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.,考點(diǎn)三 主謂一致,are,shows,is,4．The famous musician，as well as his students， ____________(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.,was invited,1．語(yǔ)法一致原則 主語(yǔ)后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 Mr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯先生和他的妻子、女兒們今年夏天將要一起參觀北京。 I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident.我認(rèn)為是湯姆而不是你該為此事故負(fù)責(zé)任。,2．就近一致原則 (1)由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會(huì)議。 (2)由there，here引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil－box. 文具盒內(nèi)有一支鉛筆和兩支鋼筆。,3．意義一致原則 (1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)(不可分割的整體)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 A needle and thread was given to her，but she could not sew the button on. 針線給了她，但她不會(huì)把紐扣縫上。 (2)“no/each/every/many a ＋單數(shù)名詞＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 單數(shù)。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一個(gè)人都很有理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。,(3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用 單數(shù)。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。,單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2016安徽安慶聯(lián)考)Making a speech in front of a crowd of people____________(be) not his strength，but he makes up for it with his heart and efforts. 2．(2015鄭州質(zhì)量檢測(cè))More than one picture____________ (show) that over 70% of the island____________(be) covered by water. 3．I，who____________(be) your best friend，will surely stand on your side.,is,shows,is,am,技法1 熟記句型結(jié)構(gòu)，輕松定答案 常考的特殊句式都有一定的規(guī)律和句式結(jié)構(gòu)，只要平時(shí)記住這些規(guī)律和特征，便可輕松確定答案。比如強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本結(jié)構(gòu) 為：“It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who.”，其判斷方法 為：若去掉It is/was和that/who之后，句子仍完整，則題干為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。,(2014高考湖南卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)It’s not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do__________ makes life happy. 【解析】 句意：使生活變得快樂(lè)的不是做喜歡做的事情，而是樂(lè)于做我們不得不做的事情。將It’s及設(shè)空處去掉，題干則可還原成：Not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.句子結(jié)構(gòu)及意義依然 完整，可判斷本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，故填that。,that,技法2 巧用還原法，化難為易 對(duì)于一些特殊的句型，一般情況下，考生可以把它還原為正 常句型，如把倒裝語(yǔ)序還原為正常語(yǔ)序，把省略句補(bǔ)全等 等，便能大大降低解題難度。,(2015日照檢測(cè))At the top of the hill__________(lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city. 【解析】 當(dāng)介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)，主句應(yīng)用完全倒裝，去除修飾部分which has a wonderful view of the whole city后， 還原成正常語(yǔ)序：An old cottage____________(lie) at the top of the hill.句意：山頂上坐落著一間能一覽全城美景的古老 小屋。結(jié)合定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以判斷，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí)，故填lies。,lies,1．(2014高考湖南卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編) Children，when ____________(accompany) by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium. 2．(2015青島檢測(cè))The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ____________. 3．Don’t do that again____________you’ll be in trouble.,考點(diǎn)四 其他特殊句式,accompanied,not to,or,1．省略 (1)狀語(yǔ)從句的省略：當(dāng)時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致或從句的主語(yǔ)是it且從句中含be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成下列結(jié)構(gòu)：連詞＋形容詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/不定式。 Although small，the company has about 1，000 buyers in over 30 countries.這家公司雖然小，但它在30多個(gè)國(guó)家有大約1 000個(gè)客戶。,(2)不定式的省略： ①在一定的上下文中，為了避免重復(fù)，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))，只保留不定式符號(hào)to。否定形式的省略用not to。但如果省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有be，have，have been，通常保留這些詞。 ②but用作介詞，意為“除……之外”時(shí)，前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，后接不定式時(shí)，要省略to；但前面沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后接的不定式不省略 to。,③help后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)時(shí),可省略 to,也可不省略。 If he takes on this work，he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.如果他接受了這份工作，除了迎接更大的挑戰(zhàn)之外他別無(wú)選擇。 They did nothing but watch TV last night. 他們昨晚除了看電視什么都沒(méi)做。,2．感嘆句 感嘆句常用來(lái)表示驚嘆、贊美、喜悅等語(yǔ)氣。常見(jiàn)句型： (1)What＋ a/an＋ 形容詞＋單數(shù)名詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！＝How＋形容詞＋a/an＋單詞名詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！ (2)What＋(形容詞)＋不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！ (3)How＋形容詞/副詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！ (4)How＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！ What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I’ve never seen it before. 這種植物真奇怪！我以前從未見(jiàn)過(guò)。 The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.這個(gè)驚人的消息使我意識(shí)到我們將面臨多么嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。,3．祈使句 祈使句常用來(lái)表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、禁止、建議、警告、勸告等。祈使句的主語(yǔ)一般是第二人稱you,但往往省略。祈使句的否定形式一般在動(dòng)詞原形前加don’t,也可用副詞never構(gòu)成。祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式可以在句首加do。祈使句的常見(jiàn)句型： (1)祈使句＋and＋簡(jiǎn)單句 “如果……就……” (2)祈使句＋or/otherwise＋簡(jiǎn)單句 “……否則……” (3)名詞詞組(多含有more，another)＋and＋簡(jiǎn)單句 “如果再……就……” One more day，and I’ll get everything ready. 再多給我一天，我就會(huì)把任何事情準(zhǔn)備好。,Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2015高考北京卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)If ____________ (accept)for the job，you’ll be informed soon. 2．(2014高考重慶卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)—I spent two weeks in London last summer. —Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，____________ you?,accepted,didn’t,Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) (2015高考湖南卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Always to keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. ________________,去掉第一個(gè)to,