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Infinitive 動詞不定式,知識梳理,,Pick out the infinitives in the sentences and tell their functions.,He pretended to be reading attentively when I came in. It is of great help for us to learn English well. I didn’t expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party. She listens to news every day so as to find out what’s going on. The car to be bought is for his sisters. The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.,,( 賓語）,( 主語）,,,( 賓補）,,( 狀語）,,( 定語）,,( 表語）,不定式可作主、賓、表、定、狀、補語。起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用。,歸納,不定式,不定式在句中的作用,It is necessary to tell him the truth.,To tell him the truth is necessary.,,主語,練習,1. 再次見到你真高興。 It’s nice/good / a great pleasure to see you again. 2. 他們那樣做是不明智的。 It is unwise___________________.,,It is + n/ adj. ( for/of sb.) to do,To give up smoking is right.,It is right to give up smoking.,不定式的用法,of them to do like that,不定式在句中的作用,2. I need to attend the meeting.,賓語,練習,他們決定周末去野餐。,They have _______________________at the weekend.,She wants to see the new movie.,decide,/determine, learn, want, expect/ hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help/ afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten,他拒絕借給我自行車。,They ______________me his bike.,不定式的用法,decided to have a picnic,refused to lend,V+ to do (5+3P60),決心學會想希望,拒絕設法愿假裝. 學會答應選計劃,同意請求幫一幫.,不定式在句中的作用,3. Have you got any questions to ask? I have no chair to sit on.,,練習,沒什么可擔心的。,There is nothing to worry about.,定語,Betty是第一個知道真相的人.,Betty was the first to know the truth.,,不定式的用法,修飾抽象名詞如：ability, answer, reply, chance, excuse, idea, moment, reason, time , promise, attempt, way 等+to do(5+3P61),我沒機會外出觀光。,I have no chance to go sightseeing.,不定式在句中的作用,4. The best way to learn English is to make friends with a native speaker.,表語,練習,我的目標是考入北大。,她的夢想是當一名設計師。,My goal is______________________.,Her dream is __________________.,不定式的用法,to be admitted to Beijing University,to become a designer,,不定式在句中的作用,5. I didnt expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party.,,賓補,練習,你可以讓你姐姐幫你一下。,You can ask your sister to help you .,我總是勸他戒煙。,I always advise him to give up smoking.,advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, invite, order, persuade, permit, prefer, tell, want, warn, wish, would like sb. to do (5+3P62),不定式的用法,注意,有些動詞后面的不定式不帶to，如feel（一感）hear,listen to（二聽）make, have, let（三讓） see, watch, notice, observe（四看）.,I heard them sing a pop song . The teacher made me answer the question. We watched them play football .,不定式的用法,,Practice,不定式在句中的作用,練習,我匆忙趕到汽車站，只是發(fā)現(xiàn)汽車剛剛離開。,He’s gone to the office to ask questions.,I hurried to the bus stop, only to find the bus had just left.,6. She listens to the news every day so as to find out what s going on.,7. I was disappointed to hear the news.,狀語,,他去辦公室問問題去了。,不定式的用法,動詞不定式的時態(tài),1. I opened the door to enter the room.,2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.,㈠. 一般式( to do ).,所表示的動作或狀態(tài) 與謂語動詞同時或之后發(fā)生。,不定式的用法,㈡.進行式( to be doing),1. I am very glad to be working with you.,2. He is said to be studying abroad.,不定式所表示的動作與謂語動作同時進行。,動詞不定式的時態(tài),不定式的用法,動詞不定式的時態(tài),㈢.完成式（to have done),1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.,2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.,不定式動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。,不定式的用法,動詞不定式的語態(tài),Nearly half a million people are believed ______ their homes as a result of the disaster. To leave B. to be left C. To be leaving D. to have left 2. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had ordered ____ clear warnings before firing any shots. (2003 上海) to have issued B. being issued C. to issue D. to be issued,,不定式的使用,,動詞不定式的語態(tài),㈠.主動式( to do / to be doing /to have done),We want to learn English well. He is the first student to have got the prize. We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here. She wished to have been reading as much as the others.,當不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者或發(fā)出者時.,不定式的使用,(二)被動式to be done/to have been done,1. He claimed ____in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.（上海98） being badly treated B. treating badly C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated. 2. The transportation will improve a lot in this city, with two new roads _____ in the near future. A. to construct B. being constructed C. to be constructed D. constructing,,不定式的用法,,,當不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的 動作的承受者時.,不定式的其他用法,1. 和疑問詞連用,It is useful to know how to drive.,To know how to drive is useful.,,你決定穿什么參加去參加面試了嗎？ Have you decided what to wear to the interview?,沒人告訴我在哪買票。 Nobody told me where to buy the ticket.,decide, discuss, explain, find out, learn, show, teach, tell, wonder whether/what/who/how/where/when to do,其他用法,2. 和否定詞連用,不定式的其他用法,We turned down the music in order not to disturb the neighbors.,not to do,1. 媽媽讓他不要花太多的時間玩電腦游戲。 Mother told him not to spend too much time on PC games.,2. 他假裝沒看見我。 She pretended not to see me.,其他用法,1. 不定式的完成和進行式,1. 給你添了這么多麻煩，真對不起。 I’m sorry to have brought you so much trouble. 2.我們沒想到你已經(jīng)請了他。 We don’t expect you to have invited her. 3.據(jù)報道他們正在這個地區(qū)修建另外一條鐵路。 They are reported to be building another railway across the region. 4.我們很高興這一段時間和你一起學習。 We are happy to have been studying together with you.,練習鞏固,不定式的其他用法,2. 不定式的被動形式,1. 我被邀請到這里講學，深感榮幸。 It is an honour for me to be asked to give a lecture here. 2. 這個問題還有待解決。 The problem remains to be solved. 3. 每年有很多畢業(yè)生要求被派到最需要的地方工作。 A lot of graduates ask to be sent to work where they are most needed every year. 4. 據(jù)報道，又有一所小學已經(jīng)在汶川建成。 Another primary school is reported to have been built for Children in Wenchuan.,練習鞏固,3.不定式在一些特殊句型中的運用：,…too…to … (Textbook P 59. Ex. 4 ) …enough to … (P 59. Ex. 5 ) It is adj. for sb. to … It is adj. of sb. to… Sb./Sth. is said/ reported to …,難點突破,4.動詞不定式不帶to的特殊情況：,(1)在介詞but, except, besides ,than 前若有實義動詞do時： What do you like to do besides swim? He could do nothing except/but wait. He did nothing else than laugh. I could hardly do less than lie in bed. I did no more than finish the work.,難點突破,(2) 表示“只好,不得不” 的but 之后：(can’t /could not but, can’t / could not help but , can’t choose but) 1)It’s raining hard. I can’t help but stay at home. 2)We could not but face the reality. 3)I can’t choose but finish the work.,4.動詞不定式不帶to的特殊情況：,難點突破,Homework,我沒想到瑪麗會邀請我參加她的生日晚會。 你能告訴我如何到機場嗎？ 那個書架太高了，我夠不到。 你會參加今天下午的會議嗎？ 我今天早晨五點起床以便不錯過第一趟車。 他不是一個容易相處的人。 你真好幫我復習英語。 對不起讓你久等了。,Homework,I didn’t expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party. Can you tell me how to get to the airport? The bookshelf is too high for me to reach. Are you going to attend the meeting to be held this afternoon? I got up at six o’clock this morning in order not to miss the first bus. A person like him is difficult to deal with. It’s very kind of you to help me with my English. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.,不定式的常用句型,too…to …,P 59--,…enough to …,2. This tea is too hot for me to drink. 3. The bench isn’t wide enough for 3 people to sit on. 4. The fence was too high for us to climb over. 5. The blanket isn’t warm enough for me to use in winter. 6. The cupboard was too heavy for James to move.,It is adj. for sb. to …,不定式的常用句型,P 59--,2. It is necessary for Mary to go to the doctor. 3. It was disappointing for us to find the cinema closed. 4. It was interesting for him to read the book.,不定式的常用句型,比較：It is adj. of sb. to…,1. It’s very kind of you to help me. 2. It’s polite of her to say thank you. 3. It’s rude of him to get into the office without knocking the door.,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier ________ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ______ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,Practice,3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _____the first computer.,to invent B. inventing C. to have invented C. having invented,4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _______ to carry all the way home.,much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much,5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______.,A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,6. Little Jim should love _____ to the theatre this evening.,to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking,7. There are five pairs ___,but I’m at a loss which to buy.,to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing,8. ________late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.,A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep,9. With a lot of difficult problems ________,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.,settled B. settling C.to settle D. being settled,10. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_____in making the earth a better place to live.,A.to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing,11. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are trying _____their products more competitive.,to make B. making C. to have made D.having made,12. The teacher asked us_______so much noise.,A.dont make B. not make,C. not making D. not to make,