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復(fù)合句,,,1. (2013湖北高考)Knowing___________________________ reduces the risks of failure and it works like an insurance policy for your own ability. (do) 知道你正在干什么, 能降低失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn), 這就像給自己的能力買了份保險(xiǎn)。 【解析】what you are doing/the thing(s)which/that you are doing?？疾橘e語從句或定語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)選擇。根據(jù)語境英語提示it works和漢語提示“正在干什么”得知答案為what you are doing。,2. (2013北京高考) so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. (make) 讓這本書非比尋常的是作者具有創(chuàng)造性的想象力。 【解析】What makes the book。考查名詞性從句。根據(jù)語境得知題干部分is為系動詞, the creative imagination of the writer為表語, 故is之前為主語從句。從句中主語指事物, 即“讓這本書非比尋常的(東西)”, 故填What makes the book。,3. (2013新課標(biāo)全國卷I)Police have found_______________ the lost ancient statue. (appear) 警察發(fā)現(xiàn)了疑似失竊的古老雕像。 【解析】what appears to be。考查名詞性從句。根據(jù)語境得知考查found后的賓語從句。賓語從句部分屬于無主語情況, 選擇名詞性從句中能作主語的連接代詞what。因此得出答案。,4. (2013江西高考) the window will have to pay for it. (break) 無論你們其中哪個(gè)人弄壞窗子都必須賠償。 【解析】Whichever one of you breaks?？疾槊~性從句。主句謂語為will have to pay, 之前為主語從句, whichever“無論哪一個(gè)”指有范圍的選擇。因此得出答案。,5. (2012湖北高考)I don’t know in the novel that made him burst into tears. (what) 我不知道是小說中的什么東西使他突然淚如泉涌。 【解析】what it was?？疾槊~性從句。I don’t know的后面接的是一個(gè)賓語從句, 注意賓語從句需要使用陳述語序。賓語從句同時(shí)又使用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型: It was. . . that特殊句式。,6. (2012湖北高考)Things aren’t always . (appear) 事情往往不是它們看上去的那樣。 【解析】what they appear(to be)。考查名詞性從句。這個(gè)從句是表語從句, 注意名詞性從句中的疑問語氣都需要用陳述語序來表達(dá)。appear to do sth. 因后面是系動詞, 也可以省略。,7. (2011湖北高考) (令球迷欣喜的)was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament. (delight) 【解析】What delighted the fans。考查名詞性從句。what引導(dǎo)的主語從句。在這個(gè)主語從句中, 缺少主語, 所以我們選擇what。故其答案為“What delighted the fans”。,8. (2011湖北高考) (他突然想到)that he had an important conference to attend the next morning. (occur) 【解析】It occurred to him?？疾槊~性從句。It作形式主語, 真正的主語是后面的that從句。,9. (2013湖北高考)Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, two________________________________ me greatly. (influence) 上學(xué)時(shí)我遇到過很多老師, 其中兩位對我影響很大。 【解析】of whom influenced/of whom have influenced/of them having influenced?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句。根據(jù)語境得知是many teachers中的two, 是所屬關(guān)系, 因此用of +關(guān)系代詞whom, 再根據(jù)語境met暗示用一般過去時(shí)(表動作發(fā)生在過去)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(表過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成了影響)。第三個(gè)答案考查的是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。,10. (2013山東高考)Finally he reached a lonely island from the outside world. (cut) 最后他到了一個(gè)完全與外界隔絕的孤島上。 【解析】which/that was completely cut off?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。根據(jù)語境分析考查定語從句, 當(dāng)先行詞指物且在定語從句中作主語時(shí), 關(guān)系代詞用which或that。與……隔絕用be cut off, 因此得出答案。,11. (2013新課標(biāo)全國卷I)“You can’t judge a book by its cover, ” . (as) 常言道: “人不可貌相?！?【解析】as the old saying goes?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句。令人耳熟能詳?shù)闹V語, 加上熟悉的as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句, as the old saying goes屬于固定句式, 意為“俗話說, 常言道”。,12. (2013湖北高考)I don’t often lose things, so I was quite surprised my wallet and found it wasn’t there. (reach) 我不常丟東西, 所以當(dāng)我拿錢包卻發(fā)現(xiàn)錢包不在時(shí), 大吃一驚。 【解析】when I reached for/the moment I reached for/at the time when I reached for?？疾闀r(shí)間狀語從句。根據(jù)語境was quite surprised和found it wasn’t there. 得知拿錢包動作發(fā)生在過去。因此得出答案。第三個(gè)答案考查定語從句。,13. (2013北京高考)I took my driving license with me on holiday, a car. (hire) 度假的時(shí)候我隨身帶了駕照, 以防我要租車。 【解析】in case I wanted to hire。考查條件狀語從句。根據(jù)語境以防應(yīng)用in case, took一詞暗示從句用一般過去時(shí), 因此得出答案。,14. (2012湖北高考)However , I could not read his handwriting. (try) 不論我怎樣努力, 還是沒法看清他寫的字。 【解析】hard/much I(had)tried?？疾闋钫Z從句。however表示讓步, 根據(jù)句子意思, 從句可以使用一般過去時(shí), 也可以用過去完成時(shí)。,15. (2011湖北高考)Be careful! The machine starts (你一按)the button. (moment) 【解析】the moment you press?？疾闋钫Z從句。the moment名詞用作連詞, 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句, 意為“一……就”。,熱點(diǎn)考向 1 名詞性從句 名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句, 在復(fù)合句中它們分別充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語和同位語。 Ⅰ. 主要考點(diǎn) 1. 主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句的辨析。 2. 主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句連接詞的選擇。,3. 主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句的語序問題。 4. 主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)問題及主謂一致問題。 5. it作形式主語、形式賓語的句型。,Ⅱ. 具體內(nèi)容 1. 分析語境, 辨析從句類型。 2. 掌握名詞性從句中三大連接詞的選擇。 (1)that。從句句意完整, 不缺少任何成分, 除賓語從句中的第一個(gè)that可以省略外, 其余的that一律不能省略。that在句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分, 只起連接作用。,(2)whether/if。從句中含有“是否”意思時(shí)選用。但主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中只能用whether, 不能用if。賓語從句中whether和if一般可以互換, 但賓語從句有or not, 或賓語從句位于動詞discuss和介詞之后時(shí)也只能用whether, 不能用if。whether/if在句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分, 只起連接作用。 (3)特殊疑問詞(組)。從句中含有特殊疑問詞(組)就用它們作連接詞, 如連接代詞who/whoever, whom/whomever, whose, what/whatever, which/whichever; 連接副詞when/whenever, where/wherever, how, why等。它們在句中不但起連接作用, 還在句中充當(dāng)句子成分。,3. 掌握名詞性從句的語序一律用陳述語序(即主語在前謂語在后語序)。 4. 掌握名詞性從句中時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)問題及主謂一致問題。 1)主語從句中的主謂一致 (1)由that, whether, where, when, why, how, whenever等引導(dǎo)的單個(gè)名詞性從句作主語時(shí), 主句的謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。 When we will start hasn’t been made public. That the earthquake-stricken areas need food and tents is obvious.,(2)但由and連接的多個(gè)從句作主語時(shí), 主句的謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What he said and what he did were different. What he will do and how we will help him have not been decided. (3)由what引起的名詞性從句作主語時(shí), 主句的謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式, 但如果表語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 主句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。 What you said has left us much to think about. What our school needs are more young teachers.,2)賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)及否定前移 (1)當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí), 賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)不限, 根據(jù)需要選擇時(shí)態(tài)。 (2)當(dāng)主句是過去時(shí), 則賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與主句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致, 即用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。 (2011山東高考)We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know whether she’ll accept it. (2011北京高考)The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.,(3)但當(dāng)主句是過去時(shí), 賓語從句所敘述的是客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象、科學(xué)真理等時(shí), 從句不受主句限制, 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 He said that light travels much faster than sound. The teacher told us (that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. (4)賓語從句的否定前移。當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞為think, believe, suppose等時(shí), 且主語為第一人稱, 從句的否定提前。 I don’t think he is going to help you with your English, is he?,5. 梳理歸納總結(jié)并熟記it作形式主語、形式賓語的句型。 1)it用作形式主語, 替代主語從句的句型 (1)It +link. v (be) +adj. + that-clause 常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有: necessary, likely, (im)possible, probable, wonderful, (un) important, clear, obvious, evident, apparent, true, good, right, wrong, useless, surprising, unusual, lucky, certain等。 *(2011江蘇高考)It was never clear why the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.,*It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. 注意: It’s necessary/important/strange/natural +that-clause結(jié)構(gòu)中, 從句常用“should do”形式, should可以省略。,(2)It + be +n. + that-clause 常用于該句型的名詞(詞組)有: a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a/no surprise, a /no wonder, a good thing, good news等。 *It is a fact that English is accepted as an international language.,(3)It + be +v. (p. p)+ that-clause 常用于該句型的過去分詞有: said, known, hoped, reported, thought, believed, told, proved, announced, expected, decided, suggested等, 該句型?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句或者含有不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語的簡單句。 *It was announced that only when the fire was under control would the residents be permitted to return to their homes. *It was reported that the supermarket had been robbed last night. =The supermarket was reported to have been robbed last night.,注意: It is suggested/insisted/advised/ordered/ declared/ claimed/requested/required/recommended +that-clause等表示建議、命令類的從句中, 從句應(yīng)用“should do”形式, should可以省略。 *It’s required in the regulations that you(should)not tell other people that password of your e-mail account.,(4)It +vi. + that-clause 常用于該句型的動詞(短語)有: happen, appear, seem, matter, occur, remain, worry, come about, turn out等。 It happened that. . . 碰巧…… It seems that. . . 看來…… It appears that. . . 看來…… It worried sb. that. . . ……使某人著急 *It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.,It remains to be seen +-clause……有待觀察 It occurred to sb. that. . . 某人突然想到…… It suddenly struck sb. that. . . 某人突然想到…… How does it come about +-clause? 怎么會……? *How did it come about that you made such a silly mistake? It matters/doesn’t matter +-clause……有關(guān)系(重要)/沒關(guān)系(不重要) *(2012山東高考)It doesn’t matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. It makes a/no difference +-clause. . . ……有關(guān)系/沒有區(qū)別 It turned out that. . . 結(jié)果是/證明……,(5)It + be +prep. phrase +-clause 常用于該句型的介詞短語有: under discussion, beyond one’s power, (just) like sb. 等。 *(2011重慶高考)It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.,2)it用作形式賓語, 替代賓語從句的句型 it用作形式賓語, 替代賓語從句的句型有兩類: (1)在動詞(短語)enjoy, hate, like, love, appreciate, take(認(rèn)為, 猜想, 假定), put, see to, depend on, rely on等接賓語從句時(shí), 習(xí)慣上在從句前加形式賓語。 *I would appreciate it if you can give me a hand. *I take it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products. (2)make/think/find/feel/consider + it+adj. /n. +-clause *We make it a rule that everyone shall come to school before 7: 30 am.,【真題變式】 1. (2013陜西高考) the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice. (remain) 新成立的委員會的政策能否能付諸實(shí)施還有待觀察。 【解析】It remains to be seen whether。考查名詞性從句中的主語從句。根據(jù)語境得知考查固定句式It remains to be seen +-clause……有待觀察, 再根據(jù)漢語提示可知選whether引導(dǎo)主語從句。因而得出答案。,2. (2013山東高考) the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away. (know) 我們知道當(dāng)我們離開的時(shí)候這些狗會被很好地照顧是一件好事。 【解析】It’s good to know that。考查名詞性從句。根據(jù)語境得知“做……是一件好事”應(yīng)用固定句式It’s good to do sth. 。動詞know之后為賓語從句, 從句中不缺少成分, 故用that表示陳述一件事。,3. (2012北京高考)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt it differently. (express) 杰里不后悔給出評論, 但是他覺得他本來可以用另一種不同的方式來表達(dá)的。 【解析】that he could have expressed?？疾槊~性從句中的賓語從句。動詞felt后應(yīng)該是個(gè)賓語從句, 賓語從句句子完整, 不缺少句子成分, 選用that, 可以省略。根據(jù)語境得知過去本來可以, 應(yīng)用could have done, 因此得出答案。,4. (2012四川高考)Scientists study____________________ make computers. (work) 科學(xué)家研究人類大腦是如何工作以制造出電腦。 答案: how human brains work to。,5. (2012全國卷Ⅰ)It is by no means clear________________ end the strike. (do) 總統(tǒng)會采取什么措施來結(jié)束這次罷工根本不為人知。 答案: what the president can do to。,6. (2012福建高考)We promise________________________ a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. (attend) 無論誰參加聚會我們承諾給他提供一個(gè)和電影明星合影的機(jī)會。 答案: whoever attends the party。,7. (2012陜西高考)As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose . (suit) 提供了多達(dá)五門課程, 你可以自由選擇那個(gè)最適合你的。 答案: whichever suits you best。,8. (2012安徽高考)The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but______________ these limits will depend on his environment. (reach) 一個(gè)人的智力極限, 通常說來, 出生時(shí)就已經(jīng)定型了, 但他是否能夠達(dá)到極限取決于他所處的環(huán)境。 答案: whether he reaches。,9. (2012重慶高考)Evidence has been found through years of study________________________________________________ continue when they grow up. (likely) 多年的研究已經(jīng)證明孩子早年的睡眠問題在他們長大后很可能持續(xù)。 答案: that children’s early sleeping problems are likely to。,10. (2012湖南高考)Everyone in the village is very friendly. you have lived there for a short or a long time. (matter) 村子里的每個(gè)人都非常友好。無論你在那里居住了很短一段時(shí)間還是很長一段時(shí)間, 都沒有關(guān)系。 答案: It doesn’t matter whether。,11. (2012上海高考)There is much truth in the idea by frankness. (serve) 善意經(jīng)常表現(xiàn)為坦率, 這個(gè)看法是不無道理的。 答案: that kindness is usually served。,12. (2012遼寧高考)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for about Mark Twain. (find) 前幾天那位新生來到圖書館尋找他能找到的關(guān)于馬克吐溫的任何書籍。 答案: whatever he could find。,13. (2012江蘇高考)The notice came around two in the afternoon . (postpone) 大約下午兩點(diǎn)傳來通知說會議將會延遲。 答案: that the meeting would be postponed。,14. (2011山東高考)I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, he never finishes anything. (be) 恐怕與其說他是個(gè)實(shí)干家不如說是個(gè)空談家, 這就是他總是一事無成的原因。 【解析】which is why?？疾槎ㄕZ從句和名詞性從句中的表語從句。根據(jù)漢語提示及句中逗號可知是非限制性定語從句, 再根據(jù)漢語提示“是……的原因”及英語he never finishes anything暗示, 是表結(jié)果的, 應(yīng)該選用why, 因此得出答案。,15. (2011山東高考)We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know . (accept) 我們已經(jīng)給她提供了工作, 但是我不知道她是否會接受它。 答案: whether she’ll accept it。,熱點(diǎn)考向 2 定語從句 Ⅰ. 主要考點(diǎn) 1. 定語從句關(guān)系詞的選擇。 2. 定語從句語序問題。 3. 定語從句時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)問題。 4. 定語從句主謂一致問題。,Ⅱ. 具體內(nèi)容 1. which與that引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別,2. which與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別,3. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 (1)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的構(gòu)成及用法,(2)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)介詞選用的三原則 一般來說, 確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞, 可以從以下三方面入手: 先行詞的意義; 從句中動詞的固定搭配; 句子的意思。 (3)注意“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的變式: 不定代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞/the+名詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞/數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞/the+形容詞比較級(最高級)+介詞+關(guān)系代詞/介詞+whose +名詞/介詞+ which +名詞等。,(4)from where為“介詞+關(guān)系副詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 但也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。 We stood at the top of the hill, from where we could see the town. 我們站在山頂, 從那里可以看到城鎮(zhèn)。,4. 特殊定語從句 Great changes around us take place before our eyes every day to which we pay little attention. (分隔式定語從句, 先行詞great changes與定語從句to which we pay little attention分隔) We must believe in ourselves, which, in my opinion, is the most important in our life. (插入式定語從句, 關(guān)系代詞which與從句其他成分之間有插入語in my opinion),【真題變式】 1. (2012北京高考)When deeply absorbed in work, , he would forget all about eating or sleeping. (be) 當(dāng)他集中精力工作時(shí), 這種情況常有發(fā)生, 他總是廢寢忘食。 答案: which he often was,2. (2012天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith, ________ I would never have got this far. (help) 我真的感謝史密斯教授, 如果沒有他的幫助, 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(在學(xué)術(shù)上)走得這么遠(yuǎn)的。 答案: without whose help,3. (2012上海高考)Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives gifts? (receive) 你把感謝信送給你收到他們禮物的親戚了嗎? 答案: from whom you received,4. (2012重慶高考)Sales director is a position_____________ just as important as sales. (be) 銷售總監(jiān)是一個(gè)職位, 在這個(gè)職位中, 交際能力和銷售技巧同等重要。 答案: where communication ability is,5. (2012安徽高考)A lot of language learning, _____________ , is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. (discover) 正如被發(fā)現(xiàn)的一樣, 大量的語言學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)生在生命的頭一年, 因此在那個(gè)階段父母應(yīng)該多和孩子交流。 答案: as has been discovered,6. (2012浙江高考)We live in an age with great ease than ever before. (available) 我們生活在一個(gè)比以前任何一個(gè)時(shí)候都能較輕松地獲取更多信息的時(shí)代。 答案: when more information is available,7. (2012江蘇高考)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, , medicine and shelter to survive. (need) 洪水過后, 災(zāi)區(qū)的人們在遭受苦難, 他們急需潔凈的飲用水、藥品和住所以便生存。 答案: who urgently needed clean water,8. (2012江西高考)By 16: 30, , nearly all the paintings had been sold. (closing) 到16: 30截止時(shí)間時(shí), 幾乎所有的畫都被出售了。 答案: which was almost closing time,9. (2012山東高考)Maria has written two novels,_________ television series. (make) Maria寫了兩部小說, 兩部都被拍成了電視連續(xù)劇。 答案: both of which have been made into,10. (2012陜西高考)It is the third time that she has won the race, . (surprise) 這是她第三次贏得比賽, 這讓我們大家都很吃驚。 答案: which has surprised us all,11. (2012四川高考)In our class there are 46 students, glasses. (wear) 我們班有46位學(xué)生, 其中一半戴眼鏡。 答案: of whom half wear/half of whom wear,熱點(diǎn)考向 3 狀語從句 Ⅰ. 主要考點(diǎn) 1. when, while和as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。 2. before和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句及句型。 3. 表示“一……就”的時(shí)間狀語從句及句型。 4. until與till引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句以及not until置于句首引起的倒裝。 5. if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。 6. although, though, as, while, even if, even though, no matter+疑問詞, 疑問詞+ever, whether. . . or引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。,Ⅱ. 具體內(nèi)容 一、時(shí)間狀語從句 (一)when, while與as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 1. when, while與as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的區(qū)別,When they heard the news that ShenzhouⅩhad been sent up into space successfully, they jumped with joy. 聽到“神舟”十號成功發(fā)射的消息, 他們高興地跳了起來。 While I was reading, he came in. 我正在看書時(shí), 他進(jìn)來了。 The students sang as they walked. 那些學(xué)生邊走邊唱。,2. while還可以作并列連詞, 表示對比, 意為“而, 卻”。 Liu Wang is from Shanxi while Liu Yang is from Henan. 劉旺來自山西, 而劉洋來自河南。,3. when也可以作并列連詞, 意為“這時(shí), 那時(shí)”。 ?？季湫? (1)sb. was doing sth. when. . . (2)sb. was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth. when. . . (3)sb. had just done sth. when. . . We were having a meeting when he broke in. 當(dāng)時(shí)我們正在開會, 他突然闖了進(jìn)來。 I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 我正要出門, 這時(shí)電話響了。,(二)before與since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 1. before與since的常用句式,2. since引導(dǎo)的從句如果用非延續(xù)性動詞, 所表示的是自從句謂語動作算起; 若用延續(xù)性動詞或狀態(tài)動詞, 所表示的就是自動作或狀態(tài)的完成或結(jié)束時(shí)算起。 It’s two years since we arrived here. 我們到這兒兩年了。 It’s three years since he lived here. 他不住在這里有三年了。,(三)表示“一……就……”含義的詞(短語)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句, 且表示“一……就……”含義的詞或短語有: as soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, hardly/scarcely. . . when, no sooner. . . than. . . 。 2. hardly/scarcely. . . when, no sooner. . . than. . . 中主句應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí), 從句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí); 當(dāng)no sooner. . . 和hardly/scarcely. . . 位于句首時(shí), 主句要部分倒裝。,(四)until與till引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 1. until與till引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的區(qū)別 2. not until位于句首時(shí), 主句要部分倒裝。,(五)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的其他常見連詞(短語) 1. 其他常見的引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞(短語)還有: after, whenever, every time, each time, next time, the first/last time, any time, by the time, the day/year等。 Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. 每當(dāng)我們遇到困難, 他們就來幫忙。 2. by the time引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí), 主句用將來完成時(shí); by the time引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用一般過去時(shí)時(shí), 主句用過去完成時(shí)。,二、條件狀語從句 1. 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的常見從屬連詞有if, unless, as/so long as, in case(萬一), once, on condition that, provided/ providing(that), supposing(that)等。 You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard. 除非你努力學(xué)習(xí), 否則你會考試不及格。 As long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed. 只要你不灰心, 你就會成功。 In case there is a fire, what will we do first? 萬一發(fā)生火災(zāi), 我們首先做什么?,2. 在條件狀語從句中, 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí), 一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)。,三、讓步狀語從句 (一)although, though, as與while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 1. although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí), 只能用正常語序; though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí), 可用正常語序, 也可用倒裝語序; as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)只能用倒裝語序, 即從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形置于句首, 若表語是單數(shù)名詞, 前置時(shí)要省略冠詞。,2. although與though都可以與yet, still, nevertheless連用, 但不能和but連用。 3. though還可以作副詞, 意為“可是, 然而”, 置于句末。 I’ve a bit of cold. It is nothing serious, though. 我有點(diǎn)感冒。不過不太嚴(yán)重。 4. while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí), 一般置于句首。 While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved. 盡管我承認(rèn)有問題存在, 但我不同意說這些問題不能解決。,(二)even if與even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 1. even if與even though表示“即使, 縱然”, 有退一步設(shè)想的意味, 多用于書面語中。 2. even if與even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí), 可用虛擬語氣, 也可以用陳述語氣。 I’ll do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon. 我要做這件事, 即使它將花去我整個(gè)下午的時(shí)間。 Even if I were in your place, I wouldn’t take the job. 即使我處于你的位置, 我也不會接受這份工作。,(三)“no matter+疑問詞”與“疑問詞+ever”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 1. “no matter+疑問詞”相當(dāng)于“疑問詞+ever”, 二者都可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 Don’t trust him, no matter what/whatever he says. 無論他說什么, 不要相信他。 2. whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 (四)whether. . . or. . . 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 不管你相信與否, 那都是真的。,四、其他狀語從句,【真題變式】 1. (2012湖南高考) I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. (while) 盡管我總是覺得我會通過考試, 然而, 我從來不曾想過會得“A等”。 答案: While I always felt。,2. (2012湖南高考) , it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. (try) 不減少進(jìn)食, 無論你怎么努力, 要減肥是困難的。 答案: However hard you try。,3. (2012上海高考)I have a tight budget for the trip, so I’m not going to fly ticket prices. (lower) 我這次旅行預(yù)算很緊, 所以除非航空公司降低機(jī)票價(jià)格, 否則我是不會乘坐飛機(jī)的。 答案: unless the airlines lower。,4. (2012新課標(biāo)全國卷)I don’t believe we’ve met before, you do look familiar. (say) 盡管我必須承認(rèn)你確實(shí)看起來面熟, 但我相信我們以前沒見過面。 答案: although I must say。,5. (2012全國卷Ⅱ)I had hardly got to the office go back home at once. (phone) 我剛到辦公室, 我妻子就給我打電話讓我立刻回家。 答案: when my wife phoned me to。,6. (2012北京高考)—Look at those clouds! —Don’t worry. , we’ll still have a great time. (rain) ——看那些云! ——別擔(dān)心。即使下雨, 我們?nèi)匀粫娴瞄_心。 答案: Even if it rains。,7. (2012陜西高考) , we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. (be) 盡管夜晚空氣燥熱, 我們?nèi)匀凰煤艹? 因?yàn)殚L途旅行之后我們太累了。 答案: Hot as the night air was。,8. (2012四川高考)If you happen to get lost in the wild, you’d better stay and wait for help. (be) 如果你碰巧在野外迷路了, 你最好待在你當(dāng)時(shí)所在的地方, 等待幫助。 答案: where you are。,9. (2012重慶高考)—Coach, can I continue with the training? —Sorry, you can’t the knee injury. (recover) ——教練, 我能繼續(xù)訓(xùn)練嗎? ——抱歉, 你不能, 因?yàn)槟阆ドw受的傷還沒有恢復(fù)。 答案: as you haven’t recovered from。,10. (2011遼寧高考) , it is not necessarily lifeless. (how) 無論沙漠多么干燥, 未必一定沒有生命存在。 答案: No matter how dry a desert may be。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) 1 定語從句和名詞性從句區(qū)分不清 1. The news is exciting. (pass) 他通過考試的消息令人振奮。 【解析】that he has passed the examination。考查同位語從句。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句, 在從句中不作句子成分, 補(bǔ)充說明同位語news的內(nèi)容。,2. The news is that he has passed the examination. (excite) 令我們興奮的消息是他通過了這次考試。 【解析】that/which excites us?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。定語從句that/which excites us修飾The news, 而news又在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語, 因此得出答案。,3. excited us. (pass) 他通過了這次考試令我們興奮。 【解析】That he has passed the examination。考查名詞性從句中的主語從句。根據(jù)語境得知句子謂語是excited, 賓語是us, 整個(gè)句子缺主語, 主語部分又是一個(gè)句子, 推斷是主語從句, 而主語部分句意完整, 不缺少成分, 因此用只起連接作用的that引導(dǎo)主語從句。,【誤區(qū)點(diǎn)撥】 ①同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別:,②能接同位語從句的常見名詞和短語有: idea, fact, news, belief, hope, evidence, opinion, problem, truth, answer, proposal, theory, decision, discovery, problem, thought, certainty, likelihood, on condition that, on the ground, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the pretence等。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) 2 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞as和which混淆 1. (2012福建高考)The air quality in the city,____________ has improved over the past two months. (show) 正如報(bào)告中展示的那樣, 這個(gè)城市的空氣質(zhì)量在過去的兩個(gè)月已經(jīng)有所改善。,【解析】as is shown in the report。考查非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。本句難點(diǎn)是定語從句位于句中, 把定語從句分割出來放在句首就很明了了, 把句子轉(zhuǎn)換成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months. 就能直接看出非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞放在句首指的是下文所提到的一句話, 用as引導(dǎo), 意思是正如報(bào)告中展示的那樣。,2. (2012全國卷Ⅱ)That evening, _______________________ about later, I ended up working very late. (tell) 那天晚上我工作到很晚, 以后我再告訴你更多那晚的情況。 【解析】which I will tell you more?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句的引導(dǎo)詞。本句把非限制性定語從句放在句子中間, 先行詞是句中的名詞that evening, 作時(shí)間狀語。which指的是that evening, 在定語從句中作about的賓語。,【誤區(qū)點(diǎn)撥】 ①位置不同。as在句中位置靈活, 可位于主句之前、主句中間或主句之后。而which只能在主句之后。 ②指代不同。as指代整個(gè)主句, 而which除了指代整個(gè)主句外還可以指代主句中的某個(gè)部分。 ③翻譯不同。as翻譯成“正如……”, 而which翻譯成“這, 這一點(diǎn)”。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) 3 名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞that與what混用 1. seems better than what we