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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit 1《Laughter is good for you》grammar and usage教案1 牛津譯林版選修6 Step 1: General introduction This section helps us overview present tenses. You are expected to review the four types of present tense. They are the simple present, the present continuous, the present perfect and the present perfect continuous. Step 2: Explanation I The present tense 1 表示客觀事實或普通真理.(不受時態(tài)限制) The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.地理老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中國的東方。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太陽東升西落。 2 表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常和often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, once a week 等表示頻率的時間狀語連用. He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚飯后散步。 My mother works at the same pany as my father. 我母親和父親在同一家公司工作。 We always care for each other and help each other. 我們總是相互關(guān)心相互幫助。 3 表示主語的特征、性格、能力等。 Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any. 斯密斯先生討厭魚而且從來不吃。 Mary speaks both English and French very well. 瑪麗英語和法語都說的很好。 4 表示安排或計劃好的肯定會出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài)。 The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飛機上午10點起飛。 Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。 5 在時間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作。 We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨我們將不得不推遲會議。 I can’t leave unless my boss agrees. 除非老板同意，否則我不能走。 When you see her, just tell her that I am all right. 你見到她告訴她我很好。 Notes: if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用shall 或will 表示意愿，但不表示時態(tài)。 If you will accept my invitation and e to our party, my family will be pleased. 如果你能接受我的邀請來參加我我們的聚會，我的家人會很高興的。 II. Present continuous tense 1 表示說話時正在進行的動作。 —what are you doing? —I am writing a letter. It’s raining heavily now, so we must stay inside. 2 表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進行的動作。 Jane is studying law while her sister is doing physics. 簡在學(xué)習(xí)法律而她的姐姐在學(xué)習(xí)物理。 He is teaching English and learning Chinese. 他正在一邊教英語一邊學(xué)中文。 3 表示按計劃近期內(nèi)即將發(fā)生的動作。 I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. 我今晚要去見王先生。 I am going to Qingdao for the summer holiday this year. 我計劃今年去青島過暑假。 The plane is leaving for London soon. 飛機即將飛往倫敦。 4 與always often 等頻度副詞連用表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行為或某種感情色彩。 The girl is always talking loud in public. 那個女孩總愛當(dāng)眾大聲喧嘩。 She is often borrowing money and forgetting to pay me back. 她經(jīng)常借錢卻忘記還。 She is constantly plaining about her fate. 她不停地抱怨自己的命運不好。 Notes: 以下四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進行時。 A 表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞 Like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need B 表示存在狀態(tài)的動詞 appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on C 表示瞬間動作的動詞 allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, plete D 表示感官的動詞 see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look III. The present perfect tense 1 表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的經(jīng)歷 He has hosted the show eight times. 他已經(jīng)連續(xù)八次主持表演。 Billy Crystal has been in many films and television shows. 貝利克克里斯托已經(jīng)出演過多部電影和電視劇。 We have been to the Great Wall many times. 我們已去過長城多次。 2 表示動作發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在仍留下某種后果和影響。 He has paid his ine tax. 他已經(jīng)交了個人所得稅。 Doctors have found that people who laugh a lot live longer! 醫(yī)生們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)常大笑的人長壽。 3 表示動作發(fā)生在過去但持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。 My mother has been ill for three days. 我媽媽已經(jīng)生病3天。 Most of us have studied English for 5 years. 我們大部分人已經(jīng)學(xué)了5年英語了。 4 下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時。 It is (has been) +一段時間＋ since +從句 This (that/ It ) is the first (second…) time that + 完成時 This (That/ It) is the best/ finest / most interesting….+that+完成時 It’s/ It has been 3 years since they got married. 他們結(jié)婚已有3年了。 It’s the first time that I have been to the Great Wall. 這是我第一次到長城。 This is the most interesting film that I have seen. 這是我看過的最有趣的電影。 Notes: 在時間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時可以代替一般將來時。 If you have done the experiment, you’ll understand the theory better. 如果你做完試驗，你會更好地理解這個理論的。 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 車停穩(wěn)之前，別忙著下車。 Notes: 注意區(qū)分一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時 (1) 時間上有差異：凡有具體的過去時間，均用過去時態(tài)，不能用完成上，如：ago, last year, just now, the other day 等。 (2) 結(jié)果上有差異：現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是對“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果，動作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)；一般過去時強調(diào)的動作發(fā)生在過去，和現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。 IV. The present perfect continuous tense 表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，這個動作可能剛剛結(jié)束，也可能還要繼續(xù)下去。 Chinese have been making paper for more than 2000 years. 中國造紙的歷史已有2000多年了。 She has been working in Shenzhen since 1995. 她從1995年就來深圳工作了。 Doctors have been researching that question for many years. 多年來，醫(yī)生們一直在研究這個問題。 The children have bee watching TV all morning. 孩子們一上午一直在看電視。 She has been waiting for her boss for almost an hour. 她等她的老板等了將近一個小時。 Step 3: Practice 1 Read the article in Part A on page 9 and fill in the blanks with the correct tenses. Then I will ask you to report your answers to the class. You also should give the reasons why you use different tenses in the article. Answers 1. am 2 have been writing 3 am looking 4 is 5 have been imagining 6 is 7 is making 8 has been planning 9 have designed 10 are printing 11 are going 12 is 13 hope 14 opens 2 Now do Part B individually. Pay attention to the time marker in each sentence if there is one. The time marker in the sentence is the key that will help you use the suitable tense. 1 I am performing at the edy Club tonight. 2 I have been practicing my jokes in front of the mirror for the last three hours. 3 My family is ing to watch my show. 4 I am nervous about the show. Step 4: Consolidation exercises 1. Multiple choice 1 How can you possibly miss the news? It _______ on TV all day long. （2004北京春） A. has been B had been C was D will be 2 I arrived late; I _____ the road to be so icy. （2004北京春） A. wouldn’t expect B haven’t expected C hadn’t expected D wasn’t expecting 3 Although he has lived with us for years, he ______ us much impression. (2004上海春) A hadn’t left B didn’t leave C doesn’t leave D hasn’t left 4 ―Sorry, Joe. I didn’t mean to…. ―Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr. Parker to you, and ______ you forget it! （2003全國） A do B didn’t C did D don’t 5 All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_______.（2003全國） A has grown B is growing C grew D had grown 6 Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _______ fresh for several days. （2003全國） A be stayed B stay C be staying D have stayed 7 ―_______ David and Vicky _______ married? (2003北京) ―For about three years. A How long were; being B How long have; got C How long have; been D How long did; get 8 e and see me whenever_______. (2003北京) A you are convenient B you will be convenient] C it is convenient to you D it will be convenient to you 9 ―When will you e to see me, Dad? ―I will go to see you when you ______ the training course. (2003北京) A will have finished B will finish C are finishing D finish 10 When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _______ yet. (2003北京春) A are not decided B have not been decided C has been pleted D had been pleted 11 I wonder why Jenny ______ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. (2002全國) A hasn’t written B doesn’t write C won’t write D hadn’t write 12 He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _______ from the university next year. （2002上海） A will graduate B will have graduated C graduates D is to graduate 13 ―Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation? ―It _______. （2004上海） A all depend B all depends C is all depended D is all depending 14 John and I _______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ______ each other a couple of times before that. (2002北京春) A had been; have seen B have been; have seen C had been; had seen D have been; had seen 15 ―How are the team playing? ―They’re playing well, but one of them ______ hurt. (2002北京春) A got B gets C are being cut D had been cut 16 Rainforests _______ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (2002上海春) A cut B are cut C are being cut D had been cut 17 It ______ long before we ______ the result of the experiment. (2002上海春) A will not be; will know B is; will know C will not be; know D is; know 18 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ______ so rapidly. （2001全國） A is changing B has changed C will have changed D will change 19 I _______ ping-pong quite will, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. （2001全國） A will play B have played C played D play 20 In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _______. （2001上海） A have survive B are to survive C would survive D will survive 2. Translation 1 火車將在上午9：00點鐘開。 _________________________________________________________________________. 2 那個小孩總是愛惹麻煩。 _________________________________________________________________________. 3 別相信他。他經(jīng)常撒謊 _________________________________________________________________________. 4 我做完家庭作業(yè)就去你家。 _________________________________________________________________________. 5 你在逛街的時候別忘了交通規(guī)則。 __________________________________________________________________________. Answers: 1-5 ACDDC 6-10 BCCDD 11-15 ACBDA 16-20 CCADB 1. The train starts at nine in the morning. 2 That boy is always making trouble. 3 Don’t believe him. He is always telling lies. 4 I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework. 5 When you are going around the street, don’t forget the traffic rules. 1. Exercise. I單選題： 1 --Where ______ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere. --I _______ it right here, but now it’s gone. A did you put; have put B have you; put C had you put; have put D were you putting; have put 2 No permission has ______ for anybody to enter the building. A been given B given C to give D be giving 3 When I was at college I ______ three foreign languages, but I _______ all except for a few words of each. A spoke; had forgotten B spoke; have forgotten C had spoken had forgotten D had been broken into; stolen 4 The volleyball match will be put off if it ________. A will rain B rains C rained D is raining 5 --Have you moved into the new house? --Not yet, the rooms ________. A are being painted B are painting C are painted D are being painting 6 We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her? A was happening B to happen C has happened D having happened 7 --Do you know our town at all? --No, this is the first time I ______ here. A was B have been C came D am ing 8 My dictionary ________. I have looked for it everywhere but still ______ it. A has lost; don’t find B is missing; don’t find C has lost; haven’t found D is missing; haven’t found 9 -- I am sorry to keep you waiting. --Oh, not at all. I ______ here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 10 I need one more stamp before my collection _______. A has pleted B pletes C has been pleted D is pleted 11 I wonder why Jenny ______ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A hasn’t written B doesn’t write C won’t write D hadn’t written 12 Great changes _______ in the city, and a lot of factories_________. A have been taken place, have been set B have taken place, have been set up C have taken place, have set up D were taken place, were set up 13 I promise that the matter will _______. A be taken care B be taken care of C take care D take care of 14 The surface of the table ______ smooth enough. A hasn’t felt B doesn’t feel C isn’t feeling D isn’t feel 15 He never let himself ________. A being cheated B to be cheated C cheating D be cheated II. 用所給動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在完成時，現(xiàn)在進行時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時的形式填充。 1.--How long_____ David and Vicky ______ _______(marry)? --For about three years. 2e and see me whenever it ______(be) convenient to you. 3. The water will be further polluted unless some measures ______ ______(take). 4.--Are you still busy? --Yes, I ______just ______(finish) my work, and it won’t take long. 5.He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _____ (graduate)from the university next year. 6.Because the shop______ ______(close) down, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. 7. Every possible means _____ _____ _____(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 8.--What’s that terrible noise? --The neighbors ______ ______(prepare) for a party. 9. The Smiths moved to settle in Canada in 2003, so they_____ _____ _____(live) there for 3 years. 10.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______ ______(persuade)to eat more fruit and vegetables. 11. You _____ always______(watch) television. Why not do something more active? 12. The crazy fans _____ _____ ______(wait) patiently for two hours and they will wait till the movie star arrives. 13. Don’t stop your car here. Look at the sign which _____(read) “No Parking!” 14. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_____ so rapidly. 15. The surface of the table _____ _____(not feel) smooth enough. III.用所給動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在完成時，現(xiàn)在進行時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時的形式翻譯下列各句 ： 1. There _____ ______ ______(來了輛汽車)! Hurry up. 2. It is the second time that I_____ _____ _____(來到上海) in Shanghai. What great changes have 3. The Smiths moved to settle in Canada in 2003 and they won’t move any longer, so they______ ______ ______(live) there for 3 years 4. --- Can I help you, Madam? --- No, thanks. I _____just______ ______(只是到處看看look around). 5. My money ______ ______ ______(快用光了run). I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I’ve none in hand. 6. New technology ______ ______ ______(正得到使用use) to make sure that the cars, taxis, buses and trains we use ______ ______(不污染) the air. . 7. It won’t be too long before we _____ _____(設(shè)計出) a way to smooth away these difficulty. 8. Collecting stamps as a hobby _____ _____(已成為) increasingly popular during the past fifty years. 9.The war between the two countries is reported ____ ____ ____ ____(引起了result) a great loss. 10.It won’t be long before everything in the flooded area_____ _____(將恢復(fù)正常return)normal. Answers I 1—5 DABBA 6-10 CBDBD 11-15 ABBBD II 1.have,been married 2.is 3.are taken 4.am,finishing 5.graduates 6.is closing 7.has been tried 8.are preparing 9. have been living 10.are persuaded 11. are always watching 12. have been waiting 13. reads 14. is changing 15. doesn’t feel III 1. es a bus 2. have been; is 3.have been living 4. am, looking around 5. is running out 6. is being used; don’t pollute 7. work out 8. has bee 9.to have resulted in 10.returns to