《高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一篇 語法運(yùn)用攻略 專題一 單項(xiàng)填空 第5講 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)課件.ppt》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一篇 語法運(yùn)用攻略 專題一 單項(xiàng)填空 第5講 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)課件.ppt（66頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

第5講 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài),考點(diǎn)1 動(dòng)詞的一般時(shí)態(tài) 【典例】1. (2015江蘇高考)The reason why prices______, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been 【解析】選A。句意: 價(jià)格過去和現(xiàn)在依然很高的原因是復(fù)雜的, 簡短的討論不能滿意地解釋這個(gè)問題。和and still are相對(duì)應(yīng), 空格處說明的是過去的情況, 故用一般過去時(shí)。,2. (2015重慶高考)—Is Peter coming? —No, he______his mind after a phone call at the last minute. A. changes B. changed C. was changing D. had changed 【解析】選B。句意: ——彼得來嗎? ——不來, 剛才接到一個(gè)電話后他在最后一刻改變主意了。由時(shí)間狀語at the last minute知, 表示過去發(fā)生的事需用一般過去時(shí)。,3. (2015北京高考)—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —All right. I______him later. A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling 【解析】選A。句意: ——Dr. Jackson現(xiàn)在不在辦公室?！玫? 我待會(huì)兒再打給他。由later可知, 表示的是將來要執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作, 故用一般將來時(shí)。,4. (2015湖南高考)As you go through this book, you______that each of the millions of people who lived through World WarⅡ had a different experience. A. will find B. found C. had found D. have found 【解析】選A。句意: 當(dāng)你在瀏覽這本書的時(shí)候, 你將發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)百萬經(jīng)歷過第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的人都有非同尋常的經(jīng)歷。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)得知as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句, 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài), 主句用將來時(shí)態(tài), 故選A。,5. (2014重慶高考)You’d better write down her phone number before you______it. A. forget B. are forgetting C. forgot D. will forget 【解析】選A。句意: 趁你還沒忘你最好把她的電話號(hào)碼記下來。before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句, 在條件或時(shí)間狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。,【易錯(cuò)誤區(qū)】一般將來時(shí)還是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (1)誤導(dǎo)原因: 表示將來的動(dòng)作要用一般將來時(shí)。 (2)去偽存真: 在條件或時(shí)間狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。,6. (2013江蘇高考)—What about your self-drive trip yesterday? —Tiring! The road is being widened, and we______a rough ride. A. had B. have C. would have D. have had 【解析】選A。句意: ——你們昨天的自駕游怎么樣啊? ——太累人了! 那條道路正在被擴(kuò)寬, 我們一路上車開得顛簸不平。根據(jù)問句中的yesterday可知談?wù)摰氖沁^去的事情, 答句中“我們一路上車開得顛簸不平”也表示過去的事情, 因此用一般過去時(shí)。,【易錯(cuò)誤區(qū)】 此題考生易受“The road is being widened”的誤導(dǎo)而選用現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)。“道路被擴(kuò)寬”不是短時(shí)間內(nèi)結(jié)束的動(dòng)作, 昨天正在被擴(kuò)寬, 今天仍然在被擴(kuò)寬, 因此使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)式。,7. (2013重慶高考)A Midsummer Night’s Dream ______at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland. A. opens B. is opened C. will open D. will be opened 【解析】選A。句意: 《仲夏夜之夢(mèng)》6月19日在皇家劇院首演之后會(huì)在整個(gè)蘇格蘭巡回演出。表示已經(jīng)計(jì)劃、安排好了或時(shí)間表上所安排, 并且一定要做的事情用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。用于這種句型的動(dòng)詞主要是瞬間動(dòng)詞come, arrive, start, open等。,【解題技巧】 1. 掌握一般時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法: (1)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、客觀事實(shí)或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)要想到用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 (2)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)要想到用一般過去時(shí)。 (3)表示將來某一時(shí)刻要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)要想到用一般將來時(shí)。,2. 看清明確的時(shí)間狀語: (1)看到always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語, 要想到用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 (2)看到y(tǒng)esterday, last week, two days ago, the other day, in 1998, 時(shí)間段+later等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語, 要想到用一般過去時(shí)。 (3)看到tomorrow, next week, in the future, this weekend, in half an hour等表示將來的時(shí)間狀語, 要想到用一般將來時(shí)。,3. 注意以下幾點(diǎn): (1)在時(shí)間狀語從句、讓步狀語從句和條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。 If he comes tomorrow I can see him. (2)在飛機(jī)、火車等時(shí)刻表中規(guī)定的事情, 要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。 Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18: 20.,(3)表示起止的動(dòng)詞如come, go, leave, arrive, fly等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí), 表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 —When does the plane for Brazil start? —It starts in ten minutes. (4)在某些以here, there開頭的句子中, 常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 Here comes the bus.,(5)幾種一般將來時(shí)表達(dá)方式的區(qū)別。,考點(diǎn)2 動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 【典例】1. (2015天津高考)Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she______a class at that time. A. will teach B. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching 【解析】選D。句意: 簡今天下午三點(diǎn)鐘不能出席會(huì)議, 因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)她將正在上課。at that time代指at 3 o’clock this afternoon, 表示將來的時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 故用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。,2. (2015湖南高考)He must have sensed that I______him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that? ” A. would look at B. looked at C. was looking at D. am looking at 【解析】選C。句意: 他肯定已經(jīng)感覺到我當(dāng)時(shí)正在看他, 他突然瞥了我一眼, 然后平靜地說: “你為何一直那樣盯著我? ”根據(jù)must have sensed以及語境得知, 此處表示對(duì)過去正在進(jìn)行事實(shí)的說明, 故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。,3. (2014北京高考)—Hi, let’s go skating. —Sorry, I’m busy right now. I______in an application form for a new job. A. fill B. have filled C. am filling D. will fill 【解析】選C。句意: ——嗨, 我們?nèi)セ伞！? 我現(xiàn)在很忙。我正在填一份新工作的申請(qǐng)表。此句表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。,4. (2013四川高考)Hurry up, kids! The school bus______for us! A. waits B. was waiting C. waited D. is waiting 【解析】選D。句意: 快點(diǎn), 孩子們! 校車正在等我們! 此處用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí), 表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。,5. (2013江蘇高考)—Could I use your car tomorrow morning? —Sure. I______a report at home. A. will be writing B. will have written C. have written D. have been writing 【解析】選A。句意: ——我明天上午可以使用你的汽車嗎? ——當(dāng)然可以, 明天上午我將在家寫報(bào)告。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語tomorrow morning可以判斷使用將來的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意確定使用將來進(jìn)行時(shí), 隱含意義為“明天上午我將在家寫報(bào)告不用車, 因此我可以借給你使用”。,【解題技巧】 1. 掌握進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法: (1)表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動(dòng)作要想到用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 (2)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作要想到用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 (3)表示將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 或表示要在將來某一時(shí)間開始, 并繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作要想到用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。,2. 注意以下幾點(diǎn): (1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, often, forever, continually, constantly等副詞連用時(shí)表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作, 有著極大的感情色彩, 表示贊嘆、不滿、厭煩等。 The girl is always talking loudly in public. 這個(gè)女孩總是在公眾面前大聲喧嘩。 They were always quarrelling then. 那時(shí)他們老是吵架。,(2)下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): ①表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞, 如like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, need等; ②表示存在的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞, 如appear, exist, lie, remain, seem等; ③表示一時(shí)性非延續(xù)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞, 如allow, accept, permit等; ④表示感官的動(dòng)詞, 如see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look等。,考點(diǎn)3 動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài) 【典例】1. (2015重慶高考)In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat ______ cut. A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been 【解析】選D。句意: 在我的家鄉(xiāng), 麥子豐收之后農(nóng)民總會(huì)有一個(gè)慶祝晚餐?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已完成, 即動(dòng)作完成之后才會(huì)舉行慶祝活動(dòng)。,2. (2015安徽高考)Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I______my book in the cafe. A. have left B. had left C. would leave D. was leaving 【解析】選B。句意: 我剛一到學(xué)校門口, 就意識(shí)到我把書落在餐館了。realized后省略了that, 這里是一個(gè)賓語從句, 從句時(shí)態(tài)與主句保持一致, “落下”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“意識(shí)到”之前, 應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)。,3. (2015北京高考)In the last few years, China ______ great achievements in environmental protection. A. has made B. had made C. was making D. is making 【解析】選A。句意: 在過去的這些年里, 中國在環(huán)境保護(hù)中取得了很大的成就。由時(shí)間狀語in the last few years可推知?jiǎng)幼鲝倪^去一段時(shí)間持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響, 故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。,4. (2015北京高考)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house? —Not really. She ______ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. A. was to give B. had given C. was giving D. would give 【解析】選B。安告訴“我們”方向是在“我們”找到她家之前, 即“過去的過去”, 故用過去完成時(shí)。,5. (2014江蘇高考)—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? —Well, the media______it in a variety of forms. A. cover B. will cover C. have covered D. covered 【解析】選C。句意: ——對(duì)于南京即將舉辦的青年奧運(yùn)會(huì), 你了解多少? ——哦, 媒體已經(jīng)以各種形式對(duì)它進(jìn)行報(bào)道了。強(qiáng)調(diào)媒體報(bào)道對(duì)我了解這件事產(chǎn)生的影響, 故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。,6. (2014浙江高考)Sofia looked around at all the faces; she had the impression that she______most of the guests before. A. has seen B. had seen C. saw D. would see 【解析】選B。句意: 索菲亞向四周看了下所有的客人, 她感覺大部分客人以前都見過。根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞looked, had和時(shí)間狀語before, 可知是過去的事情, 而“以前見過”應(yīng)該發(fā)生在這些動(dòng)作之前, 即“過去的過去”, 故用過去完成時(shí)。,7. (2014陜西高考)During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends______. A. would recommend B. had recommended C. have recommended D. were recommending 【解析】選B。句意: 在西安逗留期間, 杰瑞幾乎吃遍了朋友推薦的所有的當(dāng)?shù)匦〕浴ecommend“推薦”發(fā)生在tried之前, 故用過去完成時(shí)。,8. (2013浙江高考)During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs______sharply. A. was increasing B. has increased C. had increased D. will be increasing 【解析】選B。句意: 近30年來, 參加健身活動(dòng)的人數(shù)一直在急劇增加。during the last three decades近30年來, 這是包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間段, 是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志。,【解題技巧】 1. 掌握完成時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法: (1)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài), 其結(jié)果和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系, 或表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)要想到用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 (2)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作要想到用過去完成時(shí)。 (3)表示在將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作要想到用將來完成時(shí)。,2. 看清明確的時(shí)間狀語: (1)看到by the time+一般將來時(shí)的句子, by the end of +將來時(shí)間短語, before+表示將來時(shí)間的短語或句子等要想到用將來完成時(shí)。 (2)看到表示“過去的過去”要想到用過去完成時(shí)。 (3)看到by the time+一般將來時(shí)的句子, by the end of+將來時(shí)間短語, before+表示將來時(shí)間的短語或句子等要想到用將來完成時(shí)。,3. 注意以下幾點(diǎn): (1)在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中, 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替將來完成時(shí)。 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped(代替it will have stopped). (2)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。 I have kept the computer for a year. (不能用bought) (3)動(dòng)詞think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用過去完成時(shí)來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算或意圖等。 They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.,(4)過去完成時(shí)還可用在hardly. . . when, no sooner. . . than, It was the first(second, etc. )time(that). . . 等固定句型中。 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.,考點(diǎn)4 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 【典例】1. (2015陜西高考)Marty ______ really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday. A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked 【解析】選B。句意: 馬蒂一直努力寫書, 他想他到周五為止將已經(jīng)完成了。用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去到現(xiàn)在一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。,2. (2015福建高考)—Where is Peter? I can’t find him anywhere. —He went to the library after breakfast and______his essay there ever since. A. wrote B. had written C. has been writing D. is writing 【解析】選C。句意: ——彼得在哪里? 我到處都找不到他。——早飯后他去了圖書館, 從那之后一直在那寫論文?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開始, 一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。,3. (2014湖南高考)Since the time humankind started gardening, we______to make our environment more beautiful. A. try B. have been trying C. are trying D. will try 【解析】選B。句意: 自從人類從事園藝以來, 我們就一直試圖把我們的環(huán)境打造得更美麗。結(jié)合語境及題干中的關(guān)鍵詞since, 應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。,【易錯(cuò)誤區(qū)】身臨其境選時(shí)態(tài) (1)C項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài), 表示現(xiàn)階段動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行; 在語境中體現(xiàn)不出動(dòng)作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。 (2)D項(xiàng)為一般將來時(shí)態(tài), 表將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 與句中的關(guān)鍵句since. . . “自從……以來”語境不符, 未體現(xiàn)出動(dòng)作從過去到現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。,4. (2014江西高考)—Tony, why are your eyes red? —I______up peppers for the last five minutes. A. cut B. was cutting C. had cut D. have been cutting 【解析】選D。句意: ——托尼, 你的眼睛怎么通紅? ——?jiǎng)偛徘辛宋宸昼姷睦苯?。根?jù)問句的動(dòng)詞are, 和答句的時(shí)間狀語for the last five minutes可知應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。,【解題技巧】 1. 明確時(shí)態(tài)定義: 表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(還要繼續(xù)下去)的動(dòng)作要想到用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 2. 注意時(shí)間狀語: 看到all the time, this week, all night等時(shí)間狀語, 以及與for和since引導(dǎo)的短語連用時(shí)要想到用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。,3. 注意以下幾點(diǎn): (1)大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。 I have been writing a book. (動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去) I have written a book. (動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成) (2)表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí), 如know, love, like, hate等。 I have known him for years.,考點(diǎn)5 動(dòng)詞的各種語態(tài) 【典例】1. (2015天津高考)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______so far by the two sides. A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached 【解析】選A。句意: 盡管之前多輪談判, 但到目前為止雙方?jīng)]有達(dá)成任何協(xié)議。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語so far“到目前為止”可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。主語agreement與reach為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。,2. (2015安徽高考)It is reported that a space station______on the moon in years to come. A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built 【解析】選B。句意: 據(jù)報(bào)道, 人們?cè)诮酉聛淼膸啄昀飳⒃谠虑蛏辖ㄒ粋€(gè)空間站。根據(jù)“in years to come”可知用將來時(shí), space station和build是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。,3. (2015福建高考)To my delight, I______from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. A. was chosen B. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen 【解析】選A。句意: 讓我高興的是, 我從成百上千的參加者中被選中參加開幕式。由句意可知應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)語態(tài), 又因?yàn)楸贿x中是過去發(fā)生的事情, 這里只是對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情的一般描述, 故用一般過去時(shí)。,4. (2014天津高考)We won’t start the work until all the preparations______. A. are being made B. will be made C. have been made D. had been made 【解析】選C。句意: 我們?cè)谒械臏?zhǔn)備做好之后才開始工作。until引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句, 一般不用將來時(shí); 這里強(qiáng)調(diào)完成, 故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。由于preparations與make之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。,【易錯(cuò)誤區(qū)】將來時(shí)還是完成時(shí) (1)誤導(dǎo)原因: 受漢語影響, 認(rèn)為做好準(zhǔn)備是將來時(shí)。 (2)去偽存真: until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來, 此處強(qiáng)調(diào)完成, 故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。,5. (2014大綱版全國卷)Unless some extra money______, the theatre will close. A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found 【解析】選C。句意: 如果不能多籌集一些錢, 這個(gè)影院就要關(guān)閉。主句是一般將來時(shí), unless引導(dǎo)的狀語從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。此處從句中主語money和find之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。,6. (2013北京高考)Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ______into at least ten different films over the past years. A. had been made B. was made C. has been made D. would be made 【解析】選C。句意: 莎士比亞的戲劇《哈姆雷特》在過去幾年里被制作成了至少十部不同的電影。時(shí)間狀語over the past years與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用, 且主語與make之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。,【解題技巧】 1. 熟記被動(dòng)語態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的運(yùn)用:,2. 主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義的特殊動(dòng)詞: (1)系動(dòng)詞類, 如look, seem, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, appear, become, grow, turn, remain, stay, keep等。 The theory proved to be correct. 這個(gè)理論被證明是正確的。 (2)表示主語特征的詞, 如read, wash, write, sell, wear, lock, cook等, 常與not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副詞連用。 This kind of cloth washes easily.,3. 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義: (1)在need, want, require, deserve, bear等動(dòng)詞、worth等形容詞的后面, 動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義, 其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. (2)在某些“主語(人/物)+be+形容詞十不定式”中不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這類形容詞有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。 The problem is difficult to work out.,(3)有些不及物動(dòng)詞和短語動(dòng)詞如break out, add up, happen, occur, spread, take place, belong to等本身就含有漢語譯文中所表達(dá)的被動(dòng)意義。 Great changes have taken place in our hometown since 1978. (4)不定式作定語, 與其所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 且與句中的主語或另一名詞或代詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí), 不定式使用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。 He had an important meeting to attend. (句中to attend與meeting有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系; 主語he與to attend有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系) The next thing(for you)to do is to carry the boxes away. (句中to do與thing有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系; you與to do有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系),(5)在“too+adj. +不定式”或“adj. +enough +不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中, 如句中主語與不定式之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí), 不定式通常用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有: hard, difficult, easy, heavy, light, fit, right, wrong, good, important等。 The box is too heavy(for you)to carry.,4. 被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示主動(dòng)含義: get married結(jié)婚; be addicted to sth. 沉溺于; be seated坐著; be lost in thought沉思著; be devoted to sth. 投身于, 專注于。 They got married last month.,5. 常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾個(gè)固定句型: (1)It is believed/said/reported/hoped/supposed that. . . 據(jù)信/據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道/人們希望/人們認(rèn)為…… (2)It must be pointed out that. . . 必須指出…… (3)It is generally considered that. . . 一般認(rèn)為…… (4)It is well known that. . . 大家都知道…… (5)It must be admitted that. . . 必須承認(rèn)……,【誤區(qū)糾偏】 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1 一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)混用 ①—Tom, would you like to see the filmFurious7 with me tonight? —Oh, it’s excellent, but I________it. ②(變式)—Tom, would you like to see the filmFurious7 with me tonight? —Oh, I________it last week. But it’s worth seeing again. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. had seen,【點(diǎn)撥】一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)區(qū)別 (1)一般過去時(shí)僅表示過去發(fā)生的并已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作, 不與現(xiàn)在有任何聯(lián)系; 而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)雖然動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去但對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響或動(dòng)作仍然在持續(xù), 均與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。 (2)題①語境中的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生并對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響, 故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 表示“我已經(jīng)看過(對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響是現(xiàn)在不想再看)”, 故選C。題②根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息last week可知此處時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí), 表示過去“看”的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在無關(guān), 故選B。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2 一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)混用 ①She________her hand before she got on the train. ②(變式)She________her hand and then got on the train. A. has waved B. would wave C. waved D. was waving,【點(diǎn)撥】一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)區(qū)別 (1)一般過去時(shí)表示過去只做一次的動(dòng)作; 而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 (2)題①中表示在她上火車前不斷地?fù)]手, 即過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 故選D。題②中表示她先揮手再上火車, 是并列的一次動(dòng)作, 故用一般過去時(shí), 應(yīng)選C。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)混用 ①—What do you think of our plan to Beijing? —I______it over. It’s a good idea. ②(變式)—What do you think of our plan to Beijing? —I have no idea about it. I______it over. A. have thought B. thought C. have been thinking D. had thought,【點(diǎn)撥】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)區(qū)別 (1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響, 一般不表示重復(fù)性; 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是在一段時(shí)期內(nèi)某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的持續(xù)性, 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作本身, 可以表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)。 (2)由語境知, 題①表示“我已經(jīng)考慮過這件事了”, 應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 選A; 題②表示“我一直在考慮這件事”, 故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí), 選C。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4 語境關(guān)系把握不準(zhǔn) ①—I______my project by the time you come to London. —Great. This way you can act as my guide. ②(變式)—I______my project by the time you came to London. —I know. That was why you had time to act as my guide. A. will have finished B. have finished C. had finished D. would have finished,【點(diǎn)撥】 (1)by the time引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中若用一般過去時(shí), 則主句用過去完成時(shí); 從句中若用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), 則主句用將來完成時(shí)。 (2)根據(jù)以上原則, 題①選A, 題②選C。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)5 被動(dòng)語態(tài)特殊結(jié)構(gòu)誤用 ①—What do you think of the selected essays of Long Yingtai? —Oh, excellent. It’s worth______a second time. ②(變式)—What do you think of the selected essays of Long Yingtai? —Oh, excellent. It’s worthy______a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. of reading D. reading,【點(diǎn)撥】 (1)題①中be worth后接doing的主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)意義。故選D。 (2)題②考查worthy的結(jié)構(gòu), 常用be worthy to be done=be worthy of being done。故選B。,