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第8講 名詞性從句,考點(diǎn)1 主語(yǔ)從句 【典例】1. (2015江蘇高考)______Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it. A. That B. Why C. Where D. How 【解析】選C。句意: 中國(guó)偉大詩(shī)人李白出生在哪里是眾所周知的事, 但是有些人不接受。where引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。,2. (2015北京高考)______we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. A. Where B. How C. Why D. When 【解析】選B。句意: 我們?nèi)绾卫斫馐虑榕c我們的感受有很大關(guān)系。本句考查主語(yǔ)從句, 從句中根據(jù)邏輯意義應(yīng)該表示方式。,3. (2014大綱版全國(guó)卷)Exactly________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. A. whether B. why C. when D. how 【解析】選C。句意: 土豆具體是在什么時(shí)候引進(jìn)歐洲的還不確定, 很可能是在1565年左右。根據(jù)but后面的意思可知, 前半句要說(shuō)的是時(shí)間, 所以選C。,4. (2014北京高考)Some people believe________has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. A. whatever B. whenever C. wherever D. however 【解析】選A。句意: 有些人相信以前發(fā)生過(guò)或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的任何事情將來(lái)都會(huì)重復(fù)發(fā)生。believe后面是賓語(yǔ)從句, 賓語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ), 只能選擇連接代詞。,5. (2013四川高考)________you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. A. When B. How C. What D. That 【解析】選C。句意: 你在會(huì)議上所說(shuō)的描述了公司的美好未來(lái)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知在主語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ), 故選擇C項(xiàng)。,【解題技巧】 1. 主語(yǔ)從句中幾組易混連接詞。 (1)what與that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別。 what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ), 有意義。 that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句不作句子成分, 無(wú)意義。例如: What you said yesterday is right. That English is important is an undoubted fact.,(2)whether與if。 主語(yǔ)從句若含有“是否”意義, 且放于句首時(shí), 其引導(dǎo)詞常用whether。 Whether he will be able to come tomorrow remains a question. (=It remains a question whether he will be able to come tomorrow. ) (3)“疑問(wèn)詞+ever”引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。 whatever和whichever在名詞性從句中作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ); whoever作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。 Whoever(=Anyone who)breaks the law should be punished.,2. 形式主語(yǔ)it引導(dǎo)的句式。 ①I(mǎi)t+be+形容詞(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important /certain等)+that從句。 ②It+be+名詞(短語(yǔ))(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)+that從句。 ③It+be+過(guò)去分詞(said/told/reported/decided等)+that從句。 ④It+特殊動(dòng)詞(seems/appears/happens/matters) + that從句。 ⑤It doesn’t matter/makes no difference等+連接代詞/連接副詞/連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。,3. 主語(yǔ)從句的注意事項(xiàng)。 (1)要分清引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的三類(lèi)連詞: ①?gòu)膶龠B詞that不充當(dāng)句子成分, 本身無(wú)意義, 僅起引導(dǎo)從句的作用; ②連接代詞who, whom, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever有意義, 在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ); ③連接副詞where, when, how, why有意義, 在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。,(2)看主語(yǔ)從句里缺少什么成分就補(bǔ)什么成分, 如不缺少成分用that, whether, if; 缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ), 常用what, who, which, whom等; 缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)用where, 缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用when, 缺少原因狀語(yǔ)用why, 缺少方式狀語(yǔ)用how等, 即要看從句的意思是否完整, 根據(jù)“缺什么補(bǔ)什么, 什么都不缺用that”的原則選用連詞。,考點(diǎn)2 賓語(yǔ)從句 【典例】1. (2015浙江高考)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate______is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. A. what B. who C. that D. whoever 【解析】選A。句意: 如果你在河里或湖里游泳, 一定要弄清楚水下有什么東西。水底下常常會(huì)藏有石頭或樹(shù)枝。investigate后面是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句, 從句中缺少主語(yǔ), that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不作句子成分, 故排除C; 根據(jù)句意, 此處不是指人, 所以B和D也不正確。所以正確答案是A, what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。,2. (2015四川高考)The exhibition tells us ______ we should do something to stop air pollution. A. where B. why C. what D. which 【解析】選B。賓語(yǔ)從句中不缺主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ), 故C、D兩項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤; 根據(jù)句意“這個(gè)展覽告訴我們, 我們?yōu)槭裁匆扇〈胧﹣?lái)阻止空氣污染”, 可知B項(xiàng)正確。,3. (2015北京高考)I truly believe______beauty comes from within. A. that B. where C. what D. why 【解析】選A。句意: 我很相信美麗源自?xún)?nèi)心。從句部分不缺少任何成分, 因此用that起連接作用, 也可以省略。,4. (2015福建高考)—I wonder________Mary has kept her figure after all these years. —By working out every day. A. where B. how C. why D. If 【解析】選B。句意: ——我想知道瑪麗這些年是怎么保持她的身材的?！ㄟ^(guò)每天鍛煉。句中I是主語(yǔ), wonder是謂語(yǔ), how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句在整個(gè)句子中作賓語(yǔ)。句子是用表示方式的介詞by回答的, 所以是針對(duì)方式提問(wèn)的, 故用how。,5. (2015湖南高考)You have to know______you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. A. what B. that C. where D. who 【解析】選C。賓語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)完整的句子, 故不能用疑問(wèn)代詞。由句意“如果你要計(jì)劃去那里的最佳方式, 你必須知道你將要去哪里”知, C項(xiàng)正確。,【解題技巧】 1. 賓語(yǔ)從句的基本用法。 (1)whether與if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 whether與if在作“是否”講時(shí), 一般可以換用, 但是下列情況下一般只能用whether, 不用if。 ①引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。 ②從句中直接與or not連用時(shí)。 ③后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。,(2)形式賓語(yǔ)it的使用情況。 動(dòng)詞find, feel, think, consider, take(認(rèn)為), make, believe, guess, suppose, assume等后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí), 需用it作形式賓語(yǔ)而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句后置。 (3)that一般不能充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ), 但在except, in后可以。,2. 賓語(yǔ)從句的考查特別注意時(shí)態(tài)的對(duì)應(yīng)性。 (1)若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須根據(jù)需要選用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài); (2)若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí), 則從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài); (3)若從句的內(nèi)容為客觀事實(shí)、格言、諺語(yǔ)、真理等, 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不受動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一致性原則的限制, 仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。,3. 賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等, 并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí), 從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái), 其反意疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致。 4. 有些動(dòng)詞如like, hate, appreciate, owe等, 接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要在從句前加it。 I’d appreciate it if you let me get on with my job.,考點(diǎn)3 表語(yǔ)從句 【典例】1. (2015安徽高考)A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for. A. what B. whom C. why D. when 【解析】選A。句意: 船停放在港口里是安全的, 但那并非是建造船的目的。表語(yǔ)從句中的for后缺少賓語(yǔ), 用what引導(dǎo), what與for連用, 表示目的。,2. (2014浙江高考)“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea. ”This is________my mother used to tell me. A. what B. how C. that D. whether 【解析】選A。句意: 我媽媽過(guò)去常常告訴我“每次吃糖塊時(shí), 喝杯綠茶?！眞hat引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句, 在從句中又充當(dāng)tell的賓語(yǔ)。,3. (2014四川高考)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That’s________I was born. ” A. when B. how C. why D. where 【解析】選D。句意: 奶奶指著那所醫(yī)院說(shuō): “那就是我出生的地方”。根據(jù)pointed to the hospital可知是地點(diǎn), 故表語(yǔ)從句要用where來(lái)引導(dǎo)。,4. (2014北京高考)The best moment for the football star was________he scored the winning goal. A. where B. when C. how D. why 【解析】選B。句意: 這位足球明星的最好時(shí)刻是當(dāng)他進(jìn)了制勝一球的時(shí)候。was后面是表語(yǔ)從句, 由句意可知表語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)時(shí)間, 因此選擇when, 意為“……的時(shí)候”。,【解題技巧】 1. 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的that無(wú)意義, 也不充當(dāng)句子成分, 只起引導(dǎo)作用, 但不可以省略; if不能用于引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。 The reason is that he got up late. 原因是他起床晚了。 2. 連接代詞、連接副詞引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 這些連接代詞和連接副詞都有意義, 并在從句中作成分, 所以不可省略。,3. 三個(gè)易混句式。,4. 表語(yǔ)從句一定要用陳述語(yǔ)序。 The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 5. 在有表語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中, 主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。 The question is why he cried yesterday.,考點(diǎn)4 同位語(yǔ)從句 【典例】1. (2014重慶高考)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea________he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities. A. when B. why C. that D. how 【解析】選B。句意: ——邁克昨天拒絕了耶魯大學(xué)的錄取通知是真的嗎? ——是的, 但我不知道他這么做的原因, 耶魯大學(xué)是他最喜愛(ài)的大學(xué)之一。根據(jù)后面的that’s one of his favorite universities可知這里指原因, 故用why引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句用以解釋idea的內(nèi)容。,2. (2013浙江高考)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief________you are better than anyone else on the sports field. A. how B. that C. which D. whether 【解析】選B。句意: 取得最大成功的唯一方法就是充分相信你在運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上比其他人更好。該空引導(dǎo)belief的同位語(yǔ)從句。并且在從句中既不作任何句子成分, 也無(wú)任何意義, 只能用that。,【解題技巧】 1. that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的基本意義。 (1)同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容; (2)通常用that引導(dǎo), 且that不能省略; (3)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 不能換成if; (4)可用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有: advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word等。,2. that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。 The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true. (定語(yǔ)從句) The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. (同位語(yǔ)從句),3. 有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在說(shuō)明的名詞后面, 而被別的詞隔開(kāi)。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起敵人可能已經(jīng)逃出城了。 4. suggestion, order, request, proposal, requirement, command, advice, proposition和recommendation等名詞后接同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”的形式, 其中should一詞可省略。 She made a request that the doctor (should) be sent for at once. 她請(qǐng)求立即請(qǐng)醫(yī)生來(lái)。,【誤區(qū)糾偏】 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1 誤判定語(yǔ)從句與表語(yǔ)從句 ①Kunming is no longer the city______it was ten years ago. ②(變式)Kunming is no longer______it was ten years ago. A. where B. which C. what D. that,【點(diǎn)撥】 (1)題①中city是先行詞, 其后是定語(yǔ)從句。which在定語(yǔ)從句中常充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ), 而that可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。故此處選D項(xiàng)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句且在從句中作表語(yǔ)。 (2)題②中沒(méi)有先行詞, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is后應(yīng)是表語(yǔ)從句。what相當(dāng)于the place that, 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句, 同時(shí)在從句中作was的表語(yǔ)。故選C。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2 誤判定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句 ①The fact______she works hard is well known to us all. ②(變式)The fact about______he complained to us yesterday was true. A. that B. what C. which D. where,【點(diǎn)撥】 (1)題①中橫線后的句子是對(duì)fact的解釋說(shuō)明, 應(yīng)為同位語(yǔ)從句。句意: 她工作勤奮的事實(shí)為大家所知。故選A。 (2)題②中complain為不及物動(dòng)詞, 構(gòu)成complain to sb. about sth. , 故此處是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句, 對(duì)先行詞fact加以修飾、限制, 因代指fact在從句中作介詞about的賓語(yǔ), 故可用that, which或省略關(guān)系代詞。選C。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3 “no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”和“疑問(wèn)詞+ever”混用 ①The how-to-book can be of help to________wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever ②(變式)________wants to do the job, the how-to-book can be of help to him. A. Who B. Whomever C. No matter whom D. Whoever,【點(diǎn)撥】 (1)題①whoever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句, 相當(dāng)于anyone who, 從句中缺少主語(yǔ), 選D。 (2)題②whoever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句, 從句中缺少主語(yǔ), 相當(dāng)于No matter who。選D。,