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第3講 主旨大意題,考點(diǎn)1 概括主旨大意類 【典例】(2015廣東高考D) It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics. In recent years, many writers have begun to speak of the ‘decline of class’ and ‘classless society’ in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.,But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging study of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in a particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.,One unchanging aspect of a British person’s class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during the 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice. Most people said this accent sounded ‘educated’ and ‘soft’. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional(地區(qū)的)city accents. These accents were seen as ‘common’ and ‘ugly’. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.,In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song ‘Common People’ puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may ‘want to live like common people’ they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.,Q: What is the main idea of the passage? A. The middle class is expanding. B. A person’s accent reflects his class. C. Class is a key part of British society. D. Each class has unique characteristics.,【解題思路】 速讀文章, 試找出本篇文章的主題句: ______________________________________________________________ 嘗試解答: __,It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction.,C,【解題技巧】 1. “主題句定位”尋主旨 概括文章主旨關(guān)鍵在于查找主題句。主題句是文章的核心, 具有明確的概括性。主題句的位置一般有以下幾種: ①主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。開門見山, 提出主題, 用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想, 是最常見的演繹法寫作方式。新聞報(bào)道、說明文或議論文通常采用這種寫法。,②主題句出現(xiàn)在文末。在表述細(xì)節(jié)后, 歸納要點(diǎn)以概括主題, 是最常見的歸納法寫作方式。 ③主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。為突出主題, 作者先提出主題, 結(jié)束時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題。 ④主題句出現(xiàn)在中間。寫作方式為: 細(xì)節(jié)描述——?dú)w納主題——進(jìn)一步解釋。,2. 常見命題方式 What’s the main idea of the passage/text? What’s the passage/text mainly about? What does the author mainly discuss in the passage/text?,考點(diǎn)2 總結(jié)段落大意類 【典例】(2015福建高考E片段) Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain(保持)a healthy lifestyle. Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body. However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it’s not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It’s an opportunity to be social, release endorphins(內(nèi)啡肽), and improve your strength.,Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone. ……,Q: The first paragraph focuses on______. A. the greatest challenge of group exercise B. the most effective way to improve physical fitness C. ____________________________________ D. the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups,【我來命題】 1. 讀本段文字, 試找出本段的主題句, 并標(biāo)出能總結(jié)段落大意的關(guān)鍵詞: ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ______ 2. 請(qǐng)根據(jù)該題選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)將找到的主題句改編成選項(xiàng)C: _________________________________________________,However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups,,it’s not only great for improving physical health but for psychological,health.,the contribution of group exercise to psychological health,【解題技巧】 1. “首尾兼顧”定選項(xiàng) ①每個(gè)段落通常都有一個(gè)中心, 段落中心通常會(huì)在段首句體現(xiàn)出來。有些采用歸納法的段落, 細(xì)節(jié)表述在前, 歸納概括在后, 段落中心會(huì)在段尾句體現(xiàn)。 ②注意某些段落沒有明顯的段落中心, 需根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容概括出中心。,2. 常見命題方式 The main idea of the. . . paragraph is probably______. The. . . paragraph talks about______. What’s Paragraph. . . mainly about?,考點(diǎn)3 歸納文章標(biāo)題類 【典例】(2014新課標(biāo)全國卷ⅡA) Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.,He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.,My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.,Q: Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. From India to Australia B. Living in a New Country C. Turning Trash to Treasure D. In Search of New Friends,【解題思路】 讀本篇文章, 試填出本篇文章的主線: Rashid arrived in Sydney→discovered that his suitcase was ①_____ after shopping→②________ the case to the police→the phone rang→③______ a pile of papers in their trash can→④________ the important documents and trust 嘗試解答: __,gone,reported,found,restored,C,【解題技巧】 1. “領(lǐng)悟主線”選標(biāo)題 ①所選文章標(biāo)題須能概括全文的中心內(nèi)容。標(biāo)題是文章的點(diǎn)睛之筆, 是文章的靈魂和門面, 比較醒目, 以吸引讀者的注意。 ②一般文章的標(biāo)題可根據(jù)主題句來判斷, 但在某些文章中, 如記敘文, 沒有明確的主題句, 需要根據(jù)文中的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié), 查找文章的“主線”, 歸納出文章的主題。 2. 常見命題方式 題干中一般都有the best title。此類試題比較好判斷。,【誤區(qū)糾偏】識(shí)別干擾選項(xiàng)特征 1. 范圍過大: 干擾項(xiàng)所歸納、概括的范圍太大。 2. 斷章取義: 干擾項(xiàng)常以文章的個(gè)別信息作為選項(xiàng), 或者以次要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)充當(dāng)全文的主要觀點(diǎn)。 3. 以偏概全: 干擾項(xiàng)只反映了文章的部分內(nèi)容, 也就是范圍太小。,【文體鏈接】 一、記敘文寫作特點(diǎn) 1. 文體特點(diǎn): 記敘文是一種記載和敘述事件由來, 描繪事物和人物情景狀態(tài)、過程及發(fā)展的文體。消息、通訊、傳記、游記、小說、童話、寓言以及記敘性的散文等文體, 都屬于記敘文的范疇。 2. 寫作順序: 記敘文一般是按時(shí)間順序, 或按事件的重要性的順序來展開, 最后經(jīng)常會(huì)有一兩句話抒發(fā)作者的情感與感悟, 這是記敘文的精華, 是閱讀的難點(diǎn)所在, 可謂“一篇之妙, 在于落句”。,二、記敘文解題技巧 1. 順藤摸瓜: 記敘文中有大量的事件發(fā)展過程中的細(xì)節(jié), 包括記敘文的5W(who, what, when, where, why)要素。作答細(xì)節(jié)題的時(shí)候, 一般需要由前到后, 從上到下, 按題目順序解答。 2. 左顧右盼: 在做題過程中, 一般都不能在文中找到與題干完全相同的詞語或句子。需要認(rèn)真研究問題, 抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞語, 然后到文中準(zhǔn)確地找到與之相關(guān)的語句, 或是疑似語句的位置, 接著左顧右盼, 在前句或后句尋找線索。,3. 刨根問底: 主旨大意題或推理判斷題、作者意圖題等實(shí)際上是同一類型的問題。在解答時(shí), 要在文前文后查找, 在字里行間尋覓。有時(shí)還需借助自己的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常識(shí)來體會(huì)言外之意。,