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2019-2020年高二英語 Unit 14 Freedom fighters教案2 舊人教版 1. freedom n. 自由 (1) freedom是free的名詞形式，表示“自由”，為不可數(shù)名詞。例如： These men died for freedom.這些人為自由獻身。 In 1863 Lincoln gave freedom to all American slaves. 1863年林肯使美國所有的奴隸都獲得了自由。 The freedom of the press is at stake.出版自由已成問題。 (2) freedom 后接介詞from 有“免除，解脫”的意思。 freedom from hunger免于饑餓 freedom from taxation免稅 (3) 習(xí)語：take / use freedoms with (sb.) 對某人放肆 (4) 同義詞：liberty n.自由 反義詞：restraint n. 抑制，克制 free adj. (1) be free to do sth. 意為“隨心所欲做某事”“不受拘束地做某事”。 Everyone is free to express himself. 每個人都可以暢所欲言。 You are free to go or stay. 去或留隨你的便。 (2) free from/of 不受……影響的 He was free from all blame for the accident. The old man is never free from illness. (3) free 作“免費的，空閑的”講 Are you free today? (4) free 還可以作動詞、副詞，意為“使自由”“免除”“解放”；“自由地”“免費地”“松動地”。 Babies are allowed to travel free on trains.嬰兒可免費坐火車。 Don’t let the dog run free on the main road.別讓狗在大街上亂跑。 (5) freely 也是副詞，意為“主動地，自如地，慷慨地”。 You can speak quite freely in front of me, I shan’t tell anyone what you say. I freely admit that what I said just now was wrong. Can you speak English freely? 你能自如地說英語嗎？ 2. murder 與kill (1) murder的意思是“謀殺，兇殺”，是有目的、有預(yù)謀的行為。 (2) kill 是個普通的詞，意為“造成（任何生物）死亡”，其主語可以是人，也可以是物或大自然。試比較： My uncle was killed in a plane crash. 我叔父在飛機失事中遇難。 The cold weather killed our tomato plants.寒冷的天氣凍壞了我們種的西紅柿。 He was put into prison for murdering his wife.他因謀殺妻子而被關(guān)進了監(jiān)獄。 (3) n. 謀殺（罪）；無意義的死亡；艱難困苦的經(jīng)歷，難辦的事 There have been several murders this year.今年發(fā)生了數(shù)宗謀殺案。 It was absolute murder in town on the first day of the sales. 在第一天銷售時，鎮(zhèn)上真是亂得讓人受不了。 murderer. n. 殺人者，殺人犯 They were all convicted murderers, thieves, or other criminals. 他們都是定了罪的殺人犯、竊賊或其他罪犯。 3. Youth 作“青春，青少年時期，活力”講是不可數(shù)名詞，作“青年、年輕人”講是可數(shù)名詞，the youth是“青年人”的總稱。 In youth, he had shown great promise.他在青少年時代就顯得很有出息。 As a youth he showed little promise. 他是個小伙子，看不出有什么出息。 The youth of the country is/are being ignored by politicians. 這個國家的青年人沒有受到政治家們的重視。 4. put sb. in/ into prison把……關(guān)進監(jiān)獄 It is said that his son was put in prison. The robber was put into prison. 類似的短語還有：be in prison坐牢 go to prison坐牢 cast/ throw sb. into prison把……關(guān)進監(jiān)獄 send sb. to prison把……關(guān)進監(jiān)獄 prison前有無冠詞，意思是不一樣的。請區(qū)分下列句子的意思。 The murderer went to prison last week. The criminal’s wife went to the prison to visit her husband. 那個犯人的妻子去監(jiān)獄探望了她的丈夫。 5. revolution 革命；（思想，工作方式等的）徹底變革 He has lived through two revolutions.他經(jīng)歷了兩次革命。 Socialist revolution can never be achieved without a struggle. 社會主義革命只有通過斗爭來實現(xiàn)。 Credit cards have brought about a revolution in people’s spending habits. 信用卡的使用給人們的消費習(xí)慣帶來巨大改變。 revolutionary adj.& n. 革命的，創(chuàng)新的；革命/新者 He suffered for his revolutionary principles.他為自己的革命原則而蒙受苦難。 Many revolutionaries reject this point of view.許多革命家不接受這種觀點。 6. join hands---hold each other’s hands聯(lián)手，攜手，合伙 We all joined hands and danced round in a circle.我們都拉起手來，圍成一個圓圈跳舞。 Don’t waste our money and time. Let’s join hands in the business. 不要浪費錢和時間，我們在生意上互相合作吧。 The American soldiers joined hands with the British in the war against Germany. 在戰(zhàn)爭中美國士兵和英國士兵攜手對付德軍。 7. arrest (1) 常作及物動詞，有時有“阻止，制止”的意思 He was arrested on a charge of murder.他因謀殺罪被捕。 The criminal was arrested yesterday.罪犯昨天被捕了。 The newly developed drug has arrested the spread of the disease. 這種新藥遏止了疾病的蔓延。 (2) arrest作名詞時，意思是“拘捕”，此時，一般用作可數(shù)名詞。 The police made an arrest last night. 昨晚警察逮捕了一個人。 The police made three arrests yesterday.警察昨天執(zhí)行了三項逮捕行動。 (3) 同義詞stop 阻止，制止 反義詞release釋放 8. separation n. 分開，隔開，分離；分居 Separation from his friends made him sad.他離開了朋友，十分難過。 She couldn’t bear the thought of separation from her children. separate vt. 作動詞時，意為“分開，隔開” Separate those two boys who are fighting.把那兩個打架的孩子分開。 This river separates England and Scotland.這條河把英格蘭與蘇格蘭隔開了。 separate……from…… 將……與……分開 England is separated from France by the English Channel.英吉利海峽將英國與法國分開了. Please separate the good apples from the bad ones.請把好蘋果與壞蘋果分開。 separate 常用于被動語態(tài)，表示“與某人分手、離婚、失散”。 Were you separated from your wife?你和你妻子離婚了嗎？ They got separated in the crowd.他們在人群中失散了。 separate作形容詞，意為“單獨的，獨自的” The children sleep in separate beds.孩子們各睡各的床。 I must have a separate room.我要有一個單間。 Some people only think of their own separate interests.有些人只考慮他們各自的利益。 9. race (1) 用作可數(shù)名詞，第一個意思作“人種；種族”解，指根據(jù)由基因遺傳的體質(zhì)而區(qū)分為特性明顯的群體，可以是局部的地區(qū)性人口或全球性人口。例如： the Negro race黑種人 the white races白種人 the Anglo-Saxon race盎格魯-薩克遜族 There are many races of people in the world.世界上有許多種族。 (2) 用作可數(shù)名詞，另一個重要的意思是“賽跑（車）”，常指速度競賽。 a horse race賽馬 a 10-mile race 10 英里賽跑 He ran a race with me.他同我賽跑。 He won the 100-metre race.他在百米賽跑中獲勝。 (3) 作不及物動詞時，有“比賽，賽跑”的意思，后面常接against/ between/ with等介詞。 The horse is racing against five others. 這匹馬正在和其他五匹馬比賽。 boys racing home from school從學(xué)校跑回家的孩子。 The second runners, already moving, grabbed the sticks and raced. 已經(jīng)起跑的第二棒運動員，抓起接力棒繼續(xù)往前跑。 10. marriage n. 結(jié)婚，婚姻，婚禮 After ten years of marriage, they are divorcing.他們結(jié)婚十年了，現(xiàn)在正鬧離婚。 Her second marriage was held/ took place in St. John’s Church. 她的第二次婚禮是在圣約翰教堂舉行的。 give sb. in marriage (to sb.) 把某人嫁出去 take sb. in marriage嫁或娶某人 11. forbid vt. (forbade, forbidden) ---forbidding forbid The law forbids the use of chemical fertilizers.法律禁止使用化學(xué)肥料。 It was useless to forbid children to play in the park.禁止孩子在公園里玩是沒用的。 Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall.這個音樂大廳禁止吸煙。 12. vote (1)vi.投票，選出，提議 In those days women couldn’t vote.那時候婦女無權(quán)投票。 You are too young to vote.你年齡太小沒有選舉權(quán)。 vote on sth. 就……投票表決 Now we will vote on this question.現(xiàn)在我們就這個問題投票表決。 vote for/ against……投票贊成/反對…… Most of the Republic Party voted for the measure. 大多數(shù)共和黨議員對那項措施投了贊成票。 He voted against the plan. 他對該計劃投了反對票。 vote to do sth.投票去做…… We voted to accept the proposal. 我們投票決定接受這項提案。 vote that ……投票決定……（that從句中的謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”， should可省略） I vote that we stay here. 我建議我們留在這里。 The mittee voted that the game should be put off.委員會投票決定比賽延期。 (2) n. 投票，表決，投票所作的選擇；表決結(jié)果 At the end of the meeting a vote was taken on the motion. 會議結(jié)束前對該項動議進行了表決。 At the election I shall cast my vote for Tom Smith. The vote was 215 to 84 against the motion, with 12 abstentions. 表決結(jié)果是二百一十五票對八十四票反對該項動議，十二票棄權(quán)。 13. set an example to ---樹立榜樣 Lei Feng set to us a good example of serving the people heart and soul. 雷鋒為我們樹立了全心全意為人民服務(wù)的好榜樣。 請注意下列與example構(gòu)成的短語： for example 例如 take…for example/ as an example拿……為例 give an example 舉例 follow one’s example仿效他人的做法 make an example of sb.懲罰某人以警戒他人 teach by example以身作則 14. demand （1）vt. 要求；需要。 demand The workers are demanding a better pay. 工人要求提高工資。 She demanded to speak to the manager. 她要求跟經(jīng)理談話。 The workers demanded that the manager (should) give them an immediate answer. 工人們要求經(jīng)理立即給他們一個答復(fù)。 (2) n. 要求，請求，需要，需求，常構(gòu)成短語 It is impossible to satisfy all your demands.滿足你所有的要求是不可能的。 The workers’ demand for higher wages seems reasonable. 工人們要求增加工資似乎是合理的。 Oil is in great demand these days.現(xiàn)在對石油的需求很大。 (3)習(xí)語： have many demands on/upon one’s time 時間不夠支配 in (great) demand 需要量很大，許多人都需要 make demands of/on 對……提出要求；有求于 meet the demand 滿足需要；符合要求 on demand 在要求時，一經(jīng)請求，在要求支付時 payable on demand 見票即付（的票據(jù)） demand of/ from 向……要求，向……索取 (4)同義詞：require v.要求 反義詞：supply v.提供 15. boycott (1) boycott作動詞，基本含義是“抵制”，指拒絕或與其他人聯(lián)合拒絕使用，購買或經(jīng)銷。 They’re boycotting the shop because the people who work there are on strike to boycott a meeting.他們拒絕購買那家商店的貨物，因為店里的工作人員為了聯(lián)合抵制一個會議而罷工。 They boycotted the meeting.他們拒絕參加那個會議。 (2) boycott也可以作名詞，是“聯(lián)合抵制”的意思，常用作可數(shù)名詞。 We put the production under a boycott.我們聯(lián)合抵制該商品。 (3) 同義詞：ban v. 禁止；取締 16. act (1) act 作名詞時常為可數(shù)名詞，除基本詞義為“行為，舉止”外，另一個重要意思是“法案，法令”，常指有議會通過的重大法令（常大寫） Would you tell us something about the new Education Act? 請你給我們講講新的教育法好嗎？ Parliament has passed an Act forbidding the killing of rare animals. 國會通過了一項法令，禁止捕殺珍稀動物。 (2) act還可作動詞，表示“做某事；表現(xiàn)”，常用句型為“act+adv./介詞短語” He acted bravely when the building was on fire. 房子著火時，他表現(xiàn)得很勇敢。 I acted on your advice, but he acted against it. 我奉行你的忠告，但他卻反其道而行之。 He always acts for his own interest.他總是為自己的利益而行動。 act 還可用于act like……句型。 He acted like a fool. 他的動作像呆子一般。 She acted like an old woman.她的行動像老太太似的。 (3) act 作動詞，表示“扮演；擔(dān)任角色”之意時，其后可直接加賓語。 Who acted Othello that night? 那天晚上誰演奧賽羅？ He is always acting the experienced man who has seen everything. 他總是裝成一個飽經(jīng)滄桑的人。 (4) 習(xí)語 get in on sb’s act 插一手 act as擔(dān)任 act on/ upon 對……起作用 act against違背 17. religion (1) 基本含義是“宗教”，表示“宗教信仰；宗教生活；修道生活”時作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“教派；宗教團體”時作可數(shù)名詞。 Almost every country has some form of religion.幾乎每個國家都有某種宗教信仰形式。 He is a man without religion. 他是個沒有宗教信仰的人。 He doesn’t believe in religion.他不信教。 (2) 同義詞：belief n.信仰 18. start with 以……開始 Knowledge starts/ begins with practice.認識從實踐開始。 The meeting started with the president’s speech.會議以董事長的一篇講演開始。 注意短語to start/ begin with 是“首先，第一（=for a start）”的意思，常放在句首，起開宗明義的強調(diào)作用。 To begin/ start with, we must consider the faculties of the staff all-sidedly. 首先，我們必須全面地考慮全體員工的素質(zhì)。 We can’t go. To start/ begin with, it’s too cold.我們不能去。首先，天太冷了。 19. ridiculous 荒唐的，可笑的 The fat old man looked ridiculous in his tight pink trousers. They charge you a ridiculous price.他們向你漫天要價。 20. at first sight 乍一看，初看之下。 At first sight the problem seemed easy. 乍一看問題似乎很容易解決。 They fell in love at first sight.他們一見鐘情。 21. politics 政治事務(wù)/活動；政治學(xué)；爭權(quán)活動，權(quán)術(shù) Politics has/ have never interested me. 我從未對政治活動感興趣。 Tom is studying politics at university.湯姆在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)政治學(xué)。 Don’t get involved in the office politics.不要卷入辦公室內(nèi)的派別之爭。 注意：以s 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。 如：physics物理（學(xué)）， mathematics數(shù)學(xué)， plastics塑料學(xué)， economics經(jīng)濟學(xué)， politics政治（學(xué)）等， 但politics作“政治觀點，政治信仰/傾向/見解”時，常用作復(fù)數(shù)。 What are her politics?她的政見如何？ My brother Tom was very selfish when he was a little boy . he di not want share things with other people .1 _____ For example , when he bought a chocolate cake , he put them 2____ In a secret place where I couldnt find . then he 3._____ Ate it all , by himself . he never helped other. 4.____ He said he is busy. That is a game of 5______ Tennis making him very busy . he did not care 6______ If something he did made people angry. For 7______ Instance, on one night he played strong and 8_____ Loudly music till four o’clock in the morning . but 9______ He is difference now . he often helps grandma with 10_____ Housework, helps mom with cooking and helps his classmates with their lessons