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2019-2020年高中英語專項突破 完形填空 同、近義或者反義辨析能力 技能考查簡介 　　　普通高中課程改革英語學(xué)科教學(xué)指導(dǎo)意見指出：高中英課程的總目標(biāo)之一是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合語言運用能力；語言技能和語言知識是綜合語言運用能力的基礎(chǔ)。并因此而著重提高學(xué)生用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力，特別注重提高學(xué)生用英語進行思維和表達的能力；形成跨文化交際的意識和基本的跨文化交際能力。 高中英語考試說明的命題要求明確指出：“完形填空考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力和詞匯的綜合運用能力，所選語言材料要有利于考生進行語篇分析，要保證本大題有較好的區(qū)分度。” 因此，高考完形填空題這種題型的設(shè)置是檢驗課程實施效果的方法之一。該題形要求高中生必須具備快速閱讀理解一篇抽去相當(dāng)數(shù)量詞匯文章的內(nèi)容領(lǐng)悟能力和分析推斷能力，綜合運用所學(xué)語法知識、詞匯辨析能力，常識和邏輯推理能力，和具有一定的跨文化交際意識和能力。具體考查技能如下： 詞匯辨析能力：詞匯辨析能力的考查主要集中在名詞，動詞，形容詞和副詞上，選項往往以同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或拼寫相近容易混淆詞的形式出現(xiàn)。其中，由于篇章中會帶有作者主觀的意識，因此在形容詞或者副詞的考查上會出現(xiàn)感情色彩的辨析。 同、近義或者反義辨析和感情色彩 詞匯辨析能力 （五）同、近義或者反義辨析 同、近義詞或者反義詞：在閱讀完形填空的文章過程中，有時會發(fā)現(xiàn)一些與選項意義緊密相連的同義詞、近義詞、反義詞。因此，要學(xué)會充分利用這些詞提供的有效信息進行合理的推測判斷，選出正確的答案 e.g. (xx福建) We have been driving in fog all morning, but the fog is lifting now. The little seaside village are 36 , one by one. A．a(chǎn)ppearing B. moving C. exposing D .expanding 【解析】此題主要考查appear和 expose的近義詞的辨析。根據(jù)上文but the fog is lifting now，可知霧開始消散了，得知該句的所要表達的含義為“海邊的小村莊一個接著一個的顯露出來?！保?可以直接排除move移動； expand 使膨脹。因expose 使暴露，一般用被動語態(tài)；appear 出現(xiàn)，顯露，沒有被動語態(tài)，得出正確答案為A。 一、小試牛刀： 1、He then walked_ 42___without even finishing his food. 42. A. on B. around C. up D. away 2、She often sees double and can’t 38 how far away things are. 38. A. tell B. guess C. assume D. predict 3、That morning, however, the process didnt 20 quickly. 20. A. go B. begin C. occur D. change 4、“You shouldn’t 24 what people say about what you look like because we’re not different from anyone else, Holly,” 24 A. write down B. agree with C. pass on D. listen to 5、She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics. Her 52 is to reach level 9. 52. A. standard B. range C. view D. goal 【答案解析】 1、【解析】D。動詞短語辨析。He then walked____without even finishing his food（甚至沒有吃完食物，然后他就走了）walk away 走開。walk on 繼續(xù)走，walk around四處走， walk up往上走，均不符合語境。 2、【解析】A。動詞辨析。tell辨別；判定， guess 猜測；推測； assume假設(shè)，假定；predict 預(yù)言，預(yù)測。根據(jù)上文的see double——看東西都是雙影，指明Lola Walter不能辨別事物的距離。A為正確選項。 3、【解析】A。動詞辨析。事情進展如何，常用動詞go，而不用begin, occur, change。 4、【解析】D。短語詞義辨析。根據(jù)what people say about（人們說什么），可知是不要‘聽’，因此選項D正確。A. write sown 記下 B. agree with 同意 C. pass on 傳遞，均不符合語境。 5、【解析】D。名詞辨析。她的目標(biāo)是達到體操九級。standard 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)； range 范圍； view 視圖風(fēng)景；goal 目標(biāo)，均不符合語境。 二、基礎(chǔ)鞏固： 1、 46 the hill and across the valley, she rode to the 47 of the golden house. 46. A. Over B. Down C. Around D. Beside 47. A. windows B. steps C. center D. gate 2、He was turning to leave when suddenly he 39 a hot breath about his ear. 　　39. A. took B. released C. felt D. drew 3、Then through the hospital I was 21 to a children’s burns camp, where children like me can get any help. There, I 22 14-year-old Stephanie, whose burns are a lot more serious than mine. 21 A. promoted B .introduced C. reported D. carried 22 A. met B. recognized C. remembered D. caught 4、Such is Dad—whether problem he 25 , he never gives up. 25. A. meets with B. brings up C. works out D. thinks about 5、When I was just 20 months old, I suffered serious 13 after a bowl full hot oil fell on my head. 13 A. hunger B .cold C. defeats D. burns 【答案解析】 1、【解析】B?？疾榻樵~的辨析。A. Over 通過，B. Down 向下， C. Around，周圍，D. Beside在旁邊。由 “ across the valley”和“ rode to…h(huán)ouse”騎車得先下山，才能穿過山谷，騎回家。故答案是B。 2、【解析】C。考查動詞辨析。A. took 帶走，B. released釋放，D. drew 拉。根據(jù)本句a hot breath about his ear. 可推知本空C項felt正確。，均不符合語境。 3、【解析】A?？疾閯釉~辨析。A. met 遇到，B. recognized 認(rèn)出，C. remembered記起， D. caught 抓住。根據(jù)前句可知作者去了一個兒童燒傷營，所以，她在那里應(yīng)該是‘遇到’了一個女孩，因此可知選項A正確。 4、【解析】A。考查動詞短語辨析。 A. meets with遇見，B. brings up帶大，C. works out算出，D. thinks about考慮。本句意思是：無論他“遇到”什么難題，他都不會放棄。四個選項的意思分別是：遇到，撫養(yǎng)，解出（難題），考慮，只有選項A符合句意。 5、【解析】?？疾槊~辨析。A. hunger 饑餓 ，B .cold 寒冷，C. defeats失敗，D. burns燒傷。根據(jù)a bowl full hot oil fell on my head，可知作者受的是‘燙傷’，因此D選項正確。 三、能力提高： 1、By bad luck, my purse strap(帶子) got 28 on a chair and the tray(托盤) that I was holding slipped 29 my hands and went flying in the air. 29. A. by B. in C. from D. out 2、With my suitcase __36__ and some sandwiches in a bag, I started for the front door and said to Mom, “ I’m leaving.” 36. A. packed B .returned C. cleaned D. repaired 3、She 53 and all of a sudden she saw an amazing 54 . There on the other side of the valley was a little house and its windows were golden. 53. A. turned around B. cheered up C. settled down D. dropped in 54. A. hill B. valley C. background D. sight 4、I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday”, which was to make us more 36 the problems faced by disabled people. 36. A. curious about B. interested in C. aware of D. careful with 5、Her biggest 44 is the balance beam. Because she has double vision, she often sees tow beams. 44. A. doubt B. advantage C. challenge D. program 【答案解析】 1、【解析】C?？疾榻樵~辨析。A. by 在….旁邊， B. in在里面，C. from從……， D. out在……外。本題的關(guān)鍵詞是slip“滑脫，滑掉”。句子的前半部分The tray that I was holding (我端著的托盤)，因此，本句想表達的是：托盤從我的手中滑落飛了出去。故選擇C項。 2、【解析】A。考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)詞匯的意義解題。packed“包裝，打包”； returned“返回；報答”; cleaned“使干凈”; repaired“修理”. pack suitcase 意為“收拾好行李箱”。 3、【解析】A?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。A. turned around 轉(zhuǎn)身， B. cheered up 鼓勵， C. settled down 定居下來， D. dropped in拜訪。根據(jù)下文提示解題。下文提到There on the other side of the valley…可知這里指“小女孩轉(zhuǎn)過身，回頭看”，所以選擇A。 4、【解析】C?？疾樾稳菰~短語辨析。A. curious about對……好奇，B. interested in對…….感興趣，C. aware of 意識到…… D. careful with 對……小心仔細(xì)。根據(jù)句意：活動的目的是為了讓參與者更多地了解和感受殘疾人所面臨的問題，故選C。 5、【解析】C?？疾槊~的辨析。doubt懷疑，疑惑；advantage 優(yōu)勢；有利條件； challenge 挑戰(zhàn)； progress進步；前進。下一句提到因為她視覺有重影，會看到兩根平衡木，所以，平衡木對她是最大的挑戰(zhàn)。故選擇Ｃ。 四、終極挑戰(zhàn)： 1、I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road 40 the Potomac River in West Virginia. 40. A. at B. through C. over D. round 2、Farmer Mike’s house had been a great place for the little mouse 35 the farmer married a wife who had a cat. Zigfried 36 when he thought of it. 　　35. A. although B. until C. whereas D. unless 　　36. A. leapt B. sniffed C. trembled D. withdrew 3、In my application letter, I was careful to 21 how much I wanted to see France; evidently, my excitement really came through in my words. 21. A. discuss B. express C. announce D. argue 4、There are four of us now in the house, but over time I’ve had nine people e in and move on to other places. We’d all be in 54 if we hadn’t banded together. 54. A. yards B. shelters C. camps D. cottages 5、He always puts our happiness 32 his own, and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games 33 his exhaustion after long days. 32. A. after B. before C. beside D. under 33. A. in spite of B. in terms of C. in control of D. in place of 【答案解析】 1、【解析】C?？疾榻樵~辨析。A. at 在……B. through穿過…… C. over 越過…… D. round在…..周圍。根據(jù)句意和搭配。作者找到了可以租賃的一個破舊房子，不過要沿著橫跨波托馬克河的蜿蜒山路向上行走4英里。” a winding mountain road”橫跨 “the Potomac River”，over在…上面,由一邊到另一邊，其余均不符。 2、【解析】C。考查動詞詞義辨析。36. A. leapt跳躍，B. sniffed 嗅，C. trembled 顫抖，D. withdrew 推出。根據(jù)上文中提到了貓，本句是描述小老鼠偷糧食時的狀況?？赏浦究誄項trembled正確。 3、【解析】B。考查動詞詞義辨析。A. discuss討論；B. express 表達；C. announce通知；D. argue爭論。根據(jù)In my application letter（在我的申請信中），可知作者應(yīng)該是‘表達’自己的愿望，故選項B正確。 4、【解析】B?？疾槊~辨析。A. yards 院子， B. shelters 收容所， C. camps 帳篷， D. cottages村舍。 根據(jù)上文語境和語法知識解題。此處說：如果我們不團結(jié)在一起，我們都會流落到住收容所（shelters）的地步。其余三項分均不符合語境。 5、【解析】A。考查介詞短語辨析。A. in spite of 盡管， B. in terms of在……的條件下， C. in control of在……的控制下， D. in place of取代， 長時間工作之后，“盡管”很累，也從不忘記在我參加比賽的時候為我打氣加油?！袄邸焙汀敖o我打氣加油”之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該用in spite of。其它三個選項的意思，均不合句意。