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,選修10 Units 1～2,扣考綱話題誦讀,固考基教材梳理,課后限時檢測,析考點重難突破,話題30 歷史與地理 [話題詞匯] 【常見單詞】 1．geography n．地理 2．a(chǎn)ncestor n．祖先 3．discovery n．發(fā)現(xiàn) 4．culture n．文化 5．a(chǎn)ncient adj.古代的,6．civilized adj.文明的 7．fascinating adj.魅力無窮的 8．historical adj.歷史的 9．invent v．發(fā)明 10．present v．呈現(xiàn),【常見短語】 1．date back to 追溯到 2．be set in 以……為背景 3．unique features 獨有的特色 4．beyond imagination 超出想象 5．It is universally acknowledged that. 眾所周知……,[經(jīng)典語篇] 【寫作要求】 (2014咸陽四縣市聯(lián)考)北京是中國的首都，也是一個有著悠久歷史的城市，每年都會吸引世界各地的大批游客來參觀。請根據(jù)以下要點以Beijing為題寫一篇用英語介紹北京的短文。 1．地理位置：中國北部； 2．面積：1萬6千多平方公里； 3．人口：大約1695萬； 4．氣候：夏季炎熱多雨，冬季寒冷干燥，春秋短促；,5．基本情況：是中國文化、商業(yè)、旅游中心；許多大型活動在此舉行，最著名的是2008年奧運會；具有悠久的歷史和豐富的旅游資源；最著名的名勝古跡有天壇、故宮、頤和園、長城等。 要求：1.詞數(shù)：不少于100； 2．不要逐句翻譯，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，使行文連貫。 __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________,【參考范文】 ①Beijing, the capital of China, is an ancient city with a long history and every year it attracts thousands of visitors all over the world.Located in the north of China, Beijing covers an area of about 16 thousand square kilometers.It has a population of more than 16.95 million.In the north, the weather in each season is clearly identified.Especially in the city of Beijing, summer is always hot and rainy while winter is cold and dry；the period of spring and autumn is relatively.,As a cultural, educational and commercial center of China, lots of huge events are held here every year and the most famous one is the 2008 Olympic Games.②Beijing not only has ancient civilization but also possesses rich traveling resources such as the imperial palace, the Temple of Heaven, Summer palace and the Great Wall, which have seen the development of Beijing and expect your visiting.,[一試身手] 【句型轉(zhuǎn)換】 1．將句型①改為含有定語從句的復(fù)合句。 Beijing, the capital of China, is an ancient city with a long history，_____________________________________________ ___________________.,which attracts thousands of visitors from various,places in the world,2．將句型②改為倒裝句。 ___________________________________________but also possesses rich traveling resources such as the imperial palace, the Temple of Heaven, Summer palace and the Great Wall, which have seen the development of Beijing and expect your visiting.,Not only does Beijing have ancient civilization,【完成句子】 1．全世界都知道樹木對我們來說是不可或缺的。 ___________________________________trees are essential to us. 2．該城堡建于14世紀(jì)。 The castle_____________________________________. 3．這部電影以中世紀(jì)時的一個英國小鎮(zhèn)為背景。 The film______________________________ in the Middle Ages.,It is universally acknowledged that,dates back to the 14th century,is set in an England town,一、單詞速覽 1.___________ prep. 超出(……之外)；非……所能及；在(或向)……的那一邊 2．___________ adj. 傳統(tǒng)的，常規(guī)的，依照慣例的 3．___________ n. 費用，開銷 4．___________ adj. 難熬的；困難的；嚴(yán)厲的；堅強的 5．___________ n. 租金 vt. 租用，租借；出租,beyond,conventional,expense,tough,rent,6．___________ vt. 搶劫，掠奪，盜取 7．___________ adj. 靈活的，有彈性的 8．___________ n. 貨幣，通貨 9．___________ vt. 闡明，澄清，使更清晰易懂 10．___________ n. 同情，贊同，支持 11．___________ vt. 償還；報答 →___________ n. 償還債務(wù)；分期償還額,rob,flexible,currency,clarify,sympathy,repay,repayment,12．___________ n. 創(chuàng)造力 →___________ vt. 創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作；造成 →___________ adj. 富有創(chuàng)造力的 →___________ n. 創(chuàng)造者；創(chuàng)建者 13．___________ vi.& vt. 選擇(做某事)；選舉 →___________ n. 選舉 14．___________ vt.& vi. 削弱，減弱 →___________ adj. 虛弱的,creativity,create,creative,creator,elect,election,weaken,weak,15．___________ n. 救護(hù)車 16．___________ n．& v. 繁榮，激增 17．___________ n. 沖突 18．___________ n. 困境 19．___________ adj. 永久的 20．___________ n. 榮幸,ambulance,boom,collision,dilemma,permanent,privilege,【看單詞，學(xué)構(gòu)詞】 在14.weaken中，－en 為常見的構(gòu)成動詞的后綴。 ①接在某些形容詞后面構(gòu)成動詞，有“做”、“使”、“成為”、“使……變成”等含義。例如：shorten(使縮短), darken(使黑，變黑)，deepen(加深，使深)，broaden(加寬)，sharpen(削尖)，sweeten(使變甜)，richen(使富)，thicken(使變厚)，quicken(加快)，soften(使軟化)，blacken(使變黑)，harden(變硬，硬化)，weaken(變?nèi)?，fasten(使固定)，widen(變寬)。,②接在某些名詞后構(gòu)成動詞，有“使”、“使……變成”等含義。例如：frighten(恐嚇)，hasten(加快)，heighten(提高)，lengthen(延長)，strengthen(加強)等。,二、短語快譯 1.____________________________ 促使，迫使 2．_____________補上，補做 3．____________________實施，把……付諸實踐 4．__________迫切要求，反復(fù)爭取 5．___________________遷移中，行進(jìn)中 6．_______________變成,put pressure on sb.(to do sth.),catch up on,put sth.into practice,push for,be on the move,turn into,7．_______________是明智的，是有道理的 8．_______________迎合，滿足需要 9．_______________處于關(guān)鍵時刻 10．_______________除……之外，在……上面 11．_______________充其量，至多 12．_______________成為重要新聞 13．_________________________親人 14．_______________口口相傳,make sense,cater to sb./sth.,at a crossroads,on top of,at best,make a headline,ones (own) flesh and blood,word of mouth,15．_____________________提高認(rèn)識 16．_______________毫無疑問 17．_______________解釋原因；占……比例 18．________________________利用 19．_______________部分地 20．_______________開始從事；喜歡,raise awareness of,beyond doubt,account for,take advantage of,in part,take to,三、句式構(gòu)建 1．that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句 _______________________，“Give a man a fish，and you feed him for a day.Teach a man to fish，and you feed him for the rest of his life.”有句俗語是這樣說的：“授人以魚，三餐之需；授人以漁，終生之用?！?There is a saying that goes,2．where 引導(dǎo)定語從句 Angela,21，adds，“Id love to stay_________________ ________________ ，but there are no good jobs.”21歲的安杰拉補充道：“我挺樂意住在我長大的社區(qū)里，但是那里沒有好的工作……”,in the community,where I grew up,3．one代替前面提到的可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式 Another big industry，and_______ that is growing annually，is the tourism industry.另外一個大的行業(yè)，而且是每年都在增長的一個行業(yè)是旅游業(yè)。,one,,解析6個考綱單詞 1．beyond prep.超出(……之外)；非……所能及；在(或向)……的那一邊 (教材P2)There is beyond doubt an amazing achievement，but is it enough？毋庸置疑，這是驚人的成就，但是這就足夠了嗎？,beyond ones power 超出某人的能力 beyond ones reach 在某人夠不著的地方 beyond praise 夸不勝夸 beyond belief 難以置信 ①Its beyond his power.這是他力所不及的。 ②The plates on the upper shelf were beyond_my_reach.我伸手也夠不著上層架子上的盤子。 ③She was beautiful beyond_belief. 她漂亮得令人難以相信。,2．expense n．費用，開銷 (教材P5)Aid agencies like projects such as water buffalo banks，as the main expense for helping a village is the cost of one water buffalo.作為幫助村子的主要費用，援助機(jī)構(gòu)如水牛銀行的付出僅僅是一頭水牛的價格。 at sb.s expense/at the expense of 由某人付錢，歸……付費；嘲弄，捉弄；在損害……的情況下 spare no expense 不惜一切代價,①He worked long hours at_the_expense_of his health. 他長時間工作犧牲了健康。 ②He spared_no_expense in building a villa for himself. 他不惜工本為自己建了一幢別墅。,3．repay vt.償還，報答 (教材P9)Therefore，these countries will never be able to repay the money. 因此，這些國家永遠(yuǎn)沒有能力償還這些錢。 repay sb./sth. 歸還；償還；清償 repay sb.for sth. 報答，酬報,①I can never repay you for your kindness. 我永遠(yuǎn)也報答不完你的恩惠。 ②Ill repay_you_all_the_money you lent me next week. 我下周還你借給我的所有的錢。,4．elect vt.& vi.選擇(做某事)；選舉 (教材P19)Across the USA，people are noticing the same thing: young people are electing to live in cities.在美國，人們都注意到了同樣的事情：年輕人都選擇住在城市里。 elect sb.to be/as (the)＋ 身份 選舉某人為 elect to do sth. 決定做某事 ①The artist must elect to fight for freedom or slavery. 一個藝術(shù)家必須就為自由還是為奴役而奮斗做出決定。 ②He is elected_to_be the leadership of the party. 他被推舉為黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。,5．sympathy n．同情，贊同，支持 (教材P31)It both makes us feel sympathy for them，and also makes us think about why we tend to have prejudice against other people just because they have a different culture or a different way of life.這既讓我們同情他們，又讓我們思考為什么我們僅僅因為別人有不同的文化或者選擇了不同于我們的生活方式就往往會對他們產(chǎn)生偏見。 have/feel sympathy for sb. 同情某人 be in sympathy with 贊同，支持 out of sympathy 出于同情,①Gorky had great sympathy for the poor and the down－trodden.高爾基非常同情窮人和受蹂躪的人。 ②Many people are in_sympathy_with your views. 許多人贊同你的看法。 ③Out_of_sympathy for the homeless children he gave them a bed for the night.出于對無家可歸的孩子們的憐憫，他讓他們留宿過夜。,6．rob vt.搶劫， 掠奪， 盜取 (1)rob sb. of sth. 搶劫某人某物 rob sp.of sth. 搶劫某地某物 (2)robber n. 搶劫犯； 劫匪 (3)robbery n. 搶劫 ①The robbers robbed a jewellery shop and their robbery hit the city. 劫匪搶劫了一家珠寶店， 他們的搶劫轟動了全市。,②He robbed_the_shop_of_3,000 yuan. 他從這家商店搶了3 000元。 ③ He was_robbed_of_his car and mobile phone. 他的汽車和手機(jī)都被搶了。,[單詞對點集訓(xùn)] Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．We decided that we should ________(選舉)a new sales manager. 2．You should ________(償還)your debt. 3．Few children remained in the school ________(超過)the age of 15 then. 4．We should save unnecessary ________(開支)． 5．She never expressed any ________(同情)when I was injured.,6．The ________(租金)for the apartment is $80 a month. 7．They devised a plan to ________(搶劫)a bank. 8．Changes in policy have ________(削弱)the power of the trade unions. 【答案】 1.elect 2.repay 3.beyond 4.expense 5．sympathy 6.rent 7.rob 8.weakened,Ⅱ.單項填空 1．During the ten－day vacation，they traveled to many parts of France ________ their own expense. A．on B．with C．a(chǎn)t D．in 【解析】 at ones own expense意為“自費”。 【答案】 C,2．Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have ________ schedules to make it easier to care for their children. A．heavy B．smooth C．flexible D．complex 【解析】 考查形容詞辨析。句意：在外上班的母親的日程計劃應(yīng)具有彈性，這樣可以使照看孩子更加容易。heavy重的，超出一般的；smooth平滑的，平穩(wěn)的；flexible靈活的，可變動的；complex復(fù)雜的。 【答案】 C,3．If you dont buy insurance for your car，you may ________ losing everything when it gets destroyed in an accident. A．delay B．deny C．a(chǎn)void D．risk 【解析】 考查動詞辨析。句意：如果你不為你的車買保險，當(dāng)車在事故中毀壞時，你可能冒著失去一切的風(fēng)險。risk doing sth.冒險做某事；delay推遲；deny否決；avoid避免。 【答案】 D,4．She was in a ________ over whether to tell her son the truth that he was adopted or not. A．dilemma B．procedure C．process D．manner 【解析】 考查名詞辨析。句意：對于是否要告訴兒子他是被收養(yǎng)的這個事實， 她感到左右為難。dilemma“(進(jìn)退兩難的)窘境， 困境”， 符合句意。 【答案】 A,5．To the passengers anger，they were robbed ________ all their money. A．of B．off C．from D．a(chǎn)way 【解析】 句意：讓乘客們生氣的是，他們被搶走了所有的錢。rob sb.of sth.搶走某人某物，是固定搭配。 【答案】 A,6．(2014合肥市高中畢業(yè)班綜合練習(xí))Elizabeth has already achieved success ________ her wildest dreams. A．a(chǎn)t B．beyond C．within D．upon 【解析】 句意：Elizabeth獲得了大大超出她的預(yù)料的成功。beyond ones wildest dreams表示“大大超出預(yù)料”，beyond超出。 【答案】 B,7．The contract says they offer a company six months free ________ if it signs a three－year lease. A．employment B．rent C．pay D．hire 【解析】 句意：合同上說如果租賃三年，他們會免除公司六個月的租金。rent租金；employment雇用，職業(yè)；pay薪水；hire租用。 【答案】 B,8．I am ________ you in your love for country life. A．in need of B．in praise of C．in sympathy with D．in honour of 【解析】 句意：我完全贊同你對鄉(xiāng)村生活的熱愛。in sympathy with“贊同，支持”，符合句意。 【答案】 C,分析2個高考短語 1．put pressure on sb.(to do sth.)促使，迫使 (教材P2)The concert also made the headlines around the world，and put great pressure on politicians and statesmen to do something about the problem of world hunger.音樂會也受到了全世界媒體的極大關(guān)注，這給政客和政治家施加了巨大壓力，迫使他們?yōu)槭澜琊嚮膯栴}采取行動。,under pressure 在壓力之下 under the pressure of 在……逼迫下，因……迫不得已 pressure sb.to do sth. 對某人施加壓力使其做某事 pressure sb.into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事 ①He works well under pressure. 他在有壓力的情況下工作很出色。 ②He changed his mind under the pressure of others. 他在別人的逼迫之下改變了主意。 ③Dont let yourself be_pressured_into_making a hasty decision.不要勉強自己倉促做決定。,2．catch up on 補上，補做 (教材P9)As a result，these countries are always struggling to catch up on their repayments. 結(jié)果，這些國家總是奮力地去彌補他們償還的債務(wù)…… catch up with 跟上；趕上 catch hold of 抓住；抓牢 catch ones eye/attention 引起注意 catch on 理解，弄明白,①I dont quite catch_on.我不很理解。 ②Drive faster—theyre catching up with us. 開快點——他們要趕上我們了。 ③He caught_hold_of her wrists so she couldnt get away.他抓住她的手腕，使她無法掙脫。,[短語對點集訓(xùn)] Ⅰ.選詞填空 account for；take to；push for；in vain；take advantage of；relate to；apply to；(be) faced with；on the scene；contrary to 1．The university asked me to provide all the information ________ my academic achievements. 2．________ a difficult decision，she doesnt know what to do next. 3．Girls ________ half of the students in Class One. 4．I ________ her the moment I met her.,5．Not content with the policy，he ________ reforming it. 6．I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem，but ________. 7．The new technology ________ farming. 8．When the fire broke out，firefighters were __________ immediately. 9．If you ________ your spare time，you will be able to catch up with the top students. 10．________ what many people think，many cats dislike milk.,【答案】 1.relating to 2.Faced with 3.account for 4．took to 5.is pushing for 6.in vain 7.was applied to 8．on the scene 9.take advantage of 10.Contrary to,Ⅱ.單項填空 1．(2014鹽城質(zhì)檢)Not until we saw the manager did we know that the bank ________ the company for the purpose of reducing its borrowings. A．took part in B．caused damage to C．put pressure on D．drew attention to 【解析】 句意：直到我們見到經(jīng)理，我們才知道為了減少借貸，銀行對這家公司施加了壓力。put pressure on給……施加壓力；take part in參加；cause damage to對……造成損害；draw attention to引起對……的注意。 【答案】 C,2．The local people continued to ________ the better management of the limited water resources in the area. A．a(chǎn)nswer for B．push for C．a(chǎn)ccount for D．cater for 【解析】 考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當(dāng)?shù)厝死^續(xù)努力爭取更好地管理這個地區(qū)的有限的水資源。answer for因……而受罰，對……負(fù)責(zé)； push for奮力爭取； account for是……的原因，導(dǎo)致； cater for滿足(需要)，迎合，為(宴會、婚禮等)提供食品、服務(wù)。根據(jù)題意可知選B項。 【答案】 B,3．It can be easy to ________ such bad habits as smoking and heavy drinking，but it is not so easy to quit. A．slide into B．turn into C．put into D．draft into 【解析】 句意：染上抽煙酗酒的壞習(xí)慣可能很容易，但戒掉不容易。slide into(使)滑入，溜進(jìn)，不知不覺地陷入；turn into變，成為；put into使進(jìn)入，輸入，駛?cè)?；draft into征召……入(伍)；根據(jù)句意，A項正確。 【答案】 A,4．We spent the evening ________ each others news. A．catch up with B．catching up with C．catching up on D．catching up in 【解析】 catch up with趕上，追上；catch up on在此句 中意為“了解(已發(fā)生的事情)”；get caught up in被卷入，陷入。 【答案】 C,5．(2014黃山市仿真)Improving your spoken English by talking much with foreigners from Britain would ________，for practice makes perfect. A．make sense B．make sure C．make believe D．make public 【解析】 句意：通過和來自英國的外國人多談話來提高你的英語口語是明智的，因為熟能生巧。make sense是明智的，是有道理的；make sure確保；make believe假裝；make public公開。 【答案】 A,剖析2個高考句型 1．(教材P6)Another big industry，and one that is growing annually，is the tourism industry.另外一個大的行業(yè)，而且是每年都在增長的一個行業(yè)是旅游業(yè)。 句法分析：one是代詞，相當(dāng)于an industry。that is growing annually是定語從句修飾one。one常在句中起替代作用，以免重復(fù)。,that/one/it用法： (1)that表示特指，指代前面提到過的那類事物(不指代人)。既可以替代可數(shù)名詞(復(fù)數(shù)形式為those)，也可以替代不可數(shù)名詞，替代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時其作用有時等于the one。 (2)one表示泛指，代替前面提到過的同類人或物，但不是同一個；它只能替代可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones。 (3)it表示特指，指代前面提到過的那個事物(是同一個)或一種情景，用于指可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。,①The student who does best in the exam is not always the one with the best brain. 考試成績好的學(xué)生不總是最聰明的。 ②I hope there are enough glasses for_each_guest_to_have_one.我希望有足夠的杯子，每位客人一個。 ③We are studying in a school with_trees_all_around_it. 我們在一個周圍有樹的學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。,高考鏈接 ①(2014山東高考)Susan made________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. A．that B．this C．it D．her 【解析】 本題考查代詞的運用。句意：蘇珊清楚地跟我表明她希望為自己創(chuàng)造新的生活。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出，該句中包含一個that引導(dǎo)的從句，而且根據(jù)語境可知，that從句的內(nèi)容就是蘇珊向我表明的事情，所以后置的that從句實際上是made的真正賓語，故用形式賓語it指代that從句，所以選C。其余代詞均不能用作形式賓語。 【答案】 C,②(2014浙江高考)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year，making ________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850. A．each B．it C．this D．one 【解析】 本題考查替代詞。句意：去年平均降雨量僅為18.75厘米，使其成為自1850年加利福尼亞成為州以來最干旱的一年。由語境可知，此處考查的是代詞的替代，替代前面提到的1ast year，為同名同物的指代，用it。each每一；this這個；one一個，泛指“同類當(dāng)中的一個”。 【答案】 B,2．(教材P19)Angela,21，adds，“Id love to stay in_the_community_where_I_grew_up，but there are no good jobs.”21歲的安杰拉補充道：“我挺樂意住在我長大的社區(qū)里，但是那里沒有好的工作……” 句法分析：in the community where I grew up，其中where I grew up(＝in which I grew up)屬于定語從句。,where引導(dǎo)從句： (1)where引導(dǎo)定語從句時，其前面有名詞作先行詞，where可換成“介詞＋which”。 (2)where引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，其前面無先行詞，where不能換成“介詞＋which”。 (3)where 也可引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。 ①That was where we camped last time. 那就是我們上次野營的地方。(表語從句) ②The driver asked me where I wanted to go. 司機(jī)問我想上哪兒去。(賓語從句),③After the war，a new school building was set up where there had once been a theatre.戰(zhàn)后，一所新的學(xué)校在劇院的舊址上建立了起來。(狀語從句) ④You should make it a rule to leave things at the place where_you_can_find_them_again.你應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成一個習(xí)慣，把東西放在你能再找到的地方。(定語從句) ⑤Where_you_are_from is not important. 你從哪里來并不重要。(主語從句),[句型對點集訓(xùn)] Ⅰ.單項填空 1．Maybe you have been to many famous restaurants，but nowhere else ________ on such nice ducks. A．you can feast B．can you taste C．you can taste D．can you feast 【解析】 nowhere是表示否定意義的副詞，位于句首時句子應(yīng)用部分倒裝語序，feast意為“盡情地吃，飽餐”，接賓語時要用介詞on。 【答案】 D,2．(2014株洲模擬)House prices vary from place to place and are usually high ________ there are famous schools. A．where B．since C．when D．whether 【解析】 考查連詞。句意：各地的房價不同， 有名校的地方， 房價通常很高。根據(jù)句意可知， 此處需要用where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句。 【答案】 A,3．WHO and CDC say there is no evidence ________ the bird flu H7N9 will spread between human beings. A．which B．that C．why D．whether 【解析】 句意：世界衛(wèi)生組織和疾病預(yù)防控制中心都說沒有證據(jù)表明H7N9禽流感會在人與人之間傳播。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知， 空格處引導(dǎo)同位語從句， 從句不缺少句子成分， 句意完整， 所以選that。 【答案】 B,4．(2011重慶高考)—Silly me！I forget what my luggage looks like. —What do you think of ________ over there? A．the one B．this C．it D．that 【解析】 句意：——我真笨！我忘了我的行李什么樣子了。——你認(rèn)為那邊那個是你的嗎？首先將本題改為“What do you think of the luggage over there？”that＝the＋不可數(shù)名詞；the one＝the＋可數(shù)名詞；it指代同名同物。根據(jù)over there 可知D項正確。 【答案】 D,Ⅱ.完成句子 1．這是禮堂，醫(yī)學(xué)會議將在此召開。 This is a hall ________________. 2．你們班的班主任比他們班的年輕又有活力。 The headteacher in your class is younger and more active ____________. 【答案】 1.where the medical conference will be held 2．than the one in theirs,