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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 如何寫(xiě)好復(fù)合句教案 在英語(yǔ)中，包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句。如果一個(gè)句子包含兩個(gè)或更多的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，其中有一個(gè)或更多的更多的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)句子的某一個(gè)成分，這個(gè)句子就叫復(fù)合句。復(fù)合句分為名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句(形容詞性從句)和狀語(yǔ)從句(副詞性從句)。其中，名詞性從句又分為主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句。 一、名詞性從句 比較下列兩組句子： 1)Your explanation (主語(yǔ)) sounds (連系動(dòng)詞) reasonable (表語(yǔ)). (只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，簡(jiǎn)單句) What you said just now (主語(yǔ)從句) sounds（連系動(dòng)詞）reasonable (表語(yǔ)). (主語(yǔ)包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，復(fù)合句) 2)I (主語(yǔ)) believe (謂語(yǔ)) your honesty (賓語(yǔ)).(只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，簡(jiǎn)單句) I (主語(yǔ)) believe (謂語(yǔ)) that you are honest (賓語(yǔ)從句). (賓語(yǔ)包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，復(fù)合句) 主語(yǔ)從句What you said just now中的What，賓語(yǔ)從句that you are honest中的that都是引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。從句的結(jié)構(gòu)一般說(shuō)來(lái)和簡(jiǎn)單句的一樣，只不過(guò)從句前多了一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞。 了解并正確使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞是寫(xiě)好名詞性從句的關(guān)鍵，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的詞義的用法見(jiàn)下表： 類別 詞義 在從句中的作用 連詞that 無(wú)任何詞義 僅起連接作用，不做成分 連詞whether, if 意為“是否” 起連接作用，不做成分 連接代詞what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 有各自含義 連接從句，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ) 連接副詞how, when, why, where, however, whenever, wherever 有各自含義 連接從句，并在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ) 如：1)That he didn’t pass the examination disappointed his mother. (主語(yǔ)從句，that沒(méi)有意義，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分) 注：引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的that不能省略，如在上句中，如果省去that，子結(jié)構(gòu)混亂，是典型的“漢語(yǔ)式英語(yǔ)”；有了that，就很容易看出that 是連詞，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句That he didn’t pass the examination，整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)”。 2)The question is who will be elected president of the country. (表語(yǔ)從句， who意為“誰(shuí)”，在從句中作主語(yǔ)) 3)You can give it to whomever you like. (賓語(yǔ)從句， whomever意為“任何人，無(wú)論誰(shuí)”，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)) 4)I can’t remember where I have read this article. (賓語(yǔ)從句， where意為“哪里”，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)) 注：名詞性從句中有一個(gè)問(wèn)題需特別注意：it做形式主語(yǔ)，it做形式主語(yǔ)。 it做形式主語(yǔ)常用的句型：It is + 形容詞 + that… It is + 過(guò)去分詞 + that… It matters/doesn’t matter + that/whether… eg: It(形式主語(yǔ)) is(系動(dòng)詞) necessary(表語(yǔ)) that you inform him of the date for the meeting at once.(真主語(yǔ)) (從句) It(形式主語(yǔ)) was said(謂語(yǔ)) that he used to be manager of a big pany.(真主語(yǔ)) (從句) It(形式主語(yǔ)) matters a lot(謂語(yǔ)) whether you can raise enough money for the project.(真主語(yǔ)) (從句) it做形式賓語(yǔ)的句型： 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it（形式賓語(yǔ)）+形容詞/名詞（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）+從句（真主語(yǔ)）/不定式 eg: We(主語(yǔ)) consider(謂語(yǔ)) it(形式主語(yǔ)) a great honour(賓補(bǔ)) that we can host the xx Olympic Games.(真賓語(yǔ)) They(主語(yǔ)) found(謂語(yǔ)) it(形式主語(yǔ)) difficult(賓補(bǔ))(形容詞) to municate with the local people. (真主語(yǔ)) 名詞性從句練習(xí)： （一） 用that, whether/if, what(ever), who(ever), whom(ever), whose, which(ever), when, why, how, where填空。 Everyone knew 1_______Andy was a famous writer, but no one knew 2_______she came from and 3_______she was born in 1961 was still a mystery. 4_______they did know was 5_______she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6_______was in need of money. Andy was generous and helpful, but some people thought she was chasing fame. Andy said she didn’t understand 7_______they were so narrow-minded, but it didn’t matter 8_______others would thought of her. She just wanted to do 9________she thought was right. I think that is 10_______the meaning of life lies. （二） 將下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)，然后分析每個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。 1. 這就是我們不同意你的方案的原因。 2. 他能考入北在下是我們意料中事。 ______________________________________________________________ 3. 媽媽答應(yīng)我她會(huì)好好照顧自己的。 4. 他們還沒(méi)決定什么時(shí)候出發(fā)。 ______________________________________________________________ 5． 很明顯，他在撒謊。 6．據(jù)報(bào)道，我們隊(duì)奪得了金牌。 ______________________________________________________________ 7．真奇怪，他竟然這么粗魯。 8．我們規(guī)定每天練習(xí)一個(gè)小時(shí)的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。 ______________________________________________________________ 二、定語(yǔ)從句 修飾名詞或代詞、用作定語(yǔ)的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)是：從句前面有個(gè)各詞或代詞（先行詞），從句必須由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, which, that, as, 它們?cè)趶木渲凶鲋髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)：whose在從句中做定語(yǔ)，whose后必須有一個(gè)名詞。如whose parents, whose top等。 關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why，在從名中只能做狀語(yǔ)。 注：運(yùn)用定語(yǔ)從句必須注意兩點(diǎn)：由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞所替代的成分在從句中不能重復(fù)出現(xiàn)：定語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句一樣，也要求句子結(jié)構(gòu)既正確又完整。 如：將下列每組句子連成一個(gè)含定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，并分析定語(yǔ)從句成分。 1. The foreigner is from Canada. He visited our class. The foreigner who(主語(yǔ)) visited(謂語(yǔ)) our class(賓語(yǔ)) yesterday is from Canada. 2. Mrs. Wang is the teacher. Her son was admitted to Beijing University. Miss Wang is the teacher whose(定語(yǔ)) son(主語(yǔ)) was admitted(謂語(yǔ)) (whose后有son, who代her) to Beijing University. 3．Our teacher told us such a story. It moved us all to tears. Our teacher told us such a story as(主語(yǔ)) moved(謂語(yǔ)) us all(賓語(yǔ))(as代it做主語(yǔ), it不重復(fù)出現(xiàn)) to tears. 4．I will never forget the days. We worked in that small town in those days. I will never forget the days when we(主語(yǔ)) worked(謂語(yǔ)) in that small town. 定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)： （一） 將下列每組句子連成一個(gè)含定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，并分析定語(yǔ)從句的成分。 1. The noodles were delicious. I cooked the noodles. ______________________________________________________________ 2. The factory is in the west of the city. His father works in that factory. ______________________________________________________________ 3. They planted the trees. The trees didn’t need much water. ______________________________________________________________ 4. I have a friend. Her father is an engineer. ______________________________________________________________ （二）把下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)。 1．他去年寫(xiě)的那本書(shū)深受讀者歡迎。 2．我媽媽教書(shū)的那所學(xué)校建于1930年。 ______________________________________________________________ 3．那個(gè)在會(huì)上做報(bào)告的人是我們的校長(zhǎng)。 4．她就是那個(gè)語(yǔ)音很好的女孩。 ______________________________________________________________ 三、狀語(yǔ)從句 狀語(yǔ)從句修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞，由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，可位于句首，也可位于主句后。狀語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)，往往有逗號(hào)使從句與主句隔開(kāi)。 引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞分類： 狀語(yǔ)從句 連詞 時(shí)間 when, whenever, as, while, before, after, till, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, scarcely…when, each time, every time, the first time, the minute, the second, the day, immediately 地點(diǎn) where, wherever, everywhere 條件 if, unless, providing/provided that, supposing/suppose that, as long as, so long as, on condition that, in case, only if, if only 原因 Because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that, in fact, in view of the fact(鑒于) 讓步 though, although, even if, even though, as, while, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter wh-, for all that, granted, whether…or…, in spite of the fact that 比較 as, than, the same as, not so…as, as…as 方式 as if, as though 目的 that, in order that, so that, in case, for fear that, lest 結(jié)果 so that, so…that, such…that, but that… 在寫(xiě)好簡(jiǎn)單句的基礎(chǔ)上，要寫(xiě)好含狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，掌握引導(dǎo)每種狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞是關(guān)鍵，因?yàn)闋钫Z(yǔ)從句內(nèi)的結(jié)構(gòu)與簡(jiǎn)單句相同，我們需要什么狀語(yǔ)從句，只需在句前加上相應(yīng)的連詞既可。當(dāng)然我們還需要分清復(fù)合句中哪是主句，哪是從句。 如：（1）當(dāng)你再讀這首詩(shī)后（從句），你將更明白它的含義（主句）。 When you read the poem a second time, you will understand it better. 從句中，除了多了連詞When外，you read the poem a second time與簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)相同。 （2）客人每到一處，都受到熱鬧歡迎。 Whenever they went, the guests were warmly weled. The guests were warmly weled whenever they went. 狀語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)：把下列每?jī)蓚€(gè)句子連接成含狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。 1. You will be late. You leave immediately. ______________________________________________________________ 2. I was walking in the street. I saw an old friend of mine. ______________________________________________________________ 3. I may fail a thousand times. I won’t give up. ______________________________________________________________ 4. He is considered to be a good writer. His works are not widely read. ______________________________________________________________ 5. We study very hard. We can work well in the future. ______________________________________________________________ 6. You can go to work in the place. Your father worked there when he was young.________________________________________________________ 要寫(xiě)好復(fù)合句最后需要注意的問(wèn)題：千萬(wàn)不要交漢語(yǔ)一一對(duì)譯成英語(yǔ)，一定要注意所寫(xiě)復(fù)合句符合英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)及復(fù)合句中句子成分的完整。如“到車站時(shí)，他發(fā)一火車已經(jīng)走了”，如果一一對(duì)譯，則容易誤譯為：When arrived at the station, he found the train had already left. 其實(shí)前面已經(jīng)講過(guò)，從句與簡(jiǎn)單句一樣，需講究句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性，只不過(guò)從句前有很明顯，缺少主語(yǔ)，需在when后加上he。 綜合練習(xí)： （一） 請(qǐng)補(bǔ)全下列復(fù)合句被遺漏的成分。 1. He said at the meeting astonished us all. 2. Tom won the first prize made his parents very happy. 3. It was in Beijing I met him for the first time. 4. Go and get your coat. It’s where you left. 5. Anyone is late for class should say sorry to the teacher. 6. You can have no idea he said. 7. Please tell me when discuss the important problem. 8. Keep it in mind you have to be home by ten o’clock. 9. I’ll never forget the time we worked on the farm. 10. After the war, a new school was put up where had been a temple. （二） 將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。 1．她在丟失計(jì)算器的地方打到了它。 2．無(wú)論你說(shuō)什么，我都不會(huì)改變主意。 ______________________________________________________________ 3．我是昨天下午才知道這個(gè)消息的。 4．李兵贏了比賽讓我們大吃一驚。 ______________________________________________________________ 5．聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息的時(shí)候，他們禁不住大聲歡呼起來(lái)。 ______________________________________________________________ 復(fù)合句練習(xí)答案 名詞性從句練習(xí): (一) 1.that 2.where 3.whether 4.What 5.that 6.whoever 7.why 8.how 9.whatever 10.where （二）1．This is why we don’t agree to your plan. 2. That he could be admitted to Beijing University was what we had expected. 3. Mother promised me that she would take good care of herself. 4. They haven’t decided when they will set off. 5. It was clear that he was lying to us. 6. It was reported that she our team had won the gold medal. 7. It was strange that she should have been so rude. 8. We made it a rule that we should practice oral English for an hour every day. 定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)答案： (一) 1. The noodles which I cooked were delicious. 2. The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. 3. They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. 4. I have a friend whose father is an engineer. (二) 1. The book which/that he wrote last year is popular with the readers. 2. The school where my mother works was built in 1930. 3. The person who is speaking at the meeting is our headmaster. 4. She is the girl whose pronunciation is very good. 狀語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)答案： 1. You will be late unless you leave immediately. 2. I was walking in the street when I saw an old friend of mine. 3. Even if I may fail a thousand times, I won’t give up. 4. Although he is considered to be a good writer, his works are not widely read. 5. We study hard so that/in order that we can work well in the future. 6. You can go to work where your father worked when he was young. 綜合練習(xí)： (一)1. he前加what, what做said的賓語(yǔ), what he said at the meeting是主要眾句. 2. Tom前加That, That Tom won the first prize是主語(yǔ)從句, that不能省略. 3. Beijing后加that，這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句。 4. left后加it, It’s where you left it, it在從句中做賓語(yǔ)。 5. Anyone后加who, who is late for class是定語(yǔ)從句。 6. idea后加what. what做said的賓語(yǔ)。 7. when后加we shall, when we shall discuss the important problem是賓語(yǔ)從句。 8. mind后加that, that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。 9. time后加when, when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 10. where后加there, where had been a temple是狀語(yǔ)從句。 (二)1. She found her calculator where she lost it. 2. They couldn’t help cheering up when they heard the news. 3. It was not until yesterday afternoon that I knew the news. 4. That Li Bing won the match surprised us all. 5. whatever/No matter what you may say, I won’t change my mind.