外文翻譯--固定卷揚式啟閉機的模糊優(yōu)化【中英文文獻譯文】,中英文文獻譯文,外文,翻譯,固定,卷揚,啟閉,模糊,隱約,依稀,模胡,優(yōu)化,中英文,文獻,譯文 外文資料翻譯 Preface Long-term since, hydropower engineering fixed roll Yang type hoist (hereinafter referred to hoist) design have been used for experience, not only logic.analog design method for the design cycle longer, and only a few scheme comparison and analysis, no exact evaluation standard to measure have options, there is get judged almost optimal design. With the development and application of the electronic computer, it can establish a design process automatically choose the most effective method of optimal scheme, namely optimization design. This design method is mathematical programming and computer technology, the combination of the solution of complicated design problem can become a tool. However, due to design some factors such as loading properties, material quality is difficult to use mathematical quantity said, leading to the design ambiguity. Ordinary optimization method has not considered these fuzzy factors, lack of treating fuzzy concept means and methods, many factors of artificial as determined to undertake handling, or randomness often missed the real optimization scheme and even contradictory results. This is hoist ordinary optimization design difficult to really be engineering and technical personnel to accept the root causes of the place. Hoist the fuzzy optimization can overcome the shortcomings, it common optimization study of hoist optimization process prevalent ambiguity, using the theory of fuzzy mathematics and systematically analyzing the machine and pulley institutions, hoisting, a transmission mechanism and frame structure, electrical systems and so on various agencies internal and external links, reasonably determine the parameters, calculation and in order to achieve optimization purposes. Using fuzzy optimization design not only can break through the traditional design pattern, overcome experience, is used by many analogy or assumptions and simplify the calculation formula is derived for design, checking, calculation, and many limitations when can overcome ordinary fuzzy optimization design problem, a rigid ignore the constraint conditions of faults, make complex problems, blur variable accurate constraint conditions for fuzzy constraint conditions, make a design more quickly and more accurate, more reliable and more convenient. This method can greatly shorten the design cycle, reduce product material consumption, improve product precision and performance, and access to the huge economic benefits. Therefore, hoist the fuzzy optimization will become the industry many researchers pursuit of the goal. 1 fuzzy optimization research reviewed 1.1 fuzzy technology In 1965, the United States California university professor l. a. zadeh Fuzzy (firstly put forward the concept of Fuzzy) set theory, via M. Sugeno, based on the efforts, many scholars in the 1970s established a better fuzzy mathematics theory system. In fuzzy mathematics theory developed on the basis of high-tech -- fuzzy technology is only 20 years history, but it in mechanical, electrical, chemical industry, light industry, aviation, civil, geology, water conservancy, meteorology, enterprise management and social economic and other fields, the booming its application has created huge economic benefits and social benefits. Japan in order to ensure that the competitiveness of the 21st century, establishing fuzzy basic research, fuzzy computer, machine intelligence, man-machine system, people and social system and natural systems and so on six fuzzy technology key areas for development. The United States unwilling fall behind, mainly discussed the neural network and fuzzy logic, and held the combination of once international fuzzy technology seminar. France to tide neuro-fuzzy institute was established to comprehensive plan to develop fuzzy technology. Germany's electronic and information department has made fuzzy technology, as one of the important research topic. The American market information research company (MIBC) latest survey results show that by the end of this century, fuzzy technology world markets will be 30 times greater than it is now. Fuzzy technology research in Japan, the United States, Germany, France, South Korea and other countries is already achievement. Our country in fuzzy technology research has their own characteristics, main performance in fuzzy mathematics theory research is very strong, but the lack of discipline, the crossover between application background is not obvious, the driving force is not strong, the actual application research is weak links. 1.2 fuzzy medicine In the past 10 years, the domestic and foreign some mechanical science worker is continuous efforts, the fuzzy method used in the machinery science with classic set describing all concept, principle and method, the fuzzy mathematics extended to skinned people to the theory of complex and dynamic mechanical system fuzziness of understanding, gradually formed and improved fuzzy mechanical science and technology theory system, the fuzzy medicine has research or are subjects of study are: (1) artificial intelligence and fuzzy expert system; (2) fuzzy robot technology; (3) fuzzy neural network; (4) the fuzzy control theory and applications. (5) fuzzy identification and fault diagnosis (6) the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; (7) fuzzy clustering; (8) the fuzzy optimization; (9) fuzzy reliability. All of these research subject all achieved research results and are made important progress. 1.3 mechanical fuzzy optimization In mechanical parts and mechanical system design, design quality standard, material strength and applicable scope, certain load distribution and properties, especially focusing on the economy and efficiency of optimization, all the indicators are fuzzy, the application of the fuzzy optimization theory can will In the design of the fuzzy factors and fuzzy information given by reasonable quantitative restraint function, the objective function of the allowable value, expectations and fuzzy distribution function to reflect the experience, views and expert the design criterion of some recognized. Southwest jiaotong university professor HuangHongZhong studied the basic idea of fuzzy optimal machine the fuzzy optimization problem, research into the method of fuzzy optimization problem. Shandong university of technology was studied ChenJu hua's fuzzy multi-objective optimization method, the optimum similarity scale, mathematical, the weighting factor and sexual modal analysis, etc. All these studies have made great progress. At present, the mechanical structure of fuzzy optimization has made great achievements, institutions and overall fuzzy optimization still needs further research. 1.4 domestic hoist optimization research Hoist the traditional design method to classical mechanics and mathematical basis, using half theory, half the design method and experience of analogy Method, design process, cycle is long, repeatedly design accuracy is poor. In recent years, with the rapid development of the computer technology, and many cross Disciplines of modem design methods get applications such as limit state design and optimization design, reliable design, CAD, finite element method, the dynamic simulation design, modular design, three design, universal design. These modern design method makes hoister design into the innovation, high quality, and high efficiency of the new stage. Among them, the optimization design research the most widely used. Wuhan university of hydraulic and electric engineering professor LiChun studied the hoister for scheme optimization modeling, optimization methods, hoist CAD; The original electric XueRuiBao professorial senior indo-china survey and design institute studied hoist expert system; China mining university professor SunYouLan studied the structural optimization hoister, all these studies have yielded fruitful results. Unfortunately, so far, these results haven't all the practical application engineering design and manufacturing. With fuzzy mechanical science and technology development, hoist the fuzzy optimization research will become the important industry development direction. Because fuzzy optimization reflects intermediary transition widespread fuzziness, reflect the quantitative study from physical fields into one of field must meet fuzzy concepts, reflect the hoist system must involve various fuzzy factors, reflect the quantitative value of fuzzy attribute, which will push the optimization of hoister enter a new climax, thus developed can be engineering of generally accepted new achievements in scientific research. 2 hoist fuzzy optimization practical significance Hydropower resources in our country have 37853 million kilowatts, including 90 % for development, hydropower development static 35582 billion yuan, invest about total investment accounts for hoister of 3 %, expected by fuzzy optimization, can save cost 20 %, therefore, can save investment 214 billion yuan. 3 hoiste is the development direction of fuzzy optimization Water conservancy and hydropower engineering system from the current the actual situation, the hoist fuzzy optimization should focus on systematically studied and discussed hoister key technology of fuzzy optimization to obtain system and its institutions of universal model of fuzzy optimization and use these theory and method guiding hoister fuzzy optimization software design, so as to get strong function, moderate scale, and can be effectively applied in engineering practical computer aided analysis tool. These key technology concrete main-showing in: (1) research hoister are fuzzy design, organization of the fuzzy optimization general organization pattern. (2) analysis and realize the computer aided design, process, the prototype system for practical engineering to provide a cheap effective analysis tools, at the same time for further system extension lay a good foundation. Hoist fuzzy optimization development: (1) the hoister, fuzzy design including the design parameters of fuzzy description, design constraints transition improvement. (2) the whole hoister fuzzy optimization strategy, research institutions and son agencies role, fuzzy leading parameters and fuzzy function parameters and fuzzy internal parameter descriptions. (3) to discuss the fuzzy optimization scheme based on hoister of fuzzy decision. (4) research hoister of multi-objective fuzzy optimization model, discusses the solution. (5) research frame structure and hoisting and other important son institutions the fuzzy optimization. (6) research rope drum production process of fuzzy optimization of process parameters. 固定卷揚式啟閉機的模糊優(yōu)化 前言 長期以來,水利水電工程固定卷揚式啟閉機(簡稱啟閉機) 的設(shè)計一直沿用經(jīng)驗的類比設(shè)計方法,不僅所需的設(shè)計周期較長,而且只在少數(shù)幾個方案中進行比較分析,沒有精確的評價標準來衡量所選擇方案的優(yōu)劣,一般很難得到近乎最優(yōu)的設(shè)計方案。隨著電子計算機的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用,可以建立一種設(shè)計過程自動選取最優(yōu)方案的有效方法,即優(yōu)化設(shè)計。這種設(shè)計方法是數(shù)學規(guī)劃與計算機技術(shù)相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物,能夠成為解決復(fù)雜設(shè)計問題的一種工具。然而,由于設(shè)計中某些因素如載荷性質(zhì)、材質(zhì)優(yōu)劣很難用確定的數(shù)學量表示,導(dǎo)致了設(shè)計的模糊性。普通優(yōu)化方法沒有考慮這些模糊因素的影響,缺乏處理模糊概念的手段和方法,把許多因素人為地當成確定的或隨機性地進行處理,往往漏掉了真正的優(yōu)化方案,甚至帶來矛盾的結(jié)果。這就是啟閉機普通優(yōu)化設(shè)計難以真正被工程技術(shù)人員接受的根本原因所在。啟閉機的模糊優(yōu)化能夠克服普通優(yōu)化的缺點,它研究啟閉機優(yōu)化過程中普遍存在的模糊性,運用模糊數(shù)學的原理,系統(tǒng)地分析整機及其滑輪機構(gòu)、卷揚機構(gòu)、傳動機構(gòu)、機架結(jié)構(gòu)、電氣系統(tǒng)等各機構(gòu)的內(nèi)在和外在聯(lián)系,合理地確定和計算各項參數(shù),以期達到最優(yōu)化的目的。采用模糊優(yōu)化設(shè)計不僅可以突破傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計格局,克服經(jīng)驗的、類比的或采用由許多假設(shè)和簡化導(dǎo)出的計算公式進行設(shè)計、校核、計算時的諸多局限,而且可以克服普通優(yōu)化設(shè)計無視模糊問題,采用剛性的約束條件的缺點,使復(fù)雜問題模糊化,變精確的約束條件為模糊約束條件,使設(shè)計更快速、更精確、更可靠、更方便。這一方法可以大大縮短設(shè)計周期,降低產(chǎn)品材料消耗,提高產(chǎn)品精度和性能,并獲得巨大的經(jīng)濟效益。因此,啟閉機的模糊優(yōu)化將成為本行業(yè)眾多研究人員追求的目標。 1 　模糊優(yōu)化研究綜述 1.1 　模糊技術(shù) 1965年, 美國California 大學L. A. zadeh教授首次提出了Fuzzy (模糊) 集論的概念,經(jīng) M. Sugeno 、汪培莊等眾多學者的努力,于70 年代末建立了比較完善的模糊數(shù)學理論體系。在模糊數(shù)學理論基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的高新技術(shù)———模糊技術(shù)雖只有20 余年的歷史,但它在機械、電氣、化工、輕工、航空航天、土木、地質(zhì)、水利、氣象、企業(yè)管理和社會經(jīng)濟等領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展勢頭迅猛,其應(yīng)用已創(chuàng)造了巨大的經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益。日本為了確保21 世紀的競爭力,確定了模糊基礎(chǔ)研究、模糊計算機、機器智能、人機系統(tǒng)、人與社會系統(tǒng)、自然系統(tǒng)等六個模糊技術(shù)的重點發(fā)展領(lǐng)域。美國不甘落后,重點討論模糊邏輯與神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的結(jié)合問題,并舉辦過一次國際性的模糊技術(shù)研討會。法國順應(yīng)潮流地成立了神經(jīng)模糊研究所,用以全面地計劃開發(fā)模糊技術(shù)。德國的電子和信息部門也把模糊技術(shù)作為重要的研究課題之一。美國市場信息研究公司(MIBC) 最新調(diào)查結(jié)果表明,到本世紀末,模糊技術(shù)的世界市場將比現(xiàn)在大30 倍。模糊技術(shù)的研究在日、美、德、法、韓等國已成果累累。我國在模糊技術(shù)的研究方面具有自己的特色,主要表現(xiàn)在模糊數(shù)學理論研究實力較強,但缺乏學科間的交叉,應(yīng)用背景不明顯,研究的驅(qū)動力不強,實際應(yīng)用研究更是薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。 1.2 　模糊機械學 近10 年來,國內(nèi)外一些機械科學工作者正在不斷努力,使用模糊方法將機械科學中一切能用經(jīng)典集合描述的概念、原理和方法加以推廣,采用模糊數(shù)學理論來刻劃人們對復(fù)雜的、動態(tài)的機械系統(tǒng)的模糊性的認識,逐步形成和完善了模糊機械科學與技術(shù)的理論體系,模糊機械學已經(jīng)研究或正在研究的課題有: (1) 人工智能與模糊專家系統(tǒng); (2) 模糊機器人技術(shù); (3) 模糊神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò); (4) 模糊控制理論及應(yīng)用; (5) 模糊識別與故障診斷 (6) 模糊綜合評判; (7) 模糊聚類; (8) 模糊優(yōu)化; (9) 模糊可靠性。 所有這些研究課題都取得了研究成果并正在取得重要進展。 1.3 　機械模糊優(yōu)化 在機械零部件和機械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計中,設(shè)計的優(yōu)劣標準、材料強度及適用范圍、某些載荷的分布和性質(zhì)等,尤其是著眼于經(jīng)濟和效益的優(yōu)化指標,都具有模糊性,應(yīng)用模糊優(yōu)化理論能夠?qū)? 設(shè)計中的模糊因素和模糊信息定量化,通過合理給定約束函數(shù)、目標函數(shù)的容許值、期望值及其模糊分布函數(shù)來體現(xiàn)專家的經(jīng)驗、觀點和某些公認的設(shè)計準則。西南交通大學黃洪鐘教授研究了模糊機械優(yōu)化的基本思想,研究把模糊優(yōu)化問題轉(zhuǎn)化為非模糊優(yōu)化問題的方法。山東工業(yè)大學陳舉華博士研究了模糊多目標優(yōu)化的方法,研究貼近度的尋優(yōu)、算式、加權(quán)因子及性態(tài)分析等。所有這些研究都取得了重大進展。目前,機械結(jié)構(gòu)的模糊優(yōu)化已取得了較大成果,機構(gòu)及整體模糊優(yōu)化還有待進一步研究。 1.4 　國內(nèi)啟閉機的優(yōu)化研究 啟閉機傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方法以經(jīng)典力學和數(shù)學為基礎(chǔ),采用半理論、半經(jīng)驗的設(shè)計法和類比法,設(shè)計過程反復(fù)多,周期長,設(shè)計精度差。近年來,隨著電子計算機技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,許多跨學科的現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法得到應(yīng)用,如極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計、優(yōu)化設(shè)計、可靠設(shè)計、CAD、有限元法、動態(tài)仿真設(shè)計、模塊化設(shè)計、三次設(shè)計、通用化設(shè)計。這些現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法使啟閉機的設(shè)計進入了創(chuàng)新、高質(zhì)量、高效率的新階段。其中,優(yōu)化設(shè)計研究最為廣泛。武漢水利電力大學李純教授研究了面向方案的啟閉機優(yōu)化建模、優(yōu)化方法、啟閉機CAD ;原電力部中南勘測設(shè)計院薛瑞葆教授級高工研究了啟閉機專家系統(tǒng);中國礦業(yè)大學孫幼蘭教授研究了啟閉機的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計,所有這些研究都取得了豐碩成果。然而遺憾的是,到目前為止,這些成果還沒有全部應(yīng)用到實際工程的設(shè)計與制造中去。隨著模糊機械科學技術(shù)的發(fā)展,啟閉機的模糊優(yōu)化研究將成為本行業(yè)的重要發(fā)展方向。由于模糊優(yōu)化反映了中介過渡普遍存在的模糊性,反映了定量研究從物理領(lǐng)域進入到事理領(lǐng)域必然遇到的大量的模糊概念,反映了啟閉機系統(tǒng)必然要涉及的種種模糊因素,反映了定量值的模糊屬性,必將推動啟閉機的優(yōu)化進入一個新高潮,從而研究出能被工程界普遍接受的新成果。 2 　啟閉機模糊優(yōu)化的現(xiàn)實意義 我國水能資源有37853 萬千瓦, 其中的90 %待開發(fā),水電開發(fā)靜態(tài)投資約35582 億元,啟閉機約占總投資的3 % ,預(yù)計,采用模糊優(yōu)化可節(jié)約成本20 % ,因此,可節(jié)約投資214 億元。 3 　啟閉機模糊優(yōu)化的發(fā)展方向 從目前水利水電工程系統(tǒng)的實際情況來看,啟閉機模糊優(yōu)化應(yīng)著眼于系統(tǒng)地研究和探討啟閉機模糊優(yōu)化的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),以便獲得系統(tǒng)及其機構(gòu)模糊優(yōu)化的通用模型,并利用這些理論和方法指導(dǎo)啟閉機模糊優(yōu)化軟件設(shè)計,以期獲得功能強、規(guī)模適中、能有效地應(yīng)用于工程實際的計算機輔助分析工具。這些關(guān)鍵技術(shù)具體表現(xiàn)在: (1) 研究啟閉機機構(gòu)的模糊設(shè)計,導(dǎo)出機構(gòu)的模糊優(yōu)化的一般模式。 (2) 分析并實現(xiàn)計算機輔助設(shè)計、工藝的原型系統(tǒng),為實際工程提供一種廉價有效的分析工具,同時為進一步的系統(tǒng)擴展打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 啟閉機模糊優(yōu)化的發(fā)展方向: (1) 啟閉機的模糊設(shè)計包括設(shè)計參數(shù)的模糊描述、設(shè)計約束的過渡改良。 (2) 啟閉機的整體模糊優(yōu)化策略,研究機構(gòu)與子機構(gòu)的作用,模糊主導(dǎo)參數(shù)與模糊作用參數(shù)及模糊內(nèi)部參數(shù)的描述。 (3) 討論基于啟閉機模糊優(yōu)化方案的模糊判決。 (4) 研究啟閉機的多目標模糊優(yōu)化模型,探討其求解方法。 (5) 研究機架結(jié)構(gòu)及卷揚機構(gòu)等重要子機構(gòu)的模糊優(yōu)化。 (6) 研究繩鼓制造過程中的工藝參數(shù)的模糊優(yōu)化。 8頁