外文翻譯--述評創(chuàng)新鋼絲調(diào)直切斷機(jī)【中英文文獻(xiàn)譯文】
外文翻譯--述評創(chuàng)新鋼絲調(diào)直切斷機(jī)【中英文文獻(xiàn)譯文】,中英文文獻(xiàn)譯文,外文,翻譯,述評,創(chuàng)新,立異,鋼絲,切斷,割斷,中英文,文獻(xiàn),譯文
MACHINE
【中文3290字】
創(chuàng)新研究述評研究述評WIRE STRAIGHTENING CUTTING鋼絲矯直切割MACHINE機(jī)
ASHVIN S. PATEL and DR. J. M. PRAJAPATI
摘要
如今，有各種金屬制品如焊條、焊網(wǎng)、熱處理廚房用筐、汽車火花塞和排氣閥等，制造上述產(chǎn)品，鋼絲作為主要元素，是從線圈的形式理順，然后直絲按規(guī)定的長度被切成絲桿。對于這些順序操作，使用鋼絲矯直切割機(jī)。現(xiàn)在，常規(guī)型線切割機(jī)正在被用在切斷鋼絲的刀頭，其長度和進(jìn)給速度是有限的。本文調(diào)查了這種機(jī)器的矯直和切割過程。盡管這篇評論不能說詳盡無遺，但它可以被認(rèn)為是對有興趣開發(fā)下一代鋼筋切割機(jī)的研究人員一個(gè)有價(jià)值的指導(dǎo)。
關(guān)鍵詞：鋼絲矯直切斷機(jī)（WSCM）、矯直、切斷
1.引言
Wire Straightening and Cutting Machines (WSCM) are widely used to extend wires from a roll or coil in
鋼絲調(diào)直切斷機(jī)（WSCM）廣泛用于矯直和切斷盤卷鋼筋。這些機(jī)器在不同的應(yīng)用需求中具有廣泛的功能。一些機(jī)器配置為矯直和切斷各種冷拉拔絲絲and other nonferrous metal wires. They may cut the wire as per requirements in the required dimension and和其他有色金屬線。它們可以按規(guī)定的尺寸和要求切斷電線且可以連續(xù)工作。作。These machines are complied with three different processes such as feeding, straightening and cutting這臺機(jī)器有三種不同的工藝，如進(jìn)料、矯直、切斷。這些機(jī)器有各種不同的功能，如不同矯直直徑，不同切斷長度，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)多功率電機(jī)矯直和切斷鋼絲。圖1和圖2顯示了WSCM可切斷直徑4毫米以下的鋼絲，和其工作layout respectively [1].布局[ 1 ]。
圖1 鋼絲矯直機(jī) 圖2 鋼絲矯直切割機(jī)的布局
2.WSCM的單元
如WSCM布局顯示，它有基本部分（1）放線裝置，（2）進(jìn)料裝置、（3）矯直裝置和（4）切斷裝置。
在放線裝置中，鋼絲可以從一個(gè)滑塊中通過，或更通常method employing a reel. Reel may be vertical or horizontal spindle. The vertical spindle should be used采用卷線法。卷筒可為立式或臥式主軸。立式主軸應(yīng)該用于for wires up to approximately 2 mm to 4 mm in round.約為2毫米至4毫米的圓形鋼絲。
線。In feeding unit, feeding of the wire is usually done by grooved feeding rolls or “pinch rolls”. This在進(jìn)料裝置中，通常用送料輥或“夾輥”進(jìn)行送絲。這mechanism is power driven and pinches or squeezes the material so that the wire is either pulled and/or機(jī)制是電力驅(qū)動(dòng)或者擠壓材料，電線是被拉或pushed through the machine. The feeding pressure to the rolls can be applied by hand through cams or推通過機(jī)器。給送料輥的進(jìn)料壓力可以通過手動(dòng)凸輪或spring. Figure 3 shows feed roller and its arrangement in the machine.彈簧。 圖3顯示了在機(jī)器中的進(jìn)給輥和它的排列方式。
圖3 輥式矯直 圖4 旋轉(zhuǎn)軸矯直
矯直是對材料在制造過程中由于受力和扭矩的影響而引起的表觀瑕疵和應(yīng)力進(jìn)行消除straightened during its manufacture due to force and torque related influences. This applies to wire。它適用于鋼絲straightening, tube straightening, cable straightening, strip and profile shape straightening. Figure 3 and 4矯直，管矯直，電纜矯直，帶材和型材矯直。圖3和4顯示了輥式矯直機(jī)和圓桿矯直機(jī)的工作原理。show principle of roller straightening and rotary arbor straightening of wire.The roll straightened, consists of a series of rolls that are offset and which bend the wire beyond the
輥矯直， elastic limit a number of time in two or more planes as the wire runs through. The rolls are adjustable and當(dāng)鋼絲穿過2個(gè)或多個(gè)平面時(shí)，由一系列的輥，抵消彎曲鋼絲中所超越彈性限位。輥可調(diào)整，the straightness obtained depends upon the skill of the operator making the adjustment. This method is獲得的鋼絲直線度取決于操作者做出調(diào)整的技能。這種方法是generally restricted to shaped wires such as hexagons, squares and flats except for minor straightening of一般限于成型線材如六角形、正方形和平板形外輕微的矯直round wire for removing coil bow before further forming.在進(jìn)一步成形前去除線圈弓的圓形鋼絲。
The rotary straightened arbor rotates around the sock and imparts bending stresses in an overlapping
旋轉(zhuǎn)矯直心軸回繞使重疊的彎曲應(yīng)力消失，獲得helical pattern that achieves a high degree of straightness inbound stock. The principle is that of a beam高程度的直線入站。原理是一束affect the moves around and along the wire at the same time producing a helix or wave disappears when the當(dāng)在同一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生螺旋線或波消失時(shí)，影響周圍的移動(dòng)和沿導(dǎo)線的部分重疊的直絲生產(chǎn)。直線度受各種因素控制，但mainly feeds, speeds and the condition of the straightening dies.主要是進(jìn)料，速度和矯直模具的條件。
The straightness and surface condition of the wire is depended on the straightened dies because the
鋼絲的平直度和表面狀況取決于其矯直模具，因?yàn)槠鋜otary arbor is friction device with the die material is compatible with the wire and the contour presents旋轉(zhuǎn)桿是與模具材料的摩擦裝置與導(dǎo)線和輪廓線兼容enough area to support the load of bending. The center distance between the straightened dies must be有足夠的面積來支撐彎曲載荷。矯直模具之間的中心距必須是within specific limits for a particular wire diameter to give the correct beam effect and bending stress to在特定的鋼絲直徑范圍內(nèi)給予正確的光束效應(yīng)和彎曲應(yīng)力produce a straight product.生產(chǎn)一條直的產(chǎn)品。
“切斷”或剪切過程是在矯直過程之后。一般有2個(gè)classifications of cut off mechanisms; one being the stationary shear where in the wire is actually stopped切斷機(jī)構(gòu)的分類；一類是固定的剪切，在切割周期中鋼絲實(shí)際上是停止的止during the cutting cycle, and the other the “travel-cut” or flying shear in which the shearing mechanism，另一類是 “行程剪切”或飛剪，剪moves along with the wire during the cutting cycle. The flying shear cut off is superior to the stationary在切割周期中隨金屬絲一起移動(dòng)。對于許多應(yīng)用軟絲或小直徑鋼絲，飛剪剪斷優(yōu)越于固定shear type; for many applications using soft wire or small diameters. However, the stationary shear will剪切型。然而，固定剪切也會(huì)give satisfactory results. When running hard wire or alloy through a high speed rotary arbor, flying shear is給出一個(gè)令人滿意的剪切結(jié)果。在高速旋轉(zhuǎn)桿上運(yùn)行時(shí)，通過高速旋轉(zhuǎn)軸或合金，飛剪necessary, since if the wire were stopped for cutoff in the arbor, it may become overworked and overheated必要的，因?yàn)槿绻摻z在軸上靜止切斷，它可能會(huì)過熱而導(dǎo)致破壞心軸。致 。
In such type of machine, the energy of cutting is usually supplied by a flywheel and is transmitted either
對于這種類型的機(jī)器，切割的能量通常由一個(gè)飛輪提供，并directly or through clutch or brakes. Here in projected machine, power of motor is transmitted to flywheel直接發(fā)送或通過離合器或制動(dòng)器傳遞。在設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)器中，電機(jī)的功率by belt and pulley. Figure 5 and figure 6 shows flying shear in WSCM. Major parts of cutting unit in the由飛輪傳遞給皮帶和皮帶輪。圖5和圖6顯示了WSCM中的飛剪機(jī)構(gòu)。切割裝置的主要部件machine are fly wheel, guide bar/scaling unit, stands, cutting block and cam mechanism.有飛輪，導(dǎo)向桿/定標(biāo)單元，底座，切割塊和凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)。
圖5 飛輪切割機(jī)構(gòu) 圖6 導(dǎo)向桿/定標(biāo)單元
3.WSCM的工作過程Wire coil is mounted on the paying off unit. At time of start, wire is fed between the spring operated rollers
鋼絲盤被安裝在放線單元。開始時(shí)，在彈簧操作輥之間送線到of feeding unit, they pull the wire from paying off unit and push in to rotating spinner. The rotating spinner進(jìn)給單元，它們把鋼絲從放線單元推到旋轉(zhuǎn)器。旋轉(zhuǎn)器矯直鋼絲后由送料滾筒裝置straightens the wire and again the roller of feeding unit pull the wire from spinner and push it in to cutter矯直鋼絲后由由 把鋼絲從旋轉(zhuǎn)輥推到切割機(jī)，nozzle and then Guide bar where an adjustable spring loaded stopper which can be adjusted -depending on然后通過導(dǎo)向桿，一種可根據(jù)the rod length required, blocks movement of wire. The blocking of movement of wire results in an increase所需鋼絲的桿長而調(diào)整彈簧負(fù)載的止動(dòng)器。增加彈簧壓力從而增加鋼絲運(yùn)動(dòng)的阻塞，和由此產(chǎn)生的壓力驅(qū)動(dòng)切割機(jī)刀頭往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)形成一個(gè)完整的切割行程。一種錐形支撐裝置，在切割端輔助對準(zhǔn)the scaling unit incorporating the stopper mechanism in line with machine axis[1].縮放單元軸線的止動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)[ 1 ]。
1 。
4. Objective of Review
4.審查目的
By referring various resources, wire is used as a raw material for various products like welding rod, weld通過各種資源的使用，鋼絲被用作各種產(chǎn)品的原料，如焊條，焊接網(wǎng)，散熱架等。在大多數(shù)鋼絲行業(yè)，WSCM用于矯直和切割線預(yù)定length. In conventional type WSCM below 3.15mm wire diameter, as wire diameter decrease, the length of長度的鋼絲。常規(guī)型WSCM 中，直徑低于3.15mm的鋼絲，隨著鋼絲直徑的減小，鋼絲的長度 wire rod reduces. To remove limitations and improve the productivity of the machine, WSCM is to be鋼絲的長度減少。要去除限制并提高機(jī)器的生產(chǎn)率，WSCM的創(chuàng)新需回顧它的過去。
4.1.鋼絲矯直法Mr. Marcus Paech in 2008 describes the power requirements for the process material deformation process is
Marcus Paech先生 2008年描述工藝材料變形過程的功率要求是根據(jù)矯直工藝的工作原理和主要特點(diǎn)所確定的。一個(gè)模擬program is available to support the assessment of the power requirements. Simulation in turn is based on a程序?qū)υu估功率要求可提供支持。仿真是基于一個(gè)theoretical model of alternate elastic/plastic deformation and the relationship between bending moment and彈性/塑性變形的理論模型及彎矩與轉(zhuǎn)矩的關(guān)系和在curvature during bending operations. This article describes advanced semi-automatic straightening彎曲作業(yè)時(shí)的曲率。本文介紹了先進(jìn)的半自動(dòng)矯直technology. Advanced straightening technology uses process simulation (Figure 7) to determine optimal技術(shù)。先進(jìn)矯直技術(shù)采用流程模擬（圖7）確定最佳spacing and maximum straightening range. Figure 8 shows the geometric factor like roll diameter, wire間距和最大矯直范圍。圖8顯示了幾何因素，如軋輥直徑，鋼絲直徑、輥間距等對矯直輥位置的影響。間距優(yōu)化is based on the level of finished product quality that the customer wants as well as the material是根據(jù)客戶所需要的成品質(zhì)量和材料的水平characteristics. Advanced straightening technology features a modular design, minimal component count, a特性設(shè)計(jì)。先進(jìn)的矯直技術(shù)采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，使用最小的元件數(shù)量，user-friendly Human Machine Interface and the availability of process and setup data prior to the start of用戶友好的人機(jī)界面和可用性的過程和啟動(dòng)前設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)過程。設(shè)計(jì)的靈活性和可操作性和輥間距，which are the main variables, produce a system which can be used to make customer-specific products in是主要的變量，它是可生產(chǎn)一種小批量且滿足客戶特定要求產(chǎn)品的系統(tǒng)[ 2 ]。
He in 2001, alsodescribes identification methods and procedures for applying the straightening process他在2001年提出，主要的識別方法和程序，應(yīng)用矯直工藝to receive a specified wire quality. The optimal design and integration of a straightening process requires in接收指定的鋼絲質(zhì)量。矯直工藝的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)與集成advance identification of the straightened material and its production. Objective and established矯直材料及其生產(chǎn)的研究進(jìn)展。目標(biāo)和建立possibilities of identification are available and should therefore be used as standard practice in the wire鑒定的可能性是可用的，因此，應(yīng)作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的做法在鋼絲線industry. Guidelines for the identification of a straightening process are structured on the basis of an工業(yè)。一個(gè)矯直過程的識別指南是基于一個(gè)interdisciplinary approach covering those processes which take place both upstream and downstream from跨學(xué)科的方法，涵蓋了從上游和下游的那些the straightening process [3].矯直工藝過程[ 3 ]。
圖7 線材矯直過程仿真 圖8 矯直輥定位的幾何因素
本文通過Witels Apparate艾伯特有限公司、德國描述了矯直工藝鋼絲放置之前以及as number of roller required for straightening process [4].矯直過程所需的輥數(shù)[ 4 ]。
] 。
M. Nastran, K. Kuzman describes influencing of the material properties of the wire to allow
M. Nastran, K. Kuzman描述導(dǎo)線的材料性能允許的影響M.NASTRAN，K.Kuzma響stabilization for bending or straightening process. As per paper, experimental work proves that it is彎曲或矯直過程的穩(wěn)定。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，正如每一張紙，它是possible to change the yield strength of the wire by an appropriate pre-setting of the filler in the roller可能改變的屈服強(qiáng)度的鋼絲由一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)念A(yù)先設(shè)置的填料在輥輥straightener. It also describes numerical analysis of straightening process. This work obtained results are矯直機(jī)。它還描述了矯直過程的數(shù)值分析。這項(xiàng)工作得到的結(jié)果是是used for developing a numerical system capable of defining the inter meshing of the roller so that the yield用于開發(fā)一種能夠定義輥間嚙合的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)，以便使其產(chǎn)生strength of the material is optimally constant [5].材料的強(qiáng)度是最佳常數(shù)[ 5 ]。
圖9 安裝在彎管機(jī)上的實(shí)驗(yàn)鋼絲矯直機(jī)
他們還開發(fā)了鋼絲矯直機(jī)的分析模型，利用MATLAB和描述algorithm for influencing the mechanical properties of wire by controlled cyclic deformation. The影響線材力學(xué)性能的控制循環(huán)變形算法。這個(gè)undertaken experimental work as shown in figure 9 proves that it is possible to influence the part geometry進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)工作如圖9所示，證明了它是可能的影響的一部分幾何by different presetting of the rollers in the roller straightened, which means different amount of reversed通過不同的預(yù)設(shè)在輥矯直，這意味著不同數(shù)量的逆轉(zhuǎn)plastic deformations [6].塑性變形[ 6 ]。Carl Sjogren from Sjogren Industries Inc., USA describes for choosing the right wire straightener for
美國Carl Sjogren from Sjogren工業(yè)公司描述了在具體應(yīng)用中選擇合適的鋼絲矯直機(jī)，引導(dǎo)裝置，截止裝置，消除應(yīng)力，鑄造所有鋼絲，鐵和有色金屬的類型[ 7 ]。
P. Ralli Street解釋矯直圓截面導(dǎo)線通過矯直模具的方法。如圖9所示的鋼絲被迫經(jīng)過稱為矯直模具的方式，他們的偏心輪可以循環(huán)方式彎曲鋼絲。在旋轉(zhuǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)子中，直徑受限于彎曲度?1的鋼絲為矯直的目的[ 8 ]。
J. Balica 和M. Nastranb闡述了遺傳規(guī)劃預(yù)測線幾何成型后的使用。線材矯直過程是非常復(fù)雜的，因此幾乎不可能描述解析。這樣的輸出，參數(shù)的依賴性已被模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)。遺傳編程方法是后來的在線調(diào)整的鋼絲矯直機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上。通過解決線材矯直與拱幾何的穩(wěn)定問題，是提高生產(chǎn)力和機(jī)械效率的重要步驟。對于一個(gè)生產(chǎn)公司來說，這是一個(gè)市場地位的先決條件 [ 9 ]。
4.2.切割方法
Wiesenfeld, Yair wire straightening and cutting process and machine as shown in figure1 which feeds,
Wiesenfeld，Yair鋼絲調(diào)直切斷機(jī)過程和反饋如圖1所示，鋼絲矯直切割機(jī)采用雙伺服電機(jī)。在連續(xù)模式下，短絲部件有很高的切斷率。在間歇模式，脈線轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的切斷在每一個(gè)被觸發(fā)的信號。在新機(jī)器中，切斷裝置如圖2所示，包括伺服電機(jī)、機(jī)械減速齒輪箱、傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)、旋轉(zhuǎn)盤安裝在軸上，凸輪從動(dòng)件，接近開關(guān)，線切割機(jī)，切斷手臂，切斷軸，切斷刀，切斷鉗。這種機(jī)器的止擋切割頭如圖11 所示[ 10 ]。
圖10 鋼絲矯直機(jī) 圖11 切割機(jī)構(gòu)
N. Peric 和Ivan Petrovic提出基于最優(yōu)控制系統(tǒng)移動(dòng)目標(biāo)位置控制的新概念飛剪。位置控制是最佳的，在這個(gè)意義上，飛剪機(jī)加速/減速，以盡可能小的驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩剪切。制定并實(shí)施施位置控制算法，以適當(dāng)?shù)乃俣群碗姌须娏鲄?shù)選擇控制器并帶有相應(yīng)的校正信號，增加了葉片的速度參考，保證了較高的速度在連續(xù)運(yùn)行模式下的切削精度。算法也允許從一種模式到另一種自動(dòng)過渡，從而允許在鋼絲廢料最小化計(jì)算不同自定義長度段的最佳組合。它具有顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)， 它的運(yùn)作是高可靠性、高質(zhì)量的切割，特別是節(jié)約能源。在適當(dāng)?shù)男薷暮?，所描述的算法也可以使用在金屬加工廠自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)[ 11 ]。
Finite element analysis was performed by T.S. Kwak, Y.J. Kim, W.B. Bae to investigate the effect of
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