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2019-2020年高三英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義 語(yǔ)法知識(shí) 專(zhuān)題九 名詞性從句 新人教版 一、名詞性從句的連接詞 1．從屬連詞that，whether和if (1)that，whether，if在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起到連接從句的功能。that沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，而whether，if意為“是否”。 (2)whether與if的用法比較 二者均可作“是否”講，都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以互換。 I don’t know whether/if he’ll attend the meeting. 在下列情況下，常用whether，不用if。 ①whether引導(dǎo)從句可以放于句首。 Whether he es or not makes no difference. ②whether可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句，if不可。 The question is whether it is worth trying. The question whether he should join the team has not been decided upon. ③whether可以作介詞賓語(yǔ)，if則不可。 I haven’t settled the problem of whether I’ll lend him the money. ④whether后可以加不定式，if不可。 He didn’t know whether to get married or to wait. ⑤可以用whether...or引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“無(wú)論，不論”，if則不可。 Whether it rains or snows，I don’t care. 2．連接代詞 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞有：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever，whichever，whoever。連接代詞在句中既起連接作用，同時(shí)又充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。 3．連接副詞 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接副詞有：when，where，how，why。連接副詞在句中既是連接詞，又作狀語(yǔ)。 二、主語(yǔ)從句 1．主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，大多數(shù)主語(yǔ)從句都可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句尾。 2．that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，that不可?。粀hat引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示“……的東西”時(shí)，一般不用it作形式主語(yǔ)；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主語(yǔ)。 That she will succeed is certain. →It is certain that she will succeed. What he needs is more experience. (1)It＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that從句 It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means. (2)It＋be＋名詞(短語(yǔ))(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)＋that從句 It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success. (3)It＋be＋過(guò)去分詞(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，wellknown，announced等)＋that從句 It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment. (4)It＋特殊動(dòng)詞(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋that從句 It happened to me that I had been away when he called. 注意：(1)在“It is necessary，important，strange，natural＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句常用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”形式。 (2)在“It＋be＋suggested，advised，ordered，requested，insisted，required＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句應(yīng)用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。 三、賓語(yǔ)從句 1．動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句 (1)大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞(hope，tell，say等)可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句。 We all expect that they will win，for members of their team are stronger. I don’t think you are right. I don’t suppose he cares，does he? (2)動(dòng)詞find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則需要it作形式賓語(yǔ)而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. (3)有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)習(xí)慣上需要在賓語(yǔ)從句前加it。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞(詞組)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to等。 I hate it when they talk with their mouths full. 2．一般情況下介詞后只能用wh類(lèi)連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 注意：(1)where引導(dǎo)的從句有時(shí)也可用作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。 We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived. (2)that引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞的賓語(yǔ)是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介詞后偶爾可能用到。 Your position is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose. 3．sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容詞后也可帶賓語(yǔ)從句。 I’m sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather. 四、表語(yǔ)從句 1．主句的主語(yǔ)是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名詞時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。 His suggestion is that we (should) change our course. 2．主語(yǔ)為名詞reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞要用that，而不用why或because。 The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much. 3．because，as if，as though，as，like等連接詞也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。 He has heart disease.That is because he has been smoking too much. 五、同位語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句是用以解釋說(shuō)明某一名詞內(nèi)容和實(shí)質(zhì)的從句。 1．能接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。 2．同位語(yǔ)從句一般用that引導(dǎo)，但也可以用連接代詞(what，which，who)、連接副詞(when，where，why，how)或whether引導(dǎo)。 I have no idea what has happened to him. 3．有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的某個(gè)名詞后，而是被別的詞隔開(kāi)。 The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword. 六、名詞性從句的幾個(gè)難點(diǎn) 1．that通常不可省略的四種情況： (1)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，that置于句首時(shí)不可省略。 That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed. (2)當(dāng)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)和以后幾個(gè)從句的that不可省略。 I wished (that) we could go sighting in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai. (3)在由it作形式賓語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，that也不可省略。 He has made it clear that he wouldn’t agree to the plan. (4)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that也不可省略。 2．what與that的區(qū)別： what在從句中充當(dāng)一定成分并且具有特定含義“……的人(地方、東西)等”；that只起引導(dǎo)作用，在主語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分并且也沒(méi)有含義。 What he said was true. That he came late made the teacher angry. 技巧1　從句類(lèi)型判斷法 名詞性從句分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。從句類(lèi)型不同，引導(dǎo)從句的連詞也不盡相同，確定了從句類(lèi)型，也就確定了引導(dǎo)該類(lèi)從句的連詞。判斷的方法就是根據(jù)從句在整個(gè)句子中的位置。 What he said is wrong.他所說(shuō)的話是錯(cuò)的。(從句在主語(yǔ)位置，為主語(yǔ)從句) Check that all the switches are turned off.檢查一下所有的開(kāi)關(guān)已關(guān)好。(從句在動(dòng)詞后，為賓語(yǔ)從句) What I was uncertain about was whether we could overe the difficulties all by ourselves.我不敢肯定的是我們自己能不能戰(zhàn)勝這些困難。(whether從句在was后，為表語(yǔ)從句) I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。(從句在抽象名詞后，對(duì)名詞解釋說(shuō)明，為同位語(yǔ)從句) [考題印證] Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew________she was so angry. (xx湖南，35) A．where B．whether C．that D．why 答案　D 解析　句意為：Cindy用力關(guān)上門(mén)并且大哭了起來(lái)，辦公室里沒(méi)人知道她為什么那么生氣。從句在動(dòng)詞know后，故為賓語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意分析，D項(xiàng)正確。 技巧2　從句成分分析法 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞分三類(lèi)：第一類(lèi)為that，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，本身無(wú)意義；第二類(lèi)whether/if類(lèi)，本身有意義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分；第三類(lèi)為wh類(lèi)及how, as if, because等，本身有意義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分。what, which, who, whom, whose等在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)；when, where, why, how, because等在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。通過(guò)分析從句，可以明了從句是否缺成分，缺什么成分，從而確定連詞的種類(lèi)。 [考題印證] As a new graduate，he doesn’t know________it takes to start a business here.(xx天津，14) A．how B．what C．when D．which 答案　B 解析　句意為：作為一名新的畢業(yè)生，他不知道在這里創(chuàng)業(yè)需要些什么。what在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)takes的賓語(yǔ)。本題可采用句式還原法解題，只要把賓語(yǔ)從句還原成It takes...to do sth.句式，即可輕松得出答案。 技巧3　關(guān)注特殊形式的名詞性從句 感嘆詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句和because, as if 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。 [考題印證] Parents are taught to understand________important education is to their children’s future. A．that B. how C．such D．so 答案　B 解析　動(dòng)詞understand后面是由how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句作賓語(yǔ)。 1．—I don’t know ________ makes her different from others. —Confidence，I think. A．how is it that B．how it is that C．what is it that D．what it is that 答案　D 解析　考查賓語(yǔ)從句及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。此處know后為賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句中有強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意為：——我不知道究竟是什么使她與眾不同?！艺J(rèn)為是自信。 2．The old man was so angry and spoke so fast that none of his children understood ________ he said meant. A．that that B．what what C．what D．that 答案　B 解析　第一個(gè)what作meant的賓語(yǔ)；第二個(gè)what作said的賓語(yǔ)。 3．Is it，in your opinion，possible ________ new measures will be taken to improve the terrible traffic? A．whether B．what C．when D．that 答案　D 解析　句意為：在你看來(lái)，采取新的措施改善糟糕的交通是可能的嗎？it為形式主語(yǔ)，后面的從句為真正的主語(yǔ)，且從句中不缺少句子成分，故D項(xiàng)正確。 4．Golf is rapidly being more popular.Near some towns and cities new courses are being built in________. A．what is farmland B．what farmland is C．what farmland was D．what was farmland 答案　D 解析　考查賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。此處what was farmland作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)。句意為：高爾夫球很快變得受歡迎。附近城鎮(zhèn)新的高爾夫球場(chǎng)正在曾經(jīng)是農(nóng)田的地方建設(shè)。 5．He thought________mattered most in improving spoken English was enough confidence and practice. A．why B．what C．which D．that 答案　B 解析　考查賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。此處what作賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。句意為：他認(rèn)為提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的關(guān)鍵是有足夠的信心和練習(xí)。 6．It seems ________ the pany Dibai World is unlikely to survive in this serious financial crisis. A．like if B．because of C．a(chǎn)s if D．for that 答案　C 解析　考查名詞性從句。句意為：看起來(lái)好像迪拜世界集團(tuán)不太可能在這次嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)中生存下來(lái)。seem as if＋從句，“看起來(lái)好像……”。 7．The world’s population hit 7 billion on Monday among celebrations and concerns about ________ the growing number of people will affect the earth’s resources. A．why B．how C．whether D．what 答案　B 解析　考查名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。分析句子可知空格處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句已為完整句子，考慮連接副詞，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選B。 8．We are very proud of ________ you have acplished so far．You should be proud too． A．what B．that C．which D．where 答案　A 解析　空格引導(dǎo)的是of的賓語(yǔ)從句且在從句中作have acplished的賓語(yǔ)，故選A。 9．________ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A．Whether B．What C．That D．How 答案　B 解析　句意為：一些人眼中的缺點(diǎn)是別人眼中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作動(dòng)詞regard的賓語(yǔ)；that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句不作成分。 10．As far as I can see，________ is no possibility ________ he will win the tennis match this time. A．it；that B．there；that C．it；whether D．there；whether 答案　B 解析　句意為：據(jù)我所知，這次他要贏得這場(chǎng)網(wǎng)球賽是不可能的。There is no need/possibility/doubt that...是固定句型，其中that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句。 11．I was close to being killed the other day.A car passed me at ________ I thought was a dangerous speed. A．a(chǎn)s B．which C．that D．what 答案　D 解析　此句是what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。what在從句中作主語(yǔ)，I thought是插入語(yǔ)。介詞后不跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；句中無(wú)先行詞，不是定語(yǔ)從句，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 12．—I am worried about ________ she has had an operation ________ her throat. —You have to see her as soon as possible. A．that；in B．if；in C．whether；on D．where；on 答案　C 解析　首句句意為：我擔(dān)心她是否對(duì)喉嚨動(dòng)了手術(shù)。介詞后不能接if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；“對(duì)……動(dòng)手術(shù)”，用have an operation on...。 13．We’ve offered her the job，but I don’t know ________ she’ll accept it.(2011山東，33) A．where B．what C．whether D．which 答案　C 解析　句意為：我們給她提供了那份工作，但我不知道她是否會(huì)接受。where哪兒；what什么；whether是否；which哪一個(gè)。只有whether符合句意，故選C。 14．The villagers have already known________we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.(2011江西，26) A．this B．that C．what D．which 答案　C 解析　句意為：村民們已經(jīng)知道我們要做的事是重修這座橋。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，known后的賓語(yǔ)從句中含有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，該從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞并且從句中do缺少賓語(yǔ)，故用what，意為“……的事情”。this不能引導(dǎo)從句；that在名詞性從句中不作句子成分；which強(qiáng)調(diào)哪一個(gè)，不符合句意。 15．The rescue team are considering________they can do more for the people suffering from the storm． A．what B．whatever C．if D．how 答案　D 解析　考查賓語(yǔ)從句。從句中主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)齊全，設(shè)空處只缺狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用how來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。