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2019-2020年高中英語專項(xiàng)突破 完形填空 語法知識(shí)運(yùn)用能力 技能考查簡(jiǎn)介 　　　普通高中課程改革英語學(xué)科教學(xué)指導(dǎo)意見指出：高中英課程的總目標(biāo)之一是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力；語言技能和語言知識(shí)是綜合語言運(yùn)用能力的基礎(chǔ)。并因此而著重提高學(xué)生用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力，特別注重提高學(xué)生用英語進(jìn)行思維和表達(dá)的能力；形成跨文化交際的意識(shí)和基本的跨文化交際能力。 高中英語考試說明的命題要求明確指出：“完形填空考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力和詞匯的綜合運(yùn)用能力，所選語言材料要有利于考生進(jìn)行語篇分析，要保證本大題有較好的區(qū)分度?！? 因此，高考完形填空題這種題型的設(shè)置是檢驗(yàn)課程實(shí)施效果的方法之一。該題形要求高中生必須具備快速閱讀理解一篇抽去相當(dāng)數(shù)量詞匯文章的內(nèi)容領(lǐng)悟能力和分析推斷能力，綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語法知識(shí)、詞匯辨析能力，常識(shí)和邏輯推理能力，和具有一定的跨文化交際意識(shí)和能力。具體考查技能如下： 語法知識(shí)掌握能力：語法知識(shí)的考查主要體現(xiàn)在某些常見的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和固定句式當(dāng)中。 （一）語法知識(shí) （二）固定短語與句式 （七）語法知識(shí) 語法知識(shí)：這一類形主要考察各類從句，分詞，不定式，主謂一致，虛擬語氣等等。 e.g. On that afternoon, 39 the math teacher started to introduce difficult concepts, dark clouds covered the sky, and the storm set in. 39. A. until B. since C. because D. as 【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：那天下午，當(dāng)數(shù)學(xué)老師開始介紹一些難懂的數(shù)學(xué)概念的時(shí)候，烏云密布，一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨來臨了。as在句中引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，可與when互換。故選D。 一、小試牛刀： 1、Usually she 36 play in the small garden. 36. A. might B. should C. would D. must 2、It was a challenging time for everyone, 27 Dad remained optimistic. 27. A. or B. for C. so D. but 3、Farmer Mike’s house had been a great place for the little mouse 35 the farmer married a wife who had a cat. 　　35. A. although B. until C. whereas D. unless 4、You can’t blame others ___35___ you start with yourself. 35. A. although B. if C. when D. unless 5、__29__ it was getting dark, she saw a small, dark wooden house. 29. A. When B. Until C. If D. Because 【答案解析】 1、【解析】C?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。本題的提示詞是usually, 根據(jù)語境這里應(yīng)該表示一個(gè)小女孩的個(gè)人習(xí)慣，句子的意思是：通常她會(huì)在那個(gè)小花園里玩耍。故選擇C。 2、【解析】D?？疾椴⒘芯洹＞渥拥那鞍氩糠终f旱災(zāi)對(duì)于每個(gè)人都是一種挑戰(zhàn)，后半部分說父親保持樂觀，兩者之間顯然是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用連詞but。 3、【解析】B。考查狀語從句。根據(jù)Farmer Mike’s house had been a great place for the little mouse “ 農(nóng)夫邁克的房子曾是這只小老鼠的好地方”和下一句中的the farmer married a wife who had a cat.可推知本空B項(xiàng)until正確。 4、【解析】D?？疾闋钫Z從句。由句意：除非你從自己開始反思，否則你不能責(zé)備他人。 5、【解析】A?？疾闋钫Z從句。由句意可知所填詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，引導(dǎo)詞意思是：當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，選A。 二、基礎(chǔ)鞏固： 1、I love how peole 37 seem so different, but end up being so 38 . 37. A. need B. shall C. must D. can 38. A. generous B. independent C. similar D. distant 2、The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one. It’s not so much about what I can get for myself; it’s about 55 we can all get by together. 55. A. when B. what C. whether D. how 3、By the end of the year, I had several new friends, and two of ___45 are still my best friends today. 45. A. us B. which C. them D. whom 4、The locals knew nothing about me, 43 slowly, they started teaching me the 44 of being a neighbor. 43. A. but B. although C. otherwise D. for 44. A. benefit B. lesson C. nature D. art 5、I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief __43__ I was halfway through rehearsals (排練) on my first day. 43. A. while B. since C. until D. when 【答案解析】 1、【解析】D?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。A. need需要 B. shall 將，會(huì)； C. must必須； D. can可能。根據(jù)句意，可知作者是說‘看似不同的人，結(jié)果卻有可能變得非常相似’，這里表示的一種‘可能性’，故選項(xiàng)D正確。 2、【解析】D。考查名詞性從句。句意：美國(guó)夢(mèng)不是關(guān)于我能為自己得到什么，而是關(guān)于我們所有人如何能夠一起度過難關(guān)。about后面的從句不缺主語、賓語、表語，因此不選what；也沒有是否(whether)的意思；也沒有涉及時(shí)間問題（when），因此只能選how. 3、【解析】C?？疾榫渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)。這是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句，前后都是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，后半句中表達(dá)“其中有兩人”，所以用two of them. 本句中如果前邊沒有and，那么就該選D whom，是指人的關(guān)系代詞。故選C。 4、【解析】A。考查狀語從句。句意：盡管當(dāng)?shù)厝藢?duì)我是一無所知，但是，他們卻教我與鄰居相處的藝術(shù)。很顯然是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。although盡管；雖然位置應(yīng)該放在 “The locals knew nothing about me”之前。otherwise否則，不然；for因?yàn)?，由于。它們都不符合? 5、【解析】 C。考查狀語從句。此句意：直到自己身處培訓(xùn)之前，都不敢相信自己被錄取了，用until，其他選項(xiàng)均不符合語境。 三、能力提高： 1、She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what she’s learned to other kids 53 she grew up. 53. A. until B. as C. when D. before 2、My entire experience was joyous and exciting 27 I received some shocking news from my program coordinator(協(xié)調(diào)人): there had been a death in my host parents’ extended family. 27. A. until B. when C. since D. while 3、And you’ll be __54__ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in __55__ own language. Good luck! 54. A. blamed B. amazed C. interrupted D. informed 55. A. their B. his C. our D, your 4、 37 she loved her parents and her family, she desired to live in such a house and 38 all day about how wonderful and exciting 39 must feel to live there. 37. A. Unless B. Although C. Since D. But 38. A. dreamed B. worried C. asked D. shouted 39. A. this B. that C. it D. which 5、One sunny afternoon, a seven-year-old girl went for a walk. She crossed a large area of grassland into the woods __26__ she realized that she was lost. 26. A. before B. since C. while D. as 【答案解析】 1、【解析】C。考查狀語從句。根據(jù)句意：當(dāng)她長(zhǎng)大時(shí)，她想成為一名體操教練，把自己的所學(xué)交給其他孩子。 2、【解析】A。考查狀語從句。根據(jù)句意可知他一直感覺很開心‘直到’令人震驚的消息傳來，故選項(xiàng)A正確。 3、【解析】A?？疾榇~的用法。根據(jù)句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系解題。前面說“the positive reaction of some people”，可知是說一些他們（their）自己的語言的詞匯。 4、【解析】B?？疾闋钫Z從句。根據(jù)句間邏輯關(guān)系解題。主句是she desired to live in such a house, 從句是she loved her parents and her family, 主句和從句的關(guān)系應(yīng)該是讓步關(guān)系，雖然她深愛著自己的父母和家人，但還是渴望住在那棟房子里。所以選擇Although。 5、【解析】A?？疾闀r(shí)間狀語從句。句意是：她穿過一大片草地，只是她意識(shí)到自己迷路了，即在她意識(shí)到自己迷路之前她已經(jīng)走過了一大片草地。選A。 四、終極挑戰(zhàn)： 1、He could have made what was already an unfortable situation worse,___43__he chose a different way and gave us a reason to believe that there is still__44___in this world. 43. A. so B. since C. although D. but 44. A. kindness B. happiness C. politeness D. brightness 2、 48 she got off her bike and put it against the gate post, she focused on the path 49 to the house and then on the house itself. 48. A. Until B. As C. While D. Because 49. A. getting B. introducing C. leading D. moving 3、Still shaky and unsure___36__to do next, my friends and I went to a table and sat there, trying our best to look___37__ 36. A. how B. who C. what D. which 37. A. mild B. honest C. calm D. modest 4、I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s, 38 children from different races and religions played and studied 39 in harmony. 38. A. why B. which C. how D. when 39. A. together B. around C. alone D. apart 5、As I pulled the bus over to 28 a little girl, she handed me an earring 29 I should keep it 30 somebody claimed (認(rèn)領(lǐng)) it. 28. A. wave at B. drop off C. call on D. look for 29. A. ordering B. promising C. saying D. showing 30. A. in case B. or else C. as if D. now that 【答案解析】 1、【解析】D。考查并列句。抓住關(guān)鍵詞，本句中的關(guān)鍵詞為different，表達(dá)意義上的轉(zhuǎn)折，故選擇D。 2、【解析】B?？疾闋钫Z從句。本句的解題關(guān)鍵在于主句中的謂語focused on the path和從句謂語got off the bike之間的邏輯關(guān)系。先下車再專心研究/看…，由此可知要選的從屬連詞為引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的，但是got of f her bike 為瞬間動(dòng)詞，而while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是延續(xù)性的，所以否定C答案，選擇B。 3、【解析】C?？疾槊~性從句。賓語從句___ to do next 中的 do少賓語，故連接詞應(yīng)選用 what。 4、【解析】D。考查定語從句。本句是個(gè)定語從句，先行詞指的是20世紀(jì)60年代的時(shí)候，所以用when。 5、【解析】A。考查狀語從句。此處in case以免，以防； or else否則；as if好像；now that既然。小女孩在遞給我耳環(huán)的同時(shí)說，我應(yīng)該保存它以免有人認(rèn)領(lǐng)。