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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)話題語篇專攻練12史地博覽一外研版 Ⅰ. 閱讀理解 A Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1, 510 miles southwest of its nearest, St. Helena, and 1, 950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(上將)of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred. ing in a close second—and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant land—is Easter Island(復(fù)活節(jié)島), which lies 1, 260 miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2, 300 miles west of South America. The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1, 000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous. On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2, 000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利領(lǐng)土). They share one street, a small airport, and a few hours of television per day. 【文章大意】文章介紹了Tristan da Cunha群島的地理情況、名字的由來和隸屬情況。 1. It can be learned from the text that the island of Tristan da Cunha______. A. was named after its discoverer B. got its name from Holland settlers C. was named by the British government D. got its name from the Guinness Book of Records 【解析】選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506. . . 可知, 這個島嶼是以島嶼發(fā)現(xiàn)者的名字來命名的, 故選A。 2. Which of the following is most famous for moai? A. Tristan da Cunha. 　　　 B. Pitcairn Island. C. Easter Island. D. St. Helena. 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段以及第三段第二句They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1, 000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous. 可知復(fù)活節(jié)島因摩艾最為出名, 故選C。 3. Which country does Easter Island belong to? A. Britain. B. Holland. C. Portugal. D. Chile. 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2, 000 people live on the Chilean territory可以推斷, Easter Island屬于Chile, 故選D。 B (xx長沙模擬) Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons for example, economic reasons—why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed? In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area. It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative and do not like change. Although we have to respect people’s feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice. 【文章大意】是否可以在有歷史遺跡的地方建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化的建筑? 文章對此問題進行了討論。 4. What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph? A. Some of them are not attractive. B. Most of them ate too expensive to preserve. C. They are more pleasing than modern buildings. D. They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area. 【解析】選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句Not all historical buildings are attractive. 可知, 作者認為并不是所有的古代建筑都是很吸引人的。故A正確。 5. Which of the following is true according to the author? A. We should reproduce the same old buildings. B. Buildings should not dominate their surroundings. C. Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in. D. No one understands why people speak against new buildings. 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. 可知, 一些新的建筑會破壞它們所在地區(qū)的風(fēng)景, 同樣一些舊建筑也是如此, 故選C。 6. By“move things forward”in the last paragraph, the author probably means “______”. A. destroy old buildings B. put things in a different place C. choose new architectural styles D. respect people’s feelings for historical buildings 【解析】選C。詞意猜測題。根據(jù)畫線下一句If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. (如果我們總是重復(fù)建設(shè)以前的建筑風(fēng)格, 那么我們可能仍生活在洞穴里)可知要開發(fā)出新的建筑風(fēng)格, 不走老路, 故選C。 7. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain why people dislike change. B. To warn that we could end up living in caves. C. To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings. D. To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas. 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? 可知, 本文是關(guān)于是否可以在歷史遺跡的地方建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化的建筑的討論, 故選D。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 In the morning, Slim got up and prepared breakfast for his wife as usual. Nicole, his wife, was listening to music in the bedroom. __1__, he felt that his body was shaking. Slim had the__2__response that there was an earthquake! He__3__quickly, “Dear, earthquake! Go to the toilet! ”Nicole heard the shouting, __4__the first aid box quickly and ran into the toilet. The house was__5__even more dramatically. Bathroom was the next door to the kitchen. Slim picked up a kitchen__6__and two pieces of bread outside the kitchen. Slim tried to run along the wall to help Nicole. __7__, it got__8__suddenly with an explosion. The house__9__down and many things fell from above. Nicole was quickly buried in__10__. She felt breathing very difficult. She tried to stand up, but__11__. A few minutes later, the land was__12__. Nicole heard the sound of short__13__and thought it was Slim! She shouted to him but no__14__! He probably fainted. Nicole kept saying his name and she finally heard a response. Two people encouraged and__15__each other. They knew that there must be a way to__16__. Slim found that they were close and were__17__by the fallen stones and some powder. He started to dig with the kitchen knife. He felt__18__from his fingers. Finally, he removed the last piece of larger stones. Slim touched Nicole’s one hand, then dug the__19__stones of her body. Finally, Nicole had a__20__breathing slowly. Two people sat on the ground and hugged together. 【文章大意】本文主要講述了一對夫妻在早上突然遇到了地震及展開自救的故事。 1. A. Unfortunately B. Actually C. Suddenly D. Really 【解析】選C。考查語境邏輯。他正在做早飯, 突然感覺身體在搖晃。故選C。 2. A. rapid B. recent C. second D. best 【解析】選A。考查語境邏輯。Slim迅速(rapid)反應(yīng)過來, 地震了。 3. A. warned B. shouted C. jumped D. howled 【解析】選B?？疾檎Z境邏輯。Slim大聲喊叫(shout)提醒妻子發(fā)生地震了, 趕快躲起來。故選B。 4. A. used up B. found out C. took up D. put away 【解析】選C。考查動詞以及對語境的理解。妻子聽見了丈夫的喊聲, 拿起急救箱跑進了衛(wèi)生間。use up用光; find out發(fā)現(xiàn); take up拿起; put away把……收拾起來。故選C。 5. A. burning B. moving C. falling D. shaking 【解析】選D?？疾閯釉~以及對語境的理解。根據(jù)上文可知發(fā)生了地震, 所以房子在搖晃, 在抖動。burn燃燒; move移動; fall傾倒; shake搖晃。故選D。 6. A. knife B. cook C. fork D. tool 【解析】選A。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句中的the kitchen knife可知他拿了一把刀。故選A。 7. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Besides 【解析】選B?？疾檫B詞以及對語境的理解。他努力地沿著墻跑去幫助妻子。然而, 突然間發(fā)生了大爆炸。故選B。 8. A. bright B. cloudy C. blank D. dark 【解析】選D?？疾樾稳菰~以及對語境的理解。突然發(fā)生了爆炸, 一切都變黑了。故選D。 9. A. lay B. broke C. crashed D. bent 【解析】選C?？疾閯釉~以及對語境的理解。房子倒塌了, 很多東西從上面掉了下來, lie躺下; break損壞; crash倒塌; bend彎曲。 10. A. dirt B. ashes C. pieces D. ruins 【解析】選D?？疾槊~以及對語境的理解。Nicole很快被埋在廢墟(ruins)里。故選D。 11. A. senseless B. impossible C. impractical D. invaluable 【解析】選B?？疾樾稳菰~以及對語境的理解。她試圖站起來, 但是不可能(impossible)。選B。 12. A. normal B. silent C. flat D. usual 【解析】選B?？疾樾稳菰~以及對語境的理解。一切過了以后都安靜(silent)了下來。故選B。 13. A. steps B. pauses C. movements D. breath 【解析】選D?？疾槊~及對語境的理解。Nicole聽見了短促的呼吸(breath)聲并認為是丈夫的聲音。故選D。 14. A. sign B. hope C. response D. result 【解析】選C?？疾槊~以及對語境的理解。她朝他大喊, 但是沒有回應(yīng)。故選C。 15. A. calmed B. held C. touched D. called 【解析】選A?？疾閯釉~以及對語境的理解。夫妻二人相互鼓勵, 使對方鎮(zhèn)定了下來。calm使平靜; hold舉起; touch接觸; call呼叫。故選A。 16. A. relax B. municate C. escape D. succeed 【解析】選C?？疾閯釉~以及對語境的理解。他們知道一定有逃脫的方法。relax放輕松; municate交流; escape逃跑; succeed成功。故選C。 17. A. wrapped B. limited C. fastened D. separated 【解析】選D?？疾閷φZ境的理解。他們靠得很近, 但是卻被掉下的石頭和粉末分開了。wrap包裹; limit限制; fasten加速; separate分開。故選D。 18. A. pain B. cold C. water D. warmth 【解析】選A?？疾槊~以及對語境的理解。他用菜刀挖, 能夠感覺到手指的疼痛。故選A。 19. A. spreading B. bundling C. sticking D. surrounding 【解析】選D。丈夫把妻子周圍的石頭清理掉。spread傳播; bundle匆匆送走; stick粘住; surrounding周圍的。故選D。 20. A. plete B. steady C. constant D. weak 【解析】選B。慢慢地妻子有了穩(wěn)定地呼吸。plete完全的; steady穩(wěn)固的; constant持續(xù)的; weak虛弱的。故選B。 Ⅲ. 語法填空 　　閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 (xx長沙模擬) Climate change has caused a rise in sea levels. This has increased the amount of salt in fresh water1. __________(use)on coastal farms. As a result, farmers are 2. __________(gradual)unable to use fields close to the sea. However, Marc Van Rijsselberg, a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a 3. __________(mix)of sea and fresh water 4. __________(grow)healthy and tasty vegetables. He teamed up with scientists from the Free University and divided a farm 5. __________eight negated areas. Separate pipes pumped fresh and sea water, and a puter program created water with eight levels of salinity(含鹽度). The water levels and the levels of salinity6. __________(control)by puterized measuring devices called “sensors”. Marc Van Rijsselberg said he was able to harvest vegetables from most of the eight testing areas. He said the vegetables were smaller than 7. __________grown in fresh water. But he said they also had more sugar and salt, so they tasted much 8. __________(good). He found that potatoes grew better than the other vegetables in the bination of sea and fresh water. Marc Van Rijsselberg said four 9. __________(kind)of these potatoes would be sent to Pakistan10. __________thousands of hectares of land was damaged by salinization last year. 【文章大意】本文主要講述了氣候變化導(dǎo)致海平面上升, 給沿海農(nóng)業(yè)帶來了影響。但Marc Van Rijsselberg, 荷蘭的一個農(nóng)民, 卻用海水和淡水按比例澆灌的方法, 種出了健康美味的蔬菜。 1. 【解析】used?？疾榉侵^語動詞。use與主語是被動關(guān)系, 應(yīng)該用過去分詞的形式。 2. 【解析】gradually?？疾楦痹~。修飾動詞, 應(yīng)該是副詞形式。 3. 【解析】mixture。考查名詞。此處指海水和淡水的混合物。 4. 【解析】to grow。考查動詞。to do表示目的。 5. 【解析】into?？疾榻樵~。divide into把……分成。 6. 【解析】were controlled?？疾楸粍诱Z態(tài)。此處指被控制在一定的比例。 7. 【解析】those?？疾榇~。句意: 他說這些蔬菜比在淡水中生長的那些長得小。 8. 【解析】better?？疾楸容^級。因為前面有much, 此處表示更好。 9. 【解析】kinds?？疾閱螐?fù)數(shù)。前面有four, 故用kind的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 10. 【解析】where?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞為Pakistan, 是地點, 應(yīng)該用where。 ①square　　　　　　　n. 平方 ②inhabited adj. 有人居住的 ③stone figure 石像 ④settler n. 移民 ⑤historical adj. 歷史的 ⑥dominate v. 支配 ⑦architectural adj. 建筑的 ⑧surrounding adj. 周圍的