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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)話題語(yǔ)篇專攻練23文化習(xí)俗一外研版 Ⅰ. 閱讀理解 A (xx洛陽(yáng)模擬) 　　Living in a culture that is different from your own can be both an exciting and challenging experience. The following are six cultural differences between China and the US to help promote mutual understanding. ______ Chinese people do not have the same concept of privacy as Americans do. They talk about topics such as ages, ine or marital status, which Americans think is annoying and disturbing. Family In China, elders are traditionally treated with great respect while the young are cared for. In America, the goal of the family is to encourage independence, particularly that of the children. Unlike the Chinese, older Americans seldom live with their children. Friends Chinese people have different meanings to define friends. Just hanging out together time to time is not friendship. Friendship means lifelong friends who feel it deeply necessary to give each other whatever help might seem required. Americans always call people they meet friends, so the definition of friends is general and different. There are work friends, playing friends, school friends and drinking friends. Money As is well known, the Chinese like to save. They are always conservative when they are planning to spend money. It is different in the US, where far fewer families are saving money for emergencies and education than their Chinese counterparts(對(duì)應(yīng)面). Education Chinese people value education and career more than Americans, who in turn put more emphasis on good character and faith. Team VS Individual Basically China values the munity and the US values the individual. If you achieve something in the US, it’s because you are great. While in China, if you achieve something it’s because the team, or family, or pany is great. Everything you do gets attributed to the greater whole, while in America individual merits(功績(jī))are celebrated. 【文章大意】本文主要講述了中國(guó)人和美國(guó)人的文化差異。 1. Which is the most appropriate word to show the first cultural difference? A. Privacy. 　　　　　　　　 B. Ine. C. Age. D. Marriage. 【解析】選A。段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Chinese people do not have the same concept of privacy as Americans do. 中國(guó)人沒有像美國(guó)人一樣的隱私概念, 故選A。 2. Which is TRUE according to the passage? A. American parents seldom live with their children. B. There is no friendship between American people drinking together. C. Chinese people are usually generous with money to spend. D. Americans value good character and faith in terms of education. 【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Education部分可知中國(guó)人比美國(guó)人更重視教育和事業(yè), 而美國(guó)人更加重視良好的品格和信仰, 故選D。 3. Which one is similar to the underlined phrase? A. is attached to B. brings in C. is promoted to D. results in 【解析】選A。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)本段Team VS Individual可知在中國(guó), 如果你取得了優(yōu)異的成績(jī), 會(huì)被歸因于集體, 家庭或者公司的辛勤培育?？芍嬀€詞組的意思是: 被歸因于, 故選A。 B If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are. Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to(料理), and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety. The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card(住宿登記卡)to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge. The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate(價(jià)錢). From then on, they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly(相應(yīng)地). With so many loopholes(漏洞)in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take“petty advantages”. But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always e back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”. In a society of such high moral practice, what need is there for people to be on guard against others? 【文章大意】文章通過(guò)出租車、酒店、工人等介紹了芬蘭人民的“愚蠢”, 來(lái)表明并贊美了芬蘭社會(huì)的和諧, 人民的思想覺悟高。 4. While taking a taxi in Finland, ______. A. a passenger can go anywhere without having to pay the driver B. a passenger pays two US dollars for a taxi ride C. a passenger can never be refused by the taxi driver wherever he wants to go D. a passenger needs to provide good faith demonstration(證明)before leaving without paying 【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段的“You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place. . . ”可知你可以一個(gè)人去任何地方, 告訴司機(jī)在任何一個(gè)地方讓你下車……故選C。 5. We know from the passage that big hotels in Finland______. A. are mostly poorly managed B. provide meals for any diners C. provide free wine and charge for food D. provide meals for only those who live in the hotels 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. ”所有大旅館的餐廳不僅給顧客提供服務(wù), 同樣服務(wù)外面的就餐者。故選B。 6. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The workers in Finland are paid by the hour. B. The workers are always honest with their working hours. C. The workers and their bosses will make an agreement in advance about the pay. D. The bosses in Finland are too busy to check the working hours of their employees. 【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的第四、五段可知, 選項(xiàng)D中所提到的老板不核對(duì)雇員的工作時(shí)間并不是因?yàn)樗麄兲? 而是因?yàn)楣蛦T都誠(chéng)實(shí)地上報(bào)自己的工作時(shí)間, 人們互相信任, 就不需要核對(duì)了。故選D。 7. The word“those”in the last but one paragraph probably refers to______. A. people who are dishonest B. people who often have meals in big hotels C. people who often take taxis D. people who are worthy of trust 【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“With so many loopholes in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take‘petty advantage’. ”在日常生活中有這么多漏洞的情況下, 芬蘭肯定會(huì)是那些愛貪小便宜的人的天堂。故選A。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 You and I agree to meet at four-thirty. I show up at 4: 33. I don’t say anything, because that’s close enough to satisfy our social__1__. Only after five minutes do you__2__me to say, “Sorry I’m late. ”At ten minutes I owe you an__3__: “The freeway exit was closed. I had to go four miles out of my way. ”After twenty minutes I have to make a full and serious__4__. After forty minutes I’d better not__5__at all. That sort of thing—so formally__6__and never explicitly stated—drives people from other cultures__7__. Anthropologists(人類學(xué)家)list the__8__things to cope with in a foreign land. Second only to the language barrier is the way we deal with__9__. Now psychologists look at our__10__of time another way. They go into several countries and measure the__11__of life. They measure the accuracy of bank clocks and how fast city residents walk. They time transactions(交易)in banks and post offices. They see__12__people take to answer questions. Japanese keep a__13__of the fastest pace. Americans are a__14__second. Italians and Indonesians are at the bottom of the__15__. Italians give long answers to your questions. Indonesians don’t__16__setting their bank clocks. __17__American cities, Boston and Kansas City are fastest. New York is up there, of course, but we keep a faster pace here in Houston. California’s“slow-pace”reputation is__18__, as the slowest pace of all is kept in Los Angeles. In a technology-dense world, the tension of life has changed our view of time. __19__, if we are smart enough, we should not live by the clock only when we have to. Now it’s 4: 55. I’m walking__20__, towards our 4: 30 meeting. 【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。談?wù)摿瞬煌瑖?guó)家的人對(duì)待時(shí)間的不同態(tài)度。 1. A. contract B. connection C. construction D. confidence 【解析】選A。遲到幾分鐘不會(huì)和我們的社會(huì)契約習(xí)慣相悖。contract合同, 契約, 關(guān)系; connection聯(lián)系; construction建設(shè); confidence信心, 自信。故A正確。 2. A. order B. intend C. require D. expect 【解析】選D。句意: 遲到五分鐘以上你才會(huì)期望著(expect)我說(shuō), “對(duì)不起, 我來(lái)晚了?！惫蔬xD項(xiàng)。 3. A. action B. announcement C. explanation D. eruption 【解析】選C。遲到十分鐘, 我就應(yīng)該給你一個(gè)解釋, 下一句為解釋的內(nèi)容。action行動(dòng); announcement宣布; explanation解釋; eruption爆發(fā)。故選C項(xiàng)。 4. A. apology B. excuse C. option D. opinion 【解析】選A。如果遲到20分鐘, 我就應(yīng)該嚴(yán)肅正式地向你道歉(apology)。 5. A. look up B. stay up C. keep up D. show up 【解析】選D。如果遲到了40分鐘, 那么就不要出現(xiàn)了。look up查找; stay up熬夜, 屹立不倒; keep up保持; show up出現(xiàn)。故D正確。 6. A. observed B. introduced C. impressed D. imitated 【解析】選A。這樣的事情被遵守, 但卻從沒有被明確地規(guī)定。observe遵守; 觀察; 慶祝; introduce介紹, 引進(jìn); impress留下印象; imitate模仿。故A正確。 7. A. immoral B. unaware C. crazy D. thrilled 【解析】選C。因?yàn)閬?lái)自不同文化的人對(duì)時(shí)間的概念不一樣, 別的文化背景的人常常會(huì)因此而抓狂。immoral不道德的; unaware沒有意識(shí)的; crazy瘋狂的; thrilled興奮的。故選C。 8. A. fastest B. toughest C. strangest D. funniest 【解析】選B。從本段最后可知語(yǔ)言障礙和對(duì)待時(shí)間的態(tài)度是我們?cè)趪?guó)外最難以處理的兩件事情。fastest最快的; toughest最困難的; strangest最奇怪的; funniest最滑稽的。故選B。 9. A. study B. time C. budget D. transport 【解析】選B。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容可知, 人們對(duì)待時(shí)間(time)的態(tài)度不太一樣, 故選B項(xiàng)。 10. A. view B. ment C. contact D. phenomenon 【解析】選A。句意: 現(xiàn)在心理學(xué)家以另外一個(gè)角度(view)看待我們的時(shí)間。故選A項(xiàng)。 11. A. rhyme B. pace C. ratio D. session 【解析】選B?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z(yǔ)。心理學(xué)家們?nèi)チ撕脦讉€(gè)國(guó)家了解他們不同的生活節(jié)奏, the pace of life生活節(jié)奏。故選B項(xiàng)。 12. A. how often B. how far C. how soon D. how long 【解析】選D?？疾樘厥庖蓡?wèn)詞辨析。心理學(xué)家看人們回答問(wèn)題所用的時(shí)間, 故選D。 13. A. tradition B. note C. record D. secret 【解析】選C?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z(yǔ)。日本人保持著最快的生活節(jié)奏的記錄。keep a record of. . . 保持……的記錄。故選C項(xiàng)。 14. A. narrow B. shallow C. close D. severe 【解析】選C。close緊密的, 接近的; 日本是世界上生活節(jié)奏最快的國(guó)家, 美國(guó)緊隨其后排名第二。 15. A. mood B. address C. reference D. list 【解析】選D。list名單, 意大利和印度尼西亞在名單的最后。故D正確。 16. A. take over B. care about C. reply to D. answer for 【解析】選B?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。take over接管; care about關(guān)心; reply to回答; answer for回應(yīng)。句意: 印尼人不關(guān)心他們的時(shí)間, 故選B。 17. A. Off B. Among C. Despite D. Besides 【解析】選B?？疾檎Z(yǔ)境邏輯。句意: 在美國(guó)的城市中, 波士頓和堪薩斯城是節(jié)奏最快的。among表示三者及三者以上的事物之間, 故B正確。 18. A. ruined B. acplished C. erased D. deserved 【解析】選D。考查語(yǔ)境邏輯。根據(jù)后半句as the slowest pace of all is kept in Los Angeles. 洛杉磯是節(jié)奏最慢的美國(guó)城市, 而洛杉磯位于加利福尼亞州, 所以加利福尼亞州的慢節(jié)奏的名聲是應(yīng)得的。故D正確。 19. A. However B. Therefore C. Thus D. Rather 【解析】選A。上下句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系, 所以使用however。故A正確。 20. A. consistently B. unconsciously C. unhurriedly D. anxiously 【解析】選C。consistently一致地; unconsciously無(wú)意識(shí)地; unhurriedly不著急的; anxiously焦慮地。根據(jù)上一段“if we are smart enough, we should not live by the clock only when we have to. ”我們可以推斷: 我不緊不慢去赴約, 故C正確。 Ⅲ. 語(yǔ)法填空 　　閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 (xx洛陽(yáng)模擬) 　　In the middle of April, if you walk through Jinghong, 1. ________capital of Xishuangbanna region in Yunnan Province, 2. ________(chance)are that you’ll get very, very wet. The Dai people will be celebrating their water-splashing festival from April 15 to 17, marking the new year for the Dai ethnic minority. 　　Lonely Planet, one of the world’s 3. ________(large)travel brands, has described what happens: “People race around the streets of Jinghong and the surrounding villages, soaking(浸透)every person 4. ________sight with buckets of water. ” 　　5. ________(tradition), water would be collected and poured only on family members as a symbolic way 6. ________(ensure)good luck in the ing year. Dai people believe that the wetter you get, the luckier you will be. 　　Although water 7. ________(play)a vital role in the celebration, there is much more to the festival, especially during the first two days 8. ________water splashing is paratively kept under control, according to Lonely Planet. People wear their best clothes, while older women in nearby villages 9. ________(dress)in special costumes. They gather with their families and visit Dai temple. There, they wash the statues of Buddha with water, a practice 10. ________(know)as“Bathing the Buddha”. 【文章大意】本文講述了云南西雙版納的傣族節(jié)日“潑水節(jié)?！? 1. 【解析】the?？疾楣谠~。特指西雙版納首府景洪。 2. 【解析】chances。考查名詞。chances are that. . . 很可能……。 3. 【解析】largest。考查形容詞。根據(jù)句意: “孤獨(dú)的星球是世界上最大的旅游品牌之一”, 這里用形容詞最高級(jí)。 4. 【解析】in?？疾榻樵~。此處表示看得見的人用in sight。 5. 【解析】Traditionally。副詞修飾整個(gè)句子。 6. 【解析】to ensure。不定式表目的。 7. 【解析】plays。句意: 盡管水在慶祝會(huì)上扮演重要角色, 但是對(duì)節(jié)日來(lái)說(shuō)還有更重要的。根據(jù)上下文可知本文用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), 故填plays。 8. 【解析】when。在這里the first two days作先行詞, 后面是定語(yǔ)從句, 先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ), 故使用when。 9. 【解析】are dressed。固定詞組be dressed in“穿著”, 再根據(jù)上下文可知本文用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), 故填are dressed。 10. 【解析】known。固定詞組be known as“作為……而出名”。 ①challenging　　 　adj. 挑戰(zhàn)性的 ②promote v. 促進(jìn) ③mutual adj. 雙方的 ④annoying adj. 惱人的 ⑤independence n. 獨(dú)立 ⑥attend to 料理 ⑦registration card 住宿登記卡 ⑧show up 現(xiàn)身 ⑨explicitly adv. 明確地 ⑩barrier n. 障礙