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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)話題語(yǔ)篇專攻練25降飲食一外研版 Ⅰ. 閱讀理解 A It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day could form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight. A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, “Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain. ”The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight. Boston University’s Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物學(xué)機(jī)制)relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers. The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight. For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one’s risk of being obese. What’s more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol, a pound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells. 【文章大意】人們普遍認(rèn)為經(jīng)常飲酒會(huì)導(dǎo)致肥胖, 但是最近研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)適量飲酒可以起到減肥的效果, 而且還可以防止糖尿病。 1. The passage is mainly for those______. A. who produce wine B. who have a drinking habit C. who go on a diet D. who are eager to lose weight 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句可知, 研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)酒也可能成為人們飲食的一部分, 適當(dāng)飲酒并不會(huì)導(dǎo)致發(fā)胖。全文都在敘述與喝酒有關(guān)的研究, 那么本文應(yīng)該是寫給那些喝酒的人的。故選B。 2. The underlined phrase“in moderation”in the first paragraph means______. A. excitedly　　　　　　B. carefully C. frequently D. properly 【解析】選D。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知, 盡管酗酒的確可以增加體重, 但是那些適當(dāng)飲酒的人實(shí)際上會(huì)減肥。根據(jù)連詞while可知上下文存在對(duì)比關(guān)系, 所以畫線部分應(yīng)該和heavy drinkers對(duì)應(yīng), 指那些適量飲酒的人。故選D。 3. What can we learn from the passage______. A. current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight B. resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of being fat C. the research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect D. the specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes, which relate to increasing obesity. ”可知Dr. Harvey Finkel指出適量飲酒對(duì)于糖尿病有保護(hù)作用。故選C。 4. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. How to do some easy experiments. B. How to reduce the calories contained in wine. C. How to prove the finding mentioned above. D. How to make wine in a healthy way. 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句“What’s more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol, a pound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells. ”可知一項(xiàng)研究表明葡萄和紅酒中存在的resveratrol實(shí)際上可以破壞脂肪細(xì)胞。那么接下來(lái)就應(yīng)該證明這一理論的正確性。故選C。 B (xx遵義模擬) Getting enough sleep on a regular basis is one important way to protect the health of your heart. Poor sleep is associated with a range of cardiovascular(心血管的)problems, including high blood pressure, heart attack, and heart failure. Both men and women are at increased risk for these conditions. But we continue to learn that when it es to health problems associated with sleep, the particular risks to men and women are not always the same. A new study suggests that for women who already have heart disease, poor sleep may be particularly dangerous to their heart health. Research indicates that poor-quality sleep—and waking too early in particular—is associated with increased inflammation(炎癥)among women with heart disease. There was no similar association found for men, suggesting that women with heart disease and sleep problems may be at particular risk for inflammation that can be damaging to the heart. Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco investigated the relationship between sleep quality and inflammation linked to coronary(冠狀的)heart disease. They also sought information about how an association between sleep and inflammation might differ between men and women. Their investigation included 980 men and women at first, and 626 pleted the 5-year study. All of those included were suffering for coronary heart disease. The average age of men in the study was 66. Women were slightly younger, with an average age of 64. Researchers measured sleep quality by asking participants to rate their sleep over the previous month. They also asked for reports of some of the most mon sleep problems, including difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, waking frequently throughout the night, and waking too early in the morning. After 5 years, researchers repeated tests for inflammation and once again sought reports on sleep quality and sleep problems. When they analyzed data for both men and women together, researchers found no links between inflammations and sleep quality. However, when they analyzed data taking gender(性別)into account, researchers found a relationship between inflammation and sleep existed for women, but not for men. 【文章大意】一項(xiàng)新的研究表明, 對(duì)于已經(jīng)患有心臟病的女性來(lái)說(shuō), 睡眠不足可能對(duì)她們的心臟健康特別的危險(xiǎn)。 5. When a person suffers from sleep disorder______. A. he/she is sure to have cardiovascular problems B. he/she may be in a state of poor health C. he/she must be in danger of heart disease D. he/she might get on poorly with others 【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Poor sleep is associated with a range of cardiovascular problems, including high blood pressure, heart attack, and heart failure. 可知睡眠不好, 他/她可能處于一種健康狀況不佳的狀態(tài), 故選B。 6. The researchers did the study______. A. to find a cure for women with heart disease B. to know what contributes to inflammation C. to look into the relationship between sleep quality and inflammation D. to track the lifestyle of men and women 【解析】選C。目的意圖題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco investigated the relationship between sleep quality and inflammation linked to coronary heart disease. 可知是為了調(diào)查睡眠質(zhì)量與炎癥的關(guān)系。故選C。 7. Which of the following is the suitable title for the passage? A. Poor Sleep Results in Problems Only for Adults B. Lack of Sleep Can Lead to Much Inflammation C. Sleep Loss Is to Increase Anxiety Disorders D. Women’s Sleep Habits May Affect Heart Health 【解析】選D。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句A new study suggests that for women who already have heart disease, poor sleep may be particularly dangerous to their heart health. 一項(xiàng)新的研究表明, 對(duì)于已經(jīng)患有心臟病的女性來(lái)說(shuō), 睡眠不足可能對(duì)她們的心臟健康特別的危險(xiǎn)。故選D。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 A Race Against Death It was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow. On the 20th of that month, Dr. Welch__1__a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious(傳染的)disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be__2__if it struck the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. __3__, the closest supply was over 1, 000 miles away, in Anchorage. How could the medicine get to Nome? The town’s__4__was already full of ice, so it couldn’t e by ship. Cars and horses couldn’t travel on the__5__roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didn’t exist yet. __6__January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were__7__. Nome’s town officials came up with a(n)__8__. They would have the medicine sent by__9__from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogsled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—known as“mushers”—would__10__it to Nome in a relay(接力). The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. __11__he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon’s face was black from the extreme cold. On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to__12__a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most__13__part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. He would__14__, and so would the sick children of Nome. But Seppala made it across. A huge snowstorm hit on February 1. A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm. At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his__15__. He had to leave the trail(雪橇路線)to get around them. Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to__16__the trail again. The only hope was Balto, Kaasen’s lead dog. Balto put his nose to the ground, __17__to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome. The minutes passed by. Suddenly, Balto began to__18__. He had found the trail. At 5: 30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog__19__in Nome. Within minutes, Dr. Welch had the medicine. He quickly gave it to the sick children. All of them recovered. Nome had been__20__. 【文章大意】文章講述了一個(gè)人們接力運(yùn)送藥物來(lái)救患病兒童的感人故事。 1. A. examined B. warned C. interviewed D. cured 【解析】選A。Dr. Welch在檢查患病兒童, 并發(fā)現(xiàn)Billy患上了一種傳染病。故選A。 2. A. harmless B. helpless C. fearless D. careless 【解析】選B。如果疾病在小鎮(zhèn)蔓延, 這里的孩子們會(huì)很無(wú)助(helpless)。故選B。 3. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However 【解析】選D。根據(jù)上文Nome這個(gè)地方急需藥品以及下文提到最近的可以取到藥品的地方也在一千多千米之外, 可知前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。因此選D。 4. A. airport B. station C. harbor D. border 【解析】選C。根據(jù)“so it couldn’t e by ship”可知, 這里指港口(harbor)結(jié)冰。故選C。 5. A. narrow B. snowy C. busy D. dirty 【解析】選B。根據(jù)第一段可知, 大雪覆蓋了道路, 汽車和馬都不能通行。故選B。 6. A. From B. On C. By D. After 【解析】選C。到一月二十六日, Bill和其他三個(gè)孩子已經(jīng)病死了。故選C。 7. A. tired　 B. upset C. pale D. sick 【解析】選D?？疾檎Z(yǔ)境邏輯。四個(gè)孩子相繼去世, 還有二十多個(gè)患病(sick)。故選D。 8. A. plan B. excuse C. message D. topic 【解析】選A。當(dāng)?shù)氐墓賳T想到了一個(gè)計(jì)劃。故選A。 9. A. air B. rail C. sea D. road 【解析】選B。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)下一段“from the train at Nenana”可知, 藥物被用火車運(yùn)到Nenana。故選B。 10. A. carry B. return C. mail D. give 【解析】選A。然后再由乘坐狗拉雪橇的人把藥物接力送到諾姆, carry運(yùn)送, 攜帶。 11. A. Though B. Since C. When D. If 【解析】選C。當(dāng)他把藥物交給下一個(gè)人時(shí), 他的臉已經(jīng)被凍得烏青。故選C。 12. A. enter　 B. move C. visit D. cross 【解析】選D。根據(jù)“Norton Sound was covered with ice”可知, Norton Sound是一片冰凍的水域, Seppala必須穿過(guò)(cross)這片水域。故選D。 13. A. shameful B. boring C. dangerous D. foolish 【解析】選C。根據(jù)“which could sometimes break up without warning”可知, 這是路途中最危險(xiǎn)的一部分。故選C。 14. A. escape B. bleed C. swim D. die 【解析】選D。一旦Norton Sound破裂坍塌, Seppala可能會(huì)掉到冰水里死掉。故選D。 15. A. memory B. exit C. way D. destination 【解析】選C。巨大的雪堆一度擋住了Kaasen前進(jìn)的路。memory回憶; exit出口; way路; destination目的地。故選C。 16. A. find B. fix C. pass D. change 【解析】選A。根據(jù)上文Kaasen離開雪橇的路線可知, 當(dāng)時(shí)環(huán)境太糟糕, 使Kaasen不可能再次找回雪橇的路線。find找到; fix安裝; pass通過(guò); change改變。故選A。 17. A. pretending B. trying C. asking D. learning 【解析】選B。Kaasen的雪橇狗努力嗅著其他狗的味道。pretend假裝; try努力; ask問, 要求; learn學(xué)會(huì)。故選B。 18. A. run B. leave C. bite D. play 【解析】選A。Kaasen的雪橇狗找到了路線, 開始奔跑起來(lái), 故選A。 19. A. gathered B. stayed C. camped D. arrived 【解析】選D。這里指終于到達(dá)諾姆小鎮(zhèn), arrive in someplace“到達(dá)某地”, 故選D。 20. A. controlled B. saved C. founded D. developed 【解析】選B。所有的孩子得到了救治, 諾姆小鎮(zhèn)得救了。control控制; save拯救; found建立; develop發(fā)展。故選B。 Ⅲ. 語(yǔ)法填空 　　閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 (xx揭陽(yáng)模擬) Many teens in high school want to try out for sports because they think it will make them more popular. There are lots of other benefits 1. ________sports that teens may overlook(忽視). With TV, movies, puters, and video games 2. ________(bee)more and more popular, it has bee much 3. ________(easy)for teens to be by themselves rather than going out with friends. Kids used to hang out at the mall or drive around the town; now they just sit at home. Getting teens into a sport gives them 4. ________opportunity to go out and socialize. 5. ________they may not find a new best friend, they will learn how to interact and work as a team, something that they’ll find 6. ________(use)later in life. More and more kids are being overweight. If teens see that their physical condition is causing them to perform 7. ________(bad), they may 8. ________ (motivate)to do other activities to get healthy. When your child 9. ________ (reach)their teenager year, part of good parenting will provide them with direction and 10. ________(encourage)and continue to help them develop a healthy style of living. 【文章大意】很多年輕人喜歡體育鍛煉, 因?yàn)檫@樣可以讓他們受歡迎, 文章介紹了鍛煉的其他好處。 1. 【解析】from。句意: 體育鍛煉的其他很多益處可能都被年輕人忽視了。使用短語(yǔ)benefit from“從……中獲益”。故填from。 2. 【解析】being?？疾閣ith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu), 因?yàn)橘e語(yǔ)TV, movies, puters, and video games和bee是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填being。 3. 【解析】easier。much修飾形容詞比較級(jí), 表示“……得多”。故填easier。 4. 【解析】an。泛指“一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)”用不定冠詞, 而且opportunity是元音音素開頭的單詞。故填an。 5. 【解析】Although/Though。雖然他們可能沒有找到新的最好的朋友, 但是他們將學(xué)會(huì)怎么和團(tuán)隊(duì)互動(dòng)、協(xié)作。這兩句話是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填A(yù)lthough/Though。 6. 【解析】useful。they’ll find______是定語(yǔ)從句, 修飾something, something作定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ), 所填詞是something的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 用use的形容詞。故填useful。 7. 【解析】badly。修飾動(dòng)詞perform用副詞。故填badly。 8. 【解析】be motivated。they和motivate是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, may后面用動(dòng)詞原形。故填be motivated。 9. 【解析】reaches。根據(jù)主句“part of good parenting will provide them with direction”用一般將來(lái)時(shí), 可知從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主語(yǔ)是your child。故填reaches。 10. 【解析】encouragement。和direction并列故填encouragement。 ①put on weight　　　　 　增胖 ②moderate adj. 適度的; 有節(jié)制的 ③protect against 保護(hù)……免受…… ④take into consideration 將……考慮在內(nèi) ⑤tendency n. 趨勢(shì) ⑥infectious adj. 傳染的 ⑦recover vt. 恢復(fù)