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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習 第一部分 微專題強化練 一 語法必備1 冠詞 一、單句填空 1．(xx浙江，2改編)Janes grandmother had wanted to write ________ childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way. 答案：a；the　句意：簡的祖母多年來一直想寫一本兒童讀物，但是一件接一件的事情總是妨礙她寫書。childrens book的中心詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞且第一次出現(xiàn)，并且此處表泛指，故其前需加不定冠詞；in the way為固定搭配，意為“擋道，礙事”。 2．(xx新課標Ⅰ，63)Now, years later, this river is one of ________ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. 答案：the　形容詞最高級前用定冠詞。句意：現(xiàn)在，數(shù)年之后，這條河是環(huán)境保護最典型的例子之一?？崭窈蟛糠值闹行脑~是名詞examples，再由one of...可知，這里的most表示比較意義；形容詞最高級前用定冠詞the。 3．(xx廣東，23改編)She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ________ top floor. 答案：the　top“頂端的，最高的”，只修飾名詞，前面用定冠詞。on the top floor “在頂樓”。 4．(xx天津，8改編)Life is like ________ ocean: Only ________ strongwilled can reach the other shore. 答案：an；the　第一個空表示泛指，且ocean以元音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞an；形容詞前用定冠詞表示一類人，the strongwilled意為“意志堅強的人”。 5．(xx浙江，2改編)The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ________ week, often long into________night. 答案：a；the　seven days a week意為“整個星期，一周七天”，long into the night意為“直到深夜”，是固定短語。 6．(xx重慶，6改編)I cant tell you ________ way to the Wilsons because we dont have ________ Wilson here in the village. 答案：the；a　way后有介詞短語作定語，表特指，所以第一空填定冠詞the；泛指“一個名叫Wilson的人”，第二空填不定冠詞a。 7．(xx陜西，19改編)________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town. 答案：The；a　village后有定語從句修飾，是特指，故第一空填定冠詞；泛指“一座城鎮(zhèn)”，故第二空填不定冠詞a。 8．(xx江西，22改編)They chose Tom to be ________ captain of the team because they knew he was ________ smart leader. 答案：the；a　第一空后面的名詞captain“隊長”后面有介詞短語of the team修飾，表示特指，所以使用定冠詞the；第二空后的可數(shù)名詞leader前面有形容詞smart修飾，用a表示泛指。 9．(xx新課標Ⅱ，13改編)Four and ________ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and ________ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar. 答案：a；a　句意：四個半小時的討論讓我們到了午夜，我們稍微休息了一下，吃了奶酪、巧克力并且喝了加糖的茶。兩空前加不定冠詞a，都為固定搭配。 10．(xx浙江，15改編)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning. 答案：a；an　第一空a preference表示“一種傾向性的喜好”，用不定冠詞a表示“一個，一種”的概念，同時have/develop a preference for sth.也可以看作固定詞組，表示“對某物偏好，喜愛”；而第二空at an early age是固定詞組，意為“在幼年時期”，也表示“一個，一種”的概念。 11．(xx天津六校聯(lián)考改編)________ news of the mayors ing to our school for a visit was given out on the radio yesterday. 答案：The　句意為：市長來我們學校參觀的新聞昨天通過收音機發(fā)布了。名詞news后有介詞短語修飾，起限定作用，表特指，故填the。 12．(xx浙江杭州質(zhì)檢改編)In Germany, ________ successful project, which roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”， has been running with a great success. 答案：a　句意為：在德國，一個名為“領養(yǎng)祖父母”的項目已成功運行。project為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，此處意為“一個成功的項目”，表泛指。故填不定冠詞a。 13．(xx陜西寶雞中學期中改編)—Mom, why cant I have ________ new bike? —Dear, you know, money doesnt grow on trees. 答案：a　句意為：——媽媽，我為什么不能要一輛新自行車？——親愛的，你要知道，賺錢可不是件容易的事。bike為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，是首次提到，此處表泛指，故用不定冠詞a。 14．(xx安徽江淮十校聯(lián)考改編)________ wish always remains unrealistic that you can e first in the final exam when you make no efforts at all. 答案：The　句意為：你不付出任何努力而想在期末考試中得第一名的愿望是不現(xiàn)實的。wish后有that引導的同位語從句修飾，表特指，故填定冠詞The。 15．(xx廣東中山七校聯(lián)考改編)Your son is in great danger and he needs ________ immediate operation which costs 48,000 yuan. 答案：an　句意為：你的兒子很危險，他需要緊急手術，費用為48,000元。operation為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，且immediate為元音音素開頭，故填不定冠詞an。 16．(xx河北名校聯(lián)盟質(zhì)檢改編)Id like to buy ________ puter. Could you please give me some advice? 答案：a　句意為：我想買一臺電腦，你能給我一些建議嗎？puter為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，此處表不確定的事物，表泛指，故填不定冠詞a。 17．(xx浙江嘉興五校聯(lián)考改編)Zinio is ________ platform for digital magazines, with more than 5,500 magazines from a wide range of publishers. 答案：a　句意為：Zinio是一個電子雜志平臺，擁有來自各出版商所提供的5,500多本雜志。platform是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，此處指“一個平臺”，表泛指，故填不定冠詞a。 18．(xx江西南昌高三一模)What if your first choice is wrong? If so, just give yourself ________ second chance. 答案：a　句意：如果你的第一次選擇錯誤怎么辦？如果是這樣，要再給自己一次機會。序數(shù)詞前加不定冠詞表示“再一，又一”，所以填不定冠詞a。 19．(xx福建廈門模擬改編)—Would you mind giving me advice on how to improve my record? —If you make ________ most of your potential, there will be a rise in your achievement. 答案：the　句意為：——給我一些建議使我提高記錄好嗎？——如果你充分利用自己的潛能，你的成績就會提高。make the most of是固定短語，意為“充分利用”，故填定冠詞the。 20．(xx浙江溫州十校聯(lián)考改編)With the development of society, our country is badly in need of those with ________ better mand of puter skills. 答案：a　句意為：隨著社會的發(fā)展，我們國家非常需要那些可以進行電腦操作的人才。with a mand of...為慣用搭配，意為“掌握……”，故填不定冠詞a。 二、單句改錯 1．(xx新課標Ⅱ，5)This custom soon became another meal of day. 答案：day前加the　day此處意為“時期，時代”，特指某一時期，故用定冠詞the。 2．(xx四川，7)The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the test. 答案：same前加the　same意為“相同的，同樣的”，其前必須有定冠詞the。 3．(xx浙江，7)Tomorrow is first day of school. 答案：first前加the或my　表示順序的序數(shù)詞前要加定冠詞或物主代詞、名詞所有格等限定詞。 4．(xx浙江，10)As a result, nobody knew truth. 答案：truth前加the　特指前面提到的事情的真相，因此用定冠詞the。 5．(xx新課標Ⅰ)As result, the plants are growing everywhere. 答案：As后加a　as a result意為“結果，因此”，是固定短語。 6．(xx新課標Ⅰ)Now Im living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside. 答案：countryside前加the　in the countryside意為“在農(nóng)村”，是固定短語。 7．(xx云南昆明質(zhì)檢)I think it good habit that in our spare time we read more books of great use. 答案：good前加a　habit意為“習慣”，是可數(shù)名詞，此處為泛指，故用不定冠詞a修飾。 8．(xx甘肅武威一模)Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in a ordinary school. 答案：第二個a→an　ordinary是以元音音素開頭的形容詞，故其前應用不定冠詞an。 9．(xx遼寧葫蘆島一模)Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years. It came suddenly and went on for over three hours. 答案：a→the　根據(jù)in years可知，此處表示“最嚴重的暴風雨”，形容詞最高級前應加定冠詞the。 10．(xx河南開封二模)When children are ill, I try my best to take a good care of them. 答案：去掉good前的a　take good care of...為固定搭配，意為“精心照顧……”，care前不加冠詞。 三、語法填空 (xx濟南市二模) Doctors have been warning for years that secondhand smoke leads to many types of illness.__1__，many children around the world live in areas where adults __2__(regular)smoke. A journal __3__(call)Annals of Family Medicine recently published an article，__4__ called for doctors to start treating childrens contact to secondhand smoke as abuse.In that case，contact to secondhand smoke would be viewed much like physical abuse or neglect.The author of the article，Dr.Adam Goldstein，is __5__ professor at University of North Carolina School of Medicine.He says secondhand smoke __6__(cause)many diseases in children. The U．S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention agree that secondhand smoke can cause serious health problems in children.They say that pared to children who grow up in homes __7__ smokers，children with parents who smoke have smaller lungs and __8__(many)illnesses. However，several organizations for smokers rights in the U．S.say people have __9__ right to smoke in their own homes.Dr.Adam Goldstein has warned tobacco panies are trying to avoid and even weaken antitobacco laws，and the fight is going to be difficult.But he added，“We should not give up __10__ we make sure tobacco industry goes out of business.” 1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ 答案： 文章大意：吸二手煙的危害顯而易見。人們應該對此多加關注。 1．However　考查連詞。前后句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關系， 空后有逗號，所以填however。 2．regularly　考查形容詞與副詞。此處修飾動詞smoke，故用副詞。 3．called　考查非謂語動詞。journal與call之間構成邏輯上的動賓關系，所以用過去分詞。 4．which　考查定語從句。從句中缺少主語，所以填關系代詞；先行詞是article，所以填which或that；再由逗號可知，此處是非限制性定語從句，所以填which而非that。 5．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。Dr.Adam Goldstein是University of North Carolina School of Medicine的一位教授，此處表泛指，所以填不定冠詞。 6．causes　考查時態(tài)。此處是該教授說的研究結果，所以具有真理性，故用一般現(xiàn)在時；主語是secondhand smoke，所以用單數(shù)第三人稱。 7．without　考查介詞。此處是兩組人員比較，一組是父母吸煙的，一組是父母不吸煙的。所以填without，與后一句中的with反義對應。 8．more　考查比較級。此處與前面的smaller照應，所以使用比較級。 9．the　考查冠詞。have the right to do sth.有做某事的權利。 10．until/before　考查連詞。句意：直到煙草公司關閉我們才會停止戰(zhàn)斗。 四、短文改錯 (xx日照市二模) My grandparents live in the countryside.They keep a dog calling Ah Bao.One day my grandparents go to work in the fields，taking along my little brother and Ah Bao.My brother and Ah Bao came to a river nearby and enjoyed himself. My brother was trying to catch a butterfly while he fell into a river.Ah Bao barked and immediate jumped into a water.Hearing about him barking，my grandparents hurried there and saw Ah Bao swimming towards the bank carrying my brother. Ah Bao did all he could save my little brother，that moved all the people present.Everyone praised Ah Bao for his brave and kindness. 答案： My grandparents live in the countryside.They keep a dog Ah Bao.One day my grandparents to work in the fields，taking along my little brother and Ah Bao.My brother and Ah Bao came to a river nearby and enjoyed . My brother was trying to catch a butterfly he fell into a river.Ah Bao barked and jumped into water.Hearing about him barking，my grandparents hurried there and saw Ah Bao swimming towards the bank carrying my brother. Ah Bao did all he could save my little brother， moved all the people present.Everyone praised Ah Bao for his and kindness. 解析： 第一處：calling→called　考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)dog是call的動作承受者，應用過去分詞作定語。 第二處：go→went　考查時態(tài)。由全文可知，應該使用一般過去時。 第三處：himself→themselves　考查代詞。根據(jù)該句的主語my brother and Ah Bao判斷反身代詞應用themselves。 第四處：while→when　考查連詞。be doing...when...是固定句式，意為“正在做……(就在這時)突然……”。 第五處：immediate→immediately　考查形容詞與副詞。修飾動詞jumped應該用副詞。 第六處：a→the　考查冠詞。river在前文已經(jīng)提到，應用定冠詞表特指。 第七處：去掉about　考查介詞。hear聽到；hear about聽說。此處是hear sb doing聽到某人正在做某事。 第八處：could后加to　考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了救那個小男孩，Ah Bao盡了最大的努力。由句意可知，此處使用不定式作目的狀語。 第九處：that→which　考查定語從句。此處是非限制性定語從句，不能用that引導。 第十處：brave→bravery　考查名詞。分析句子， his后應加名詞形式，與and后的kindness并列。