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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 完型填空 專(zhuān)題四 說(shuō)明文素能特訓(xùn) Ⅰ.完形填空 [xx云南師大附中適應(yīng)考試]Visitors to the dry, hot Sonoran Desert of the southern Arizona and northern Mexico are amazed at the manyarmed giants. They are the saguaro cacti (樹(shù)形仙人掌), a giant which gives the landscape its __1__ appearance. In the dry desert the saguaro cacti can live for more than 200 years, grow to a __2__ of 60 feet, and have as many as 50 arms. More __3__， the saguaro cacti still persist despite the unbearable desert climate. Those that have grown to old age have __4__ droughts, freezes, flash floods, and bush fires as well as the __5__ caused by groups of rats that eat their seedlings (秧苗). Like all other desert __6__， these leafless giants can store water for use during the deserts long dry seasons by __7__ water through their long roots. Naturally, the great saguaro cacti are a(n) __8__ part of the desert life. Actually the giants may be __9__ to many animals, including woodpeckers, owls, doves, bats and insects. In addition, after a saguaro __10__ the age of 50 or so, coldresistant flowers __11__ at the top of the plants once a year. These flowers __12__ birds, bats and bees, which e for the honey and for the tasty flowers with their black seeds. __13__ the splendid saguaros are plentiful in the Southwest, they are unfortunately __14__. These giant cacti have great value in landscape gardening, and the thieves can earn thousands of dollars by uprooting and __15__ them to nurseries (苗圃). To protect these southwestern __16__， agents for the Arizona Department of Agriculture go around and __17__ the desert. Its a most important job though a hard one. But without the saguaro cacti, many desert animals would suffer a lack of __18__ and loss of nesting sites. The Southwest, too, would __19__ something of unique importance, since these desert giants have bee a __20__ of the dry region. 本文是一篇環(huán)境類(lèi)的說(shuō)明文。文章從奇特的形狀、生活特性、經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值等方面介紹了Sonoran Desert(索諾蘭沙漠)的標(biāo)志性植物——樹(shù)形仙人掌。 1．A.general B．basic C．unique D．lovely 答案：C　根據(jù)下文可知，樹(shù)形仙人掌有多達(dá)50個(gè)手形分支，所以形狀“獨(dú)特”，故選unique“獨(dú)特的”。general“普通的”；basic“基本的”；lovely“可愛(ài)的”。 2．A.length B．height C．size D．width 答案：B　根據(jù)前面的“giant”及后面的“60 feet”可知，此處表示的是“高度”，因此選height。length“長(zhǎng)度”；size“尺寸”；width“寬度”。 3．A.pleasingly B．inspiringly C．interestingly D．a(chǎn)mazingly 答案：D　根據(jù)上文可知，游客對(duì)樹(shù)形仙人掌的形狀驚訝不已，現(xiàn)在更令人驚訝的是它們的適應(yīng)能力，因此選amazingly。pleasingly“令人愉快地”；inspiringly“鼓舞人心地”；interestingly“有趣地”。 4．A.lived through B．broken through C．cut through D．got through 答案：A　根據(jù)上下文可知，樹(shù)形仙人掌“經(jīng)歷”了惡劣環(huán)境的考驗(yàn)，live through“經(jīng)歷”符合語(yǔ)境。break through“突破”；cut through“抄近路穿過(guò)，走近路”；get through“接通電話(huà)，通過(guò)考試”。 5．A.crisis B．damage C．destruction D．load 答案：B　除了惡劣的氣候外，樹(shù)形仙人掌還要遭受老鼠的“破壞”，因此選damage。crisis“危機(jī)”；destruction“毀滅”；load“負(fù)擔(dān)”。 6．A.plants B．lives C．a(chǎn)nimals D．creatures 答案：A　像沙漠里其他所有的“植物”一樣，因此選plants。life“生命”；animal“動(dòng)物”；creature“生物”。 7．A.pouring B．squeezing C．pumping D．a(chǎn)bsorbing 答案：D　樹(shù)形仙人掌通過(guò)它們的長(zhǎng)根莖吸收水。absorb“吸收”，符合語(yǔ)境。pour“倒，灌”；squeeze“擠壓”；pump“抽出”。 8．A.independent B．vital C．original D．mysterious 答案：B　根據(jù)下文可知，作為許多動(dòng)物賴(lài)以生存的食物和家園，樹(shù)形仙人掌是沙漠“極為重要的”部分，因此選vital“極重要的”。independent“獨(dú)立的”；original“原始的”；mysterious“神秘的”。 9．A.spot B．field C．home D．camp 答案：C　根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“But without the saguaro cacti...loss of nesting sites”可知，樹(shù)形仙人掌可能是許多動(dòng)物的棲息地。因此選home“家園”。spot“地點(diǎn)”；field“田地”；camp“營(yíng)地”。 10．A.turns B．takes C．meets D．gains 答案：A　樹(shù)形仙人掌長(zhǎng)到50歲左右。此處選turn“到(某年齡或某個(gè)時(shí)間)”，其后直接跟數(shù)字。take“帶走”；meet“遇到”；gain“獲得”。 11．Ae up B．e out C．show off D．show up 答案：B　根據(jù)上下文可知，這里指樹(shù)形仙人掌開(kāi)花了，因此選e out“(花朵)開(kāi)放”。e up“走近，被提出”；show off“炫耀”；show up“露面，到達(dá)”。 12．A.call B．trap C．fascinate D．stick 答案：C　根據(jù)下文中的“which e for the honey”可知，樹(shù)形仙人掌的花吸引了一些動(dòng)物，因此此處選fascinate“迷住，深深吸引”。call“召集”；trap“困住”；stick“粘”。 13．A.As B．But C．Although D．Yet 答案：C　盡管在西南這壯麗的樹(shù)形仙人掌很多，但它們卻面臨著危險(xiǎn)。逗號(hào)前后表示讓步關(guān)系，although“盡管”，符合語(yǔ)境。as“因?yàn)椤保籦ut“但是”；yet“然而”。 14．A.in danger B．in demand C．in need D．in control 答案：A　根據(jù)上題解析可知，此處應(yīng)選in danger“處于危險(xiǎn)之中”。in demand“需求大，受歡迎”；in need“需要”；in control“掌管”。 15．A.exchanging B．trading C．offering D．selling 答案：D　根據(jù)空格前的“These giant cacti have great value in landscape gardening, and the thieves can earn thousands of dollars”可知，樹(shù)形仙人掌被偷去賣(mài)錢(qián)，sell“賣(mài)”，符合語(yǔ)境。exchange“交換”；trade“從事貿(mào)易，以物易物”；offer“提供”。 16．A.treasures B．decorations C．possessions D．creations 答案：A　根據(jù)全文可知，樹(shù)形仙人掌是應(yīng)該受到保護(hù)的沙漠珍寶，treasure“珍寶”，符合語(yǔ)境。decoration“裝飾”；possession “擁有物”；creation“發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造”。 17．A.look over B．hand over C．watch over D．turn over 答案：C　為了保護(hù)這些珍寶，Arizona農(nóng)業(yè)部派代理人保護(hù)沙漠。因此選watch over“監(jiān)督，保護(hù)”。look over“瀏覽，迅速地檢查”；hand over“移交”；turn over“翻轉(zhuǎn)”。 18．A.food B．scenery C．water D．flavor 答案：A　根據(jù)第三段的最后一句可知，樹(shù)形仙人掌還是動(dòng)物們的食物。沒(méi)有了它們，就意味著“食物”的短缺，因此此處選food。scenery“風(fēng)景”；water“水”；flavor“味道”。 19．A.affect B．a(chǎn)bandon C．increase D．lose 答案：D　西南部也將失去這些極具重要性的東西，因此此處選lose。affect“影響”；abandon“遺棄，放棄”；increase“增加”。 20．A.signal B．sign C．mark D．symbol 答案：D　這些沙漠巨型植物已經(jīng)變成了這個(gè)干燥區(qū)域的標(biāo)志。根據(jù)句意可知，此處選symbol“標(biāo)志”。signal“信號(hào)”；sign“征兆”；mark“記號(hào)”。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 [xx江西南昌調(diào)研] Voice and onscreen directions TeleNav GPS Navigator (導(dǎo)航儀) is easy to use as you drive, and it will give you all the information you need, such as： ?The current street ?The next turn to take ?The next street to turn on to ?The number of miles left on your trip Along the way, directions will be announced in a clear voice and displayed on your phone. For example, it will say, “Go 12 miles and turn right on Elm Street.” As you approach the turn, you will hear, “Turn right on Elm Street.” Hit the road by previewing your route before you go. You even get the total distance and estimate of the travel time to your destination. Biz(行業(yè)) finder With TeleNav GPS Navigator, its easy to find restaurants, banks, cafes, hotels and more from over 10 million points of interest. Once youve found what you are looking for, you can use TeleNav to get directions or to call ahead to make a reservation. List price: $199.99; our price: $142.77. ments from users “Its easy to use. The voice that tells you the turn directions－with names and streets－is clear and easy to understand.” ——Dory Delvin “TeleNav helps professionals on the road make the most of their time.” ——Dale Hein 這是一則廣告，廣告主要向人們推薦一種導(dǎo)航儀，并介紹了它的功能、價(jià)格以及顧客的好評(píng)。 1．If you buy ten TeleNav GPS Navigators, you can save ________. A．$142.77 B．$572.2 C．$552.2 D．$420 答案：B　考查數(shù)字計(jì)算。根據(jù)文章中的“List price：$199.99; our price：$142.77”可知，買(mǎi)一臺(tái)TeleNav導(dǎo)航儀可以節(jié)省$57.22,10臺(tái)可以節(jié)省$57.2210＝$572.2，即B項(xiàng)正確。 2．The author quotes customers ments in the ad to________. A．teach people how to use the product correctly B．describe how to make the most of the product C．convince people of the products top quality D．persuade people not to use paper maps 答案：C　考查推理判斷。廣告中作者引用顧客的好評(píng)是為了讓人們相信該產(chǎn)品頂級(jí)的質(zhì)量，然后去購(gòu)買(mǎi)這一產(chǎn)品。故選C項(xiàng)。 3．How does TeleNav GPS Navigator give users directions? A．By speaking and shaking. B．By displaying and writing. C．By shaking and displaying. D．By speaking and displaying. 答案：D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章中“Voice and onscreen directions”下的“Along the way, directions will be announced in a clear voice and displayed on your phone”可知，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。 4．________ is not a feature of the TeleNav GPS Navigator. A．Finding out how much gas is left in your car B．Guiding you to a restaurant C．Informing the left miles to your destination D．Identifying where you are 答案：A　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文中的“its easy to find restaurants”“The number of miles left on your trip”及“The current street”可知，B、C、D三項(xiàng)都是TeleNav導(dǎo)航儀的特點(diǎn)，A項(xiàng)在文中未提及，故選A項(xiàng)。 1．current adj./n. 現(xiàn)在的；流通的；電流 2．display vt./n. 陳列；展覽 3．preview vt. 預(yù)覽；預(yù)習(xí) 4．distance n. 距離；遠(yuǎn)方；間隔 5．destination n. 目的地 1．make a reservation 預(yù)約；預(yù)定 2．make the most of 充分利用；十分重視 原文：Once youve found what you are looking for, you can use TeleNav to get directions or to call ahead to make a reservation. (once引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句) 譯文：一旦你發(fā)現(xiàn)你所尋找的，你就可以用TeleNav指引方向或提前打電話(huà)預(yù)約。 仿寫(xiě)：Once_she_makes_up_her_mind_to_do_something,_you wont change her mind. 一旦她下定決心去干什么，沒(méi)有人能改變她的主意。 B [xx河北五個(gè)一名校聯(lián)盟質(zhì)檢二] Thirteen can be a challenging age. Not only did I have to adapt to my changing body, but I also had to deal with my parents bitter divorce， a new family and the upsetting move from my country home to a crowded town. When we moved, my beloved panion, a small brown pony had to be sold. I was heartbroken and terribly lonely. I couldnt eat or sleep and cried all the time. Finally, realizing how much I missed my pony, my father bought me another horse, Cowboy. Cowboy was without doubt the ugliest horse in the world. But I didnt care. I loved him beyond all reasons. I joined a riding club. When Cowboy and I entered the events where the horse was judged by appearance, we were quickly “shown the gate”. I knew nothing could turn Cowboy into a beauty. My only chance to pete would be in the timed speed events. I chose the jumping race. For the whole next month we practiced running and jumping for hours in the hot sun and then I would walk Cowboy home, totally exhausted. All of our hard work didnt make me feel confident by the time the show came. One girl named Becky rode a big brown horse in the race events. She always won the blue ribbons. I sat at the gate and sweated all out while I watched Becky and her horse charge through the court and finish in first place. My turn finally came. At the signal, we dashed toward the first fence, jumped over it without trouble and raced on to the next one. Cowboy then flew over the second, third and fourth fences like a bird and I turned him toward the finish line. No cheers filled the air. The end of our run was met with surprising silence. Cowboy and I had beaten Becky and her fancy horse by two seconds. I gained much more than a blue ribbon that day. At thirteen, I realized that no matter what the odds are, Id always e out a winner if I wanted something badly enough to work for it. I can be the owner of my fate. 年僅13歲的作者承受著家庭的變故且失去了自己心愛(ài)的小馬，她感到痛苦、孤獨(dú)。后來(lái)，父親又給她買(mǎi)了一匹馬Cowboy，它雖長(zhǎng)得丑卻給作者帶來(lái)了許多安慰。在一場(chǎng)比賽中作者明白：只要努力奮斗，每個(gè)人都可以主宰自己的命運(yùn)。 5．Why did the author like Cowboy so much in spite of its ugliness? A．Because she loved horses more than anything else. B．Because Cowboy was a strong and smart young horse. C．Because Cowboy had a lot in mon with her pony. D．Because she was sad and lonely and needed a panion. 答案：D　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段可知，13歲的作者承受著家庭的變故；第二段中介紹作者失去棕色的小矮種馬后的傷心與孤獨(dú)，由此可推知，盡管父親給她新買(mǎi)的馬Cowboy很丑，她還是喜歡有它的陪伴，故選擇D項(xiàng)。 6．The audience fell into silence at the end of the run probably because ________. A．they didnt expect Cowboy would win the event B．they were unhappy that Becky was beaten in the event C．they didnt like Cowboy, for it was too ugly D．they never saw a horse running as fast as Cowboy 答案：A　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第六段中的“One girl named Becky rode a big brown horse in the race events. She always won the blue ribbons”和倒數(shù)第二段中的“The end of our run was met with surprising silence”可知，Becky奪冠是眾望所歸，所以當(dāng)作者和其貌不揚(yáng)的Cowboy獲勝時(shí)，人們感到非常意外，一下都變得沉默了。 7．After the petition, the author came to realize that________. A．she ought to gather the courage to solve all the problems B．it was time to forget her pony and treat Cowboy better C．she needed to work harder to win more blue ribbons D．she could be the god of her own fate if she tried hard enough 答案：D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“At thirteen, I realized that no matter what the odds are, Id always e out a winner if I wanted something badly enough to work for it. I can be the owner of my fate”可知，作者意識(shí)到自己通過(guò)足夠的努力可以主宰自己的命運(yùn)。 8．It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A．a(chǎn)ll of their hard training was totally in vain B．a(chǎn) blue ribbon must be the second highest prize C．Cowboy lost in the events of being judged by appearance D．both Becky and the author won the jumping event 答案：C　考查推理判斷。第三段的第一句表示Cowboy是世界上最丑的馬，結(jié)合第四段中的“When Cowboy and I entered the events where the horse was judged by appearance, we were quickly ‘shown the gate’”可知，在外形比賽中Cowboy輸了。 1．bitter adj. 痛苦的；尖刻的 2．ugly adj. 丑陋的 3．exhausted adj. 疲憊的；耗盡的 4．charge n．/vt. 充電，掌管；向前沖 5．gain v. 獲得；贏得 1．a(chǎn)ll the time 始終；一直 2．without doubt 無(wú)疑地；確實(shí)地 3．meet with 偶遇，經(jīng)歷；遭受 原文：Not only did I have to adapt to my changing body, but I also had to deal with my parents bitter divorce. (倒裝句) 譯文：我不僅要適應(yīng)身體上的改變，而且我還要不得不處理父母殘酷的離婚。 仿寫(xiě)：As_far_as_Im_concerned,_I think not only should_we_do_small_things_by_ourselves,_but also we ought to appeal to more people to do so. 就我個(gè)人而言，我認(rèn)為不僅我們自己應(yīng)做一些小事而且應(yīng)呼吁更多的人來(lái)這么做。 Ⅲ.七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 [xx江西師大附中鷹潭一中聯(lián)考]TV is not only a convenient and cheap service of entertainment, but also a splendid mass medium of munication. People only have to pay once to buy the TV set, then they can sit at home enjoying the items on TV. __1__TV keeps us well informed about the current events at home and abroad and the latest development in science and technology. The most distant countries and the strangest customs are brought right into our room. On TV everything is much more living and much more real.__2__ Some people even say that life without television is not worth living. __3__ They think the TV viewers need do nothing. The viewer does not even have to use his legs if he has a remote control. Many people are glued to seats to look at the movements on TV.__4__As a result, TV is taking up too much of a persons life and making him lazy, notto mention its harmful influence upon him, such as the items of violence and pornography on television in some countries. On the whole, there are more advantages than disadvantages in the use of TV.__5__But we must realize that television itself is neither good nor bad. Its value to people and society depends on how we look at it. A．A large number of TV sets are produced every year. B．All they have to do is to push a button or turn a knob,and they can see plays, films, operas and shows of every kind. C．Some people argue against TV. D．Yet different people may have different attitudes towardTV. E．They bee so dependent on its pictures that it begins to control their lives. F．As a matter of fact, it has bee so much a part of human life that a modern world without television is unimaginable. G．Most people are couch potatoes. 本文講述的是關(guān)于電視的情況：電視既是一種娛樂(lè)工具，也是一種很不錯(cuò)的信息傳媒。 1．B　上文中“People...then they...”中的代詞they與選項(xiàng)中的代詞they為關(guān)鍵信息，也是選答案時(shí)要考慮的重要信息。 2．F　上文中講述的是“電視上的一切形象逼真”，下文講述的是“沒(méi)有電視的生活便失去意義”，可知該空應(yīng)講述的是電視的特點(diǎn)。 3．C　從下文中的內(nèi)容可知，該段講述的是電視給人們帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響，故該題的答案應(yīng)為過(guò)渡句。 4．E　從首句主題可知，該段內(nèi)容講述要與“電視給人們帶來(lái)負(fù)面影響”有關(guān)，故應(yīng)選E。 5．D　上文講述的是對(duì)電視的整體評(píng)論，由下文的But一詞可知，對(duì)電視的影響觀點(diǎn)不一，故該空選D進(jìn)行過(guò)渡。 Ⅳ.書(shū)面表達(dá) [xx吉林長(zhǎng)春質(zhì)檢二]假定你是紅星中學(xué)的學(xué)生李華，你校正在開(kāi)展提高社會(huì)公德活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下列要求，用英文寫(xiě)一篇演講稿。 1．不守公德現(xiàn)象； 2.改進(jìn)的方法； 3.呼吁。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3.開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好。 Dear friends. Nowadays we can still see some behaviors against public morals. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! One possible version： Dear_friends._Nowadays_we_can_still_see_some_behaviors_against_public_morals. As is often the case, people tend to talk loud in public places, annoying others around. Spitting and littering rubbish can be seen everywhere. Whats more, its mon that the young or middleaged sit on the bus while the elderly stand. Measures must be taken to change this situation. First of all, as students, we should manage our own behaviors and help people around us form good habits. Meanwhile, it is necessary for the government and authorized organizations to encourage people to behave properly. Dont underestimate the role you can play. Do remember, we can make a difference! Take action right now! Thank_you!