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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 微專題強化練 一 語法必備9 定語從句 一、單句填空 1．(xx天津，15改編)The boss of the pany is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________his employees enjoy their work. 答案：where　本句中定語從句“his employees enjoy their work”不缺主賓表，先行詞為atmosphere，表示“氣氛，氛圍”。將“in＋先行詞atmosphere”還原回從句中成立，因此答案為where。 2．(xx陜西，15改編)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ________he should be able to be independent. 答案：when　分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是定語從句，先行詞為time。定語從句為空格后句子，缺少時間狀語，用when引導(dǎo)。句意：作為家里最小的孩子，亞歷克斯總是渴望他應(yīng)該能獨立的時候。 3. (xx安徽，28改編)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends. 答案：which　本句為定語從句。引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中位于介詞upon的后面作賓語，故用關(guān)系代詞且指代先行詞the fundamental skill，因此用which。 4．(xx湖南，29改編)It is a truly delightful place, ______ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 答案：which　此句是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是place，定語從句中缺主語，故用關(guān)系代詞which。句意：這真是一個宜人的地方，這里蜿蜒的小路和美麗的小村莊一定和100年前看起來是一模一樣的。 5．(xx四川，3改編)The books on the desk，________covers are shiny，are prizes for us. 答案：whose　此句是非限制性定語從句，先行詞為the books，________和covers之間存在所有關(guān)系，意為“書的封面”。句意：桌上的書是給我們的獎勵，那些書的封面閃閃發(fā)光。根據(jù)語境填whose。 6．(xx重慶，14改編)He wrote many childrens books，nearly half of ______ were published in the 1990s. 答案：which　此句為非限制性定語從句，先行詞是childrens books，定語從句中of缺少賓語，故填which。句意：他寫了許多兒童書籍，差不多一半左右是在20世紀(jì)90年代出版的。 7．(xx福建，34改編)China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 答案：which　分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，定語從句的先行詞為整個主句內(nèi)容，從句為非限制性定語從句，缺少主語，用which引導(dǎo)。句意：《今日中國》吸引了全世界的讀者，這表明全世界越來越多的人想了解中國。 8．(xx江蘇，21改編)The number of smokers，________is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 答案：as　此句為as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。as意為“正如，正像”，在定語從句中可作主語、賓語或表語；as在這里代替整個主句的內(nèi)容；“as is reported”意為“正如被報道的那樣”。句意：正如被報道的那樣，煙民的數(shù)量在僅僅一年的時間就下降了17%。 9．(xx浙江臨海調(diào)研改編)Some passersby witnessed the car accident ________ five passengers were killed, a baby included. 答案：where　句意為：一些路人目睹了這場事故，其中有五位乘客喪生包括一個嬰兒。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)。 10．(xx江蘇無錫測試改編)“Spittake” refers to an act ________ someone spits liquid out of his or her mouth when he or she hears something funny or surprising. 答案：where　句意為：“笑噴”是指一種行為：某人在聽到有趣的或吃驚的事情后從嘴中噴出液體。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾act，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作地點狀語，因此用where引導(dǎo)。 11．(xx安徽黃山一模改編)Cultural shock is a feeling _________most travelers experience in a foreign country ________ they find the culture is quite different from that of their own. 答案：which/that；where　句意為：文化沖擊是一種大多數(shù)游客在外國會經(jīng)歷的感覺，在那里他們會感覺外國的文化和自己的(文化)有很大的不同。分析句子成分可知，兩空均引導(dǎo)定語從句，第一空的先行詞為a feeling，且在從句中作experience的賓語，因此用which引導(dǎo)；第二空的先行詞為a foreign country，在從句中作地點狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)。 12．(xx福建龍巖質(zhì)檢改編)Tibet is such a place ______ all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting. 答案：as　句意為：西藏是一個全世界所有的人都夢想游覽的地方。定語從句的先行詞為a place，其前有such修飾，引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞as。 13．(xx湖南益陽箴言中學(xué)模擬改編)Dad decided to build a small tool room with a lock, ________ he would keep his best tools so my brother couldnt reach them. 答案：where　句意為：父親決定建一個帶鎖的小工具室，把他最好的工具放到里面，這樣我弟弟就不會拿到它們了。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句；修飾先行詞a small tool room，并在從句中作地點狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)該定語從句。 14．(xx江蘇淮安第四市調(diào)研改編)In xx, such important reform policies associated with the interests of the general public were introduced in China ________ almost each person could benefit from in life. 答案：as　句意為：在xx年，關(guān)系到公眾利益的重要的改革政策被引進到中國，幾乎每一個人都能從中受益。先行詞policies前有such修飾，且引導(dǎo)詞作介詞from的賓語，因此用as引導(dǎo)。 15．(xx福建泉州五中等三校聯(lián)考改編)We expect you to bee someone of ________ well feel very proud in the future. 答案：whom　句意為：我們希望你將來能成為我們會為之驕傲的人。feel proud of意為“為……感到自豪”，引導(dǎo)詞置于介詞of后作賓語，且先行詞為someone，指人，故填whom。 16．(xx安徽合肥第一次檢測改編)The movie Pompeii came out this February, ________ many people think brings a touching love story to the audience. 答案：which　句意為：電影《龐貝末日》在今年二月上映，許多人認(rèn)為它為觀眾帶來了一個令人感動的愛情故事。逗號后為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為the movie Pompeii，many people think為插入語，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，故填which。 17．(xx山東日照一模)Anyone ________ upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses. 答案：who　句意為：任何將專業(yè)知識更新到一個新水平的人都可以申請這些課程。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞anyone，且在定語從句中作主語，一般不用that，故用who引導(dǎo)。 18．(xx安徽蚌埠第一次質(zhì)檢改編)Then he waved his hand in the direction from ________ the woman had called. 答案：which　句意為：接著他向傳來喊叫聲的那位女士的方向揮手。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞direction，且在從句中作介詞from的賓語，故填which。 19．(xx廣東肇慶二模)Will you think of those individuals________ have helped you get through difficulty when you are leading a fortable life? 答案：who/that　句意為：在你生活舒適時你會想起那些幫你度過艱難時光的人嗎？該定語從句缺少主語，先行詞為指人的individuals，故填who或that。 20．(xx遼寧朝陽三校聯(lián)考)On an autumn afternoon, we weresent to a farm ________ we learnt to plant potatoes. 答案：where　句意為：在一個秋天的下午，我們被送到一個農(nóng)場，在那里我們學(xué)習(xí)了種植土豆。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞a farm，且在從句中作地點狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)。 二、單句改錯 1．Jim passed the driving test, it surprised everybody in the office. 答案：it改為which　由逗號可知，此處是一個非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少指代前面這個句子內(nèi)容的主語，所以要用which。it無連接作用，不引導(dǎo)定語從句。 2．It is such a big stone that nobody can lift. 答案：that改為as或在lift后加it　把該句看成so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)，可以在lift后加it，把that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句補充完整。該句也可以看成一個定語從句，此時，先行詞stone前有such，所以定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用as，as在從句中充當(dāng)lift的賓語。故也可以把that改為as。 3．Which is mentioned above, our school still calls for many good teachers. 答案：Which改為As　as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句且指代整句話時的區(qū)別。as和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，都可以指代整個一句話。 as從句位置比較靈活，置前、置中或置后都可以，而which只能放在主句后面。其次，如果從句意思是“正如……，正像……”時，就用as。如果從句意思是“這一點，這”時，就用which?？傊?，位置記住，意思分清。 4．Have you noticed that small house, its roof is red? 答案：its改為whose　由逗號可知，此處是一個非限制性定語從句。所以用whose代替its，its無連接作用，不引導(dǎo)定語從句。 5．TombSweeping Day is one of Chinas traditional festivals, in which people hold memorial activities in memory of the dead. 答案：in改為on　“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的定語從句中的介詞由先行詞決定。on TombSweeping Day在清明節(jié)。 6．Believe it or not, I dont like the way which he spoke to me. 答案：which改為that/刪去which/which前加in　先行詞是way，定語從句引導(dǎo)詞可以是that/in which或者不加關(guān)系詞。 7．(xx桂林中學(xué)月考)Henry Royce did not like his car, that ran badly and often broke down. 答案：that改為which　逗號后是非限制性定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，指代先行詞car，故用which。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 8．(xx浙江省杭州市模擬)Are you facing a situation where looks impossible to fix? 答案：where改為which/that　situation后是一個定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，故用which/that。 9．(xx陜西西安高新一中大練習(xí))She is a very nice girl whom has a dream of being an actress. 答案：whom改為who/that　girl后是定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，故應(yīng)該用who/that。whom是賓格，只能作賓語。 10．(xx江西上饒六校重點中學(xué)聯(lián)考)Firstly, I will find a parttime job, probably working in a factory what is near my home. 答案：what改為which/that　factory后是定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，故用which/that。what不引導(dǎo)定語從句。 三、語法填空 There was a survey on __1__ teachers should receive presents from students among 500 teachers __2__(age) from 25 to 50. Ninety percent of them said that they would be bothered if they got presents from the students or their parents, most of __3__ hoped that parents can be rational and Teachers Day should be made ordinary. From their point of view, the reason __4__ parents try every means to give presents to teachers is that they dont have enough faith __5__the teachers if they dont do that. They also suggested that Teachers Day __6__(change) to “Teachers and Students Day”， __7__ can make teachers and students municate more __8__(equal) and openmindedly. What the teachers want most __9__(be) that all the celebration meetings should be cancelled and they are able to have a day off to do __10__ they want. 1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ 答案： 1．whether　所填詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句，不在從句中作成分，但要表達“是否”意義，所以填whether。 2．a(chǎn)ged　表示“年齡……”用aged，作teachers的定語。 3．whom　所填詞是定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，指人，而且是位于介詞of 的后面，所以填whom。 4．why　所填詞引導(dǎo)reason的定語從句，在從句中作狀語，故用why。 5．in　faith通常與介詞in搭配，表示“對……的信任”。 6．(should)be changed　由前面suggested可知。 7．which　該詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，指事物，所以應(yīng)為which。 8．equally　根據(jù)and之后與其并列的openmindedly判斷該空用副詞，修飾動詞municate。 9．is　所填詞是句子的謂語，主語是what引導(dǎo)的從句，表示抽象意義，故用is。 10．what　所填詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句并在從句中作want的賓語，故填what。 四、短文改錯 (xx浙江臨海白云中學(xué)檢測) Nowadays, afterclass activities are being more and more popular in high schools. In our school, there are various kinds of activities and we enjoyed them very much. Playing football is my favorite, which do me lots of good, such as building my body and keeping me healthy. Beside, it also frees me from the heavy work of study. Here I have some advices. To students, youd better to choose the activities which interest you and suit you; to schools, they should organize more activities for students, leave students time for activities by giving them more homework. Dear friends, please actively take part in afterclass activities, what will not only make your school life colorfully, but also improve your learning. 答案： Nowadays, afterclass activities are being more and more popular in high schools. In our school, there are various kinds of activities and we them very much. Playing football is my favorite, which me lots of good, such as building my body and keeping me healthy. ， it also frees me from the heavy work of study. Here I have some . To students, youd better to choose the activities which interest you and suit you; to schools, they should organize more activities for students, students time for activities by giving them homework. Dear friends, please actively take part in afterclass activities, will not only make your school life ， but also improve your learning. 解析： 第一處：enjoyed→enjoy　本篇文章是一篇說明文，介紹課外活動，通篇使用一般現(xiàn)在時。 第二處：do→does　定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞which代替先行詞Playing football，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 第三處：building后加up　build up為固定短語，表示“增強”。 第四處：Beside→Besides　此處應(yīng)該用副詞，表示“除此之外”，在句中作狀語。 第五處：advices→advice　advice意為“建議”，為不可數(shù)名詞，無復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第六處：去掉better后的to　had better后跟動詞原形，故將better后的to去掉。 第七處：leave→leaving　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，leave前是完整的句子，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式，leave與其邏輯主語之間為主動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。 第八處：more→less　根據(jù)句意“布置更少的作業(yè)，給學(xué)生們時間活動”可知此處用little的比較級less。 第九處：what→which　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號后為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為整個主句，因此用which引導(dǎo)。 第十處：colorfully→colorful　此處為“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用形容詞colorful修飾school life。