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The Present Perfect Tense,,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),一)構(gòu)成:,have/has+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞,,三、過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成,travelled,moved,stayed,owned,learned,visited,stopped,finished,shopped,repaired,A 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規(guī)律 1 一般情況下，動(dòng)詞詞尾加 -ed ，如： work ---worked play---played want----wanted act----acted 2、以不發(fā)音的 -e 結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞詞尾加 -d，如： live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped 3、以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把-y變?yōu)?i 再加-ed，如： study---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried 4、以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫(xiě)詞尾輔音字母，再加 -ed，如： stop ---stopped,,動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞記憶口訣： 一加ed，二加d 三要雙寫(xiě)，四注意：y變成ied. 1.work-worked open-opened answer-answered 2.hope-hoped 3.drop-dropped stop-stopped 4.study-studied,B 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞,thought,caught,given,made,written,put,cost,grown,hurt,run,felt,fallen,flown,had,drunk,brought,worn,sung,forgotten,kept,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原型-過(guò)去式-過(guò)去分詞形式：,1） AAA型(三種都一樣) 如：cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 2）ABB型(過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞相同) 如: bring-brought-brought catch caught caught lead led led,,,3） ABC型(三種都不一樣) 如：begin-began-begun grow grew grown ring rang rung break broke broken 4）ABA型(原形與過(guò)去分詞相同) 如: come-came-come become became become run ran run,,寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式. wake ______ 2. teach ______ 3. sell ________ 4. see ________ 5. ride _______ 6. pay _____ 7. choose ______ 8. throw _____ 9. think _______ 10. eat _____ 11. drive ______ 12. catch ______ 13. bring ______ 14. break ______ 15. give _______ 16. get _________ 17. know _______ 18. open _______ 19. write _______ 20. forget ________,,Woken taught Sold seen Ridden paid Chosen thrown Thought eaten Driven caught Brought broken Given gotten Known opened Written forgotten,,二) 含義:,(一)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果.它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系.常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.,,(定義二) 表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去開(kāi)始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).通常和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.,,句式構(gòu)成,1.肯定句:,S(主語(yǔ)）+have/has(助動(dòng)詞）+PP(過(guò)去分詞)+(其他）。,,2. 否定句:,S ( 語(yǔ))+have/has+not +PP(過(guò)去分詞)+(其他）。,,3.一般疑問(wèn)句,Have/has+ S (主語(yǔ))+PP(過(guò)去分詞)? Yes, S+have/has. No, S+have/hasn’t.,,（改為否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句并肯否回答) I have seen him since his wedding day.,,→I haven’t seen him since his wedding day .,→Have you seen him since his wedding day?,,,He has written to me since I have been ill.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句),→ Has he written to you since you have been ill?,→ He hasn’t written to me since I have been ill,,1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中標(biāo)志詞的用法區(qū)別,1.Already 肯定句: 句中(助后實(shí)前)/句末 “己經(jīng)”,一般疑問(wèn)句: 句末(表示驚訝的語(yǔ)氣) “難道”,Eg. I’ve already had breakfast. (更常見(jiàn)) = I’ve had breakfast already.(表示強(qiáng)調(diào)) Have you had breakfast already?,,注: 有already的句子在時(shí)態(tài)上并不都是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),判斷時(shí)要看該詞后是否有動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞. Eg. She’s already eighty years old. It was already very late.,,2. yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,否定句:句末 “還(沒(méi))”,疑問(wèn)句: 句末 “己經(jīng)”,Eg. I haven’t had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?,,注: 帶already的肯定句變成否定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí),將already要變成yet放在句末.,Eg. I have already done my homework. 否定句: 一般疑問(wèn)句:,I haven’t done my homework yet.,Have you done your homework yet?,,3. ever在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,肯定句/疑問(wèn)句 : 句中 “曾經(jīng)”,Eg. I’ve ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing?,,4. never在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,否定句: 句中 “從來(lái)沒(méi)有” Eg. I’ve never been to Beijing.,,注: 帶ever的肯定句變否定句時(shí), 要將ever變成never; 帶ever的一般疑問(wèn)句作否定回答時(shí)可用“No, never.”,Eg. He has ever made dumplings. 否定句:,Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.,He has never made dumplings.,,5. just在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,用于句中, 表示“剛剛” Eg. I’ve just had breakfast. What have they just done?,,6. before在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,用于句末, 表示“以前” Eg. I’ve seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?,,(定義二) 表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去開(kāi)始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).通常和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.,,,1.for +,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. He’s studied English for 3 years.,一段時(shí)間,,2. since +,從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí)),,,詞組,(表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn),Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,,注2): 對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn) 必須用how long, 決不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,,注3): 短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 當(dāng)然也不能用于how long引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句中. Eg.(誤)I have left there for 5 years.,,(正)I have been away there for 5 years.,,※短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換,,5.短暫動(dòng)詞和 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換,,be,be over,be back,be away (from),be open/ be closed,be on,be over,be dead,have a cold,be interested in,be married,瞬間動(dòng)詞 vs延續(xù)動(dòng)詞,,,wear/ be on,be up,be awake,be asleep,be in=be a member of,be in/at,,練習(xí),判斷：他到達(dá)車(chē)站半個(gè)小時(shí)了 He has arrived at the station for half an hour( ),He has been at the station for half an hour .or He arrived at the station half an hour ago,He _______the League since two years ago Joined B. has joined C. has been in 翻譯：這個(gè)電影已經(jīng)放映十五分鐘了 ——------------------------------------------------------------,The film has been on for fifteen minutes.,,have /has been to，have / has gone to， have / has been in的用法區(qū)別,1 “ Have /has been to+地名 ”表示曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地，說(shuō)話時(shí)已經(jīng)回到說(shuō)話地點(diǎn)，常與once 、twice、ever、never 等時(shí)間連用。 2 “ have / has gone to +地名 ”表示去某地了，現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有回答，人不在說(shuō)話地點(diǎn)。 3 “ have / has been in +地名 ”表示“在某地”。指一種存在狀態(tài) 巧記 ： been to ，gone to been in 意不同，三者用法要記清； have / has been to + 地名，曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地行； have / has gone to + 地點(diǎn)，到某地去了已走遠(yuǎn)。 have / has been in +地名， 已經(jīng)在某地了。,,,用have /has been to和have / has gone to填空 1.— Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？ — No，I . 2.— What about your sister，Lily？ — Oh，she Chengdu， she will come back next week. — Ok，thanks. — You’re welcome.,have been to,haven’t,has gone to,,四)It is +一段時(shí)間 +since+句子(一般過(guò)去時(shí)) =一段時(shí)間+has passed +since + 句子(一般過(guò)去時(shí)),Eg. It is five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army.,,練習(xí),自從我來(lái)到這正好兩天,It is just two days since I came here,Two days has passed since I came here,It___________ (be) ten years since I _________(finish) middle school.,is\has been finished,,（一）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。所以它不能和表示過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只單純表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系，可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。,,He has lived in Beijing since 1999. 自1999年以來(lái)他一直住在北京。 （說(shuō)明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。） He lived in Bejing in 1999. 在1999年的時(shí)候他在北京住過(guò)。 （現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）,,Translation,1.他昨天去北京了。 2.他去北京兩天了。,,He went to Beijing yesterday. （現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）,He has been in Beijing for two days. （說(shuō)明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。）,,用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（注意時(shí)態(tài)）,1.--______ you _________your pen? (mend) --Yes, I _______. --When_______ you _______ it? --I __________ it yesterday. 2.--How do you like the film? --I ____________(not see) such a moving film before. 3.Millie’s sister _______(join) the club last week. So she _________(be) in the club for nearly one week.,Have,mended,have,did,mend,mended,haven’t seen,joined,has been,,,4.My father__________(give) up ________(smoke). He doesn’t _________(smoke) now. 5.The Green family_____________(not come) back yet from the cinema. They______(go) to see a film one hour ago. 6.You________________(not visit) your son for a long time.,has given,smoking,smoke,haven’t come,went,haven’t visited,,6.She has known Sam______ nine years. (for , never , since) 7.They have______arrived. (ever , just , yet) 8.Have you_____ ridden a horse? (ever , for , yet) 9.She has known Fred______ they were at primary school. (already , just , since) 10.We have not completed the project_____. (already , for , yet),for,just,ever,since,yet,,II. 將下列句子中的動(dòng)詞改為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí). John is drawing a picture. I write my name on the4 card. Tom blows out the light. The cat drinks its milk. The tree falls across the road. My parents give me a present.,John has drawn a picture. I have written my name on the card. Tom has blown out the light. The cat has drunk its milk. The tree has fallen across the road. My parents have given me a present.,,單項(xiàng)選擇 He ______ working. A. have just started B. has just started C. Has just stars 2. _____ you _____ your suitcase yet? Do, pack B. did, pack C. Have, pack D. Have , packed 3. I ______ my room already. have tidied B. had tidied C. will tidy,,4. I _____ my plane ticket, but I can’t find it. will buy B. would buy C. have bought D. have buyed 5. ---What has Denis done? ---He ____ over a vase. has knocked B. had knocked C. knocked D. is knocking 6. They can’t buy a computer because they _____ all their money. are spending B. have spent C. spend D. will spend,,Homework,1.我已經(jīng)離開(kāi)那所學(xué)校兩年了。 2.這個(gè)小孩已經(jīng)生病兩天了。 3.這本書(shū)小明已經(jīng)借了一周了。 4.這家書(shū)店已經(jīng)開(kāi)業(yè)五年了。 5.我媽媽去超市了。她很快就回來(lái)了。,,,Thank you!,,,用have/has been to, have/has been in或have/has gone to填空 --- Where is your brother? --- He ____________ the shop. He’ll be back soon. 2. --- ____ you ever ___________ America? --- Yes, I _____________ New York twice. 3. --- Here you are at last! Where _____ you ______? --- I ____________ London for two months. --- When did you come back, then? --- I came back only this morning.,,4. We _________ this class since last week. 5. --- How long _______ you _______ China? --- Two years. 6. --- David __________ Australia. --- I’m sure he’s already arrived.,,