本 科 生 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計姓 名： 學(xué) 號： 學(xué) 院： 機電學(xué)院 專 業(yè)： 機械工程及自動化　 設(shè)計題目： 25t 汽車式液壓起重機設(shè)計 專 題： 基于 AMESim 起升機構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)仿真研究 指導(dǎo)教師： 職 稱： 二 O 年 六 月 畢業(yè)設(shè)計任務(wù)書學(xué)院 機電學(xué)院 專業(yè)年級 學(xué)生姓名 任 務(wù) 下 達 日 期 ： 畢業(yè)設(shè)計日期： 畢業(yè)設(shè)計題目：25t 汽車式液壓起重機設(shè)計畢業(yè)設(shè)計主要內(nèi)容和要求：（1）25t 汽車式液壓起重機的總體設(shè)計；（2）25t 汽車式液壓起重機的伸縮機構(gòu)設(shè)計，（3）起升機構(gòu)的設(shè)計選型；（4）汽車起重機的回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)設(shè)計；（5）轉(zhuǎn)臺結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計。院長簽字： 指導(dǎo)教師簽字： 畢業(yè)設(shè)計指導(dǎo)教師評閱書指導(dǎo)教師評語（①基礎(chǔ)理論及基本技能的掌握；②獨立解決實際問題的能力；③ 研究內(nèi)容的理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)方法；④取得的主要成果及創(chuàng)新點；⑤ 工作態(tài)度及工作量；⑥總體評價及建議成績；⑦存在問題；⑧是否同意答辯等）：成 績： 指導(dǎo)教師簽字：年 月 日 畢業(yè)設(shè)計評閱教師評閱書評閱教師評語（①選題的意義；②基礎(chǔ)理論及基本技能的掌握；③ 綜合運用所學(xué)知識解決實際問題的能力；④工作量的大??；⑤取得的主要成果及創(chuàng)新點；⑥寫作的規(guī)范程度；⑦總體評價及建議成績；⑧存在問題；⑨是否同意答辯等）：成 績： 評閱教師簽字：年 月 日 畢業(yè)設(shè)計評閱教師評閱書評閱教師評語（①選題的意義；②基礎(chǔ)理論及基本技能的掌握；③ 綜合運用所學(xué)知識解決實際問題的能力；④工作量的大小；⑤取得的主要成果及創(chuàng)新點；⑥寫作的規(guī)范程度；⑦總體評價及建議成績；⑧存在問題；⑨是否同意答辯等）：成 績： 評閱教師簽字：年 月 日 畢業(yè)設(shè)計答辯及綜合成績答 辯 情 況回 答 問 題提 出 問 題 正 確基 本正 確有 一般 性錯 誤有 原則 性錯 誤沒 有回 答答辯委員會評語及建議成績：答辯委員會主任簽字： 年 月 日學(xué)院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組綜合評定成績：學(xué)院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組負責(zé)人： 年 月 日摘 要隨著我國經(jīng)濟建設(shè)的快速發(fā)展，對汽車起重機需求量越來越大，對其性能的要求也越來越高。國內(nèi)中小型汽車起重機的技術(shù)已非常成熟，本文參照現(xiàn)有的成熟產(chǎn)品，設(shè)計出 QY25 型汽車起重機。設(shè)計的主要內(nèi)容有：參考國內(nèi)外同等噸位的成熟產(chǎn)品，進行本機的總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計，力求總體布局結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。起重機伸縮臂的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計，在 ANSYS11.0 中建立基本臂的有限元模型，分析兩種惡劣工況下的應(yīng)力分布，并依據(jù)分析結(jié)果進行結(jié)構(gòu)改進。起重機起升機構(gòu)的選型設(shè)計，并在 AMESim 中對整機液壓系統(tǒng)中最重要的起升回路進行動態(tài)仿真，依據(jù)仿真結(jié)果改進液壓系統(tǒng)，提高系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)響應(yīng)。起重機回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)的設(shè)計計算，包括回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置和回轉(zhuǎn)驅(qū)動裝置。起重機轉(zhuǎn)臺結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計，在 ANSYS11.0 中建立轉(zhuǎn)臺的有限元分析模型，分析兩種惡劣工況下的應(yīng)力分布，依據(jù)結(jié)果進行結(jié)構(gòu)改進。主要創(chuàng)新點在于：伸縮機構(gòu)采用雙缸加一級繩排，不同于國內(nèi)的單缸加一級繩排結(jié)構(gòu)，系統(tǒng)的安全性更高，各節(jié)臂的運作獨立性更好。對現(xiàn)有起升機構(gòu)的液壓回路進行了改進，使系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)響應(yīng)性能更好。關(guān)鍵詞：汽車起重機；總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計；有限元；動態(tài)響應(yīng)ABSTRACTThe demand for truck crane is getting bigger and bigger with the rapid development of our country’s economic construction, and the request of its performance is also getting higher and higher.The technology of medium and small truck cranes has been very mature.This article designs QY25 truck crane through the reference of existing mature products.The main contents are:The overall structure design of the crane through the reference of the same tonnage mature products in domestic and foreign to make the entire structure layout compact .The design of the crane’s extension section.This article creats the finite element model of pivot beam in ANASYS11.0,then analyzes the stress distribution of two bad condition and improves the structure according the resuits.The type design of the hoisting mechanism.Carrying out the dynamic simulation of lifting loop which is the most impotant loop in the whole hydraulic system,then improve the dynamic response of the system accoreding the results.The design and calculation of crane’s slew mechanism including the rotary bearing and rotary drive device.The design of slewing platform superstructure. This article creats its finite element model in ANASYS11.0,then analyzes the stress distribution of two bad condition and improves the structure according the results.The innovative design lays on that the extension section adoptes two hydraulic cylinders plus a rope which is different from the one hydraulic cylinder plus two ropes in domestic.In a result the security of the system is higher and the operational independence of beems is better.In addition ,this article improves the existing hydraulic circuit of hoisting mechanism to make the system’s dynamic response better.Key words: truck crane; overall structure design; finite element ; dynamic response目 錄1 緒 論 ........................................................................................................................................11.1 概論 ......................................................................................................................................................11.2 國外汽車起重機的發(fā)展狀況 ....................................................................................21.3 國內(nèi)汽車起重機的發(fā)展狀況 ........................................................................................................21.4 汽車起重機的發(fā)展趨勢 .................................................................................................................41.5 個人工作重點 ....................................................................................................................................52 汽車起重機的總體設(shè)計 ............................................................................................................................72.1 汽車起重機的底盤選型 .................................................................................................................72.1.1 汽車起重機的底盤類型 ......................................................................................................72.1.2 汽車起重機的底盤選型 ......................................................................................................82.2 汽車起重機的工作級別 .................................................................................................................82.2.1 起重機利用等級 ....................................................................................................................82.2.2 起重機的載荷狀態(tài) ...............................................................................................................92.2.3 起重機工作級別的確定 ......................................................................................................92.3 起重機主要技術(shù)參數(shù)的確定 ........................................................................................................92.3.1 技術(shù)參數(shù)簡介 ........................................................................................................................92.3.2 起重機技術(shù)參數(shù)的確定 ....................................................................................................102.4 起重機質(zhì)心的確定 ........................................................................................................................122.4.1 主要部件質(zhì)量的確定 .........................................................................................................122.4.2 整車質(zhì)心位置的確定 .........................................................................................................132.5 起重機三鉸點位置的確定及其優(yōu)化 .........................................................................................142.5.1 吊臂根部鉸點位置的確定 ...............................................................................................142.5.2 變幅液壓缸鉸點位置的確定 ............................................................................................152.5.3 三鉸點位置的優(yōu)化模型 ....................................................................................................162.6 具體的設(shè)計計算 .............................................................................................................................202.6.1 主臂起升高度、吊臂仰角的計算 ..................................................................................202.6.2 臂架整體受力分析 .............................................................................................................202.6.3 變幅油缸受力分析 .............................................................................................................242.6.4 轉(zhuǎn)臺結(jié)構(gòu)受力分析 .............................................................................................................253 伸縮式吊臂的設(shè)計計算 .........................................................................................................................273.1 伸縮臂截面參數(shù)的確定 ...............................................................................................................273.1.1 吊臂截面的選取 .................................................................................................................273.1.2 吊臂截面的具體參數(shù) ........................................................................................................283.2 主臂伸縮機構(gòu)的設(shè)計 ....................................................................................................................293.3 主臂機構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)特征 ........................................................................................................................303.4 吊臂各節(jié)尺寸的確定 ....................................................................................................................313.5 變幅油缸的設(shè)計計算 ....................................................................................................................333.6 基本臂有限元分析 ........................................................................................................................353.6.1 有限元模型 ...........................................................................................................................353.6.2 計算工況 ...............................................................................................................................363.6.3 結(jié)果分析 ...............................................................................................................................364 汽車起重機的提升機構(gòu)設(shè)計 ................................................................................................................394.1 起升機構(gòu)形式的選擇 ....................................................................................................................394.2 起升機構(gòu)的零部件選擇計算 ......................................................................................................394.2.1 滑輪組倍率 ...........................................................................................................................394.2.2 鋼絲繩的設(shè)計計算 .............................................................................................................394.3 卷筒的設(shè)計計算 .............................................................................................................................414.4 起升機構(gòu)減速裝置的選型計算 ..................................................................................................474.5 制動器的選擇 .................................................................................................................................484.6 基于 AMESim 起升機構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)仿真研究 ..........................................................................484.6.1AMEsim 軟件簡介 ..............................................................................................................484.6.2 基于 AMEsim 系統(tǒng)仿真模型的建立 .............................................................................494.6.3 起升機構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)仿真結(jié)果分析 ..................................................................................514.6.4 起升機構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)改進 ....................................................................................................545 汽車起重機回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)設(shè)計 .....................................................................................................................595.1 回轉(zhuǎn)支承的設(shè)計計算 ....................................................................................................................595.1.1 回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置分類 .............................................................................................................595.1.2 回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置的受力分析 ...............................................................................................605.1.3 回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置的選型 ........................................................................................................635.1.4 回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸 ....................................................................................................645.2 回轉(zhuǎn)驅(qū)動裝置的設(shè)計計算 ...........................................................................................................655.2.1 回轉(zhuǎn)阻力矩的計算 .............................................................................................................655.2.2 驅(qū)動裝置用液壓馬達選型 ...............................................................................................685.3 回轉(zhuǎn)中心距的確定 ...................................................................................................................696 汽車起重機轉(zhuǎn)臺設(shè)計 ..............................................................................................................................706.1 轉(zhuǎn)臺具體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 ........................................................................................................................716.2 轉(zhuǎn)臺的有限元分析計算 ...............................................................................................................716.2.1 轉(zhuǎn)臺有限元模型 .................................................................................................................716.2.2 計算工況 ...............................................................................................................................726.2.3 計算結(jié)果與分析 .................................................................................................................73結(jié)論 ............................................................................................................................76參考文獻 .......................................................................................................................................................77附錄 ..........................................................................................................................................................78外文原文 ....................................................................................................................................................78中文譯文 ....................................................................................................................................................84致謝 ..........................................................................................................................................................95