英文原文Multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool timeRegarding the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, in the industrial field has many names to describe it, like “the multitasking installment”, “the multi-purpose engine beds”, “the multi-procedure production system” and so on, it may be called the processing domain truly the nova, may reduce the cost, the simplified disposition, and has maintained in the US territory produces. Inthe past only then used the duty which many machine operations could complete, now may concentrate to an engine bed on processes completes.As a result of market demand's unceasing change, the product life cycle is reducing unceasingly, today's market more intense demand multitasking installment concept. Carries out the fine profit management when the entire production environment, compared to having not concentrated the components processing to a machine on completes a finer profit.Some tradition's manufacturing industry manufacturer thought that the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools are too complex,very difficult to find the appropriate operators also the difficult problem innovates on the spot on the insufficiency for the metal working Basic principle and in the Production workshop related new engine bed use solution aspect training.Intuition type technical control The equipment use “carries off the quantity of heat” the type design, has different material which the lathe bed, the steeliness straight line rolling guide, on the steeliness revolving tool box saddle, the equipment uses, all these combine make an engine bed together. These with the thermal conductivity, the volume expansion are related. All different size's thing can by the different speed growth.As a result of this reason, needs to make the hot friendly engine bed, with the aim of knowing gives off heat the weak point in where, can compensate through the reasonable engine bed design. The part is the entire journey movement. The engine bed glide produces rubs and transform hotly. The machining produces the hot filings fall to the different place, the refrigerant can mix in the entire process in which. Will present the different temperature province continually on the cutting tool, will therefore also have many things to have the influence to the thermostability. The cutting tool technology turned the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools has had the milling and cutting power “the versatile machine”. According to the material introduced that the most remarkable characteristic is in these engine bed whole has the intuition. The anti-collision preservation technology was already mature, in certain circumstances, even if uses the manual operation pattern, can also avoid the occurrence which collides. Because the control software has the very good intuition, the user operation friendly degree unceasingly is also enhancing. Believe the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools by its survivability world-wide in the more different processing scenes. The off-line programming optimization and the NC automatic control system's formation already made this technology to be easier to accept, when therefore uses the procedure when the engine bed, does not need to spend many time tune-up procedure and confirmed that some part does not have the question. If components need to provide the high and low two revolving tool box saddle simultaneously to carry on the rough machining, in this kind of situation the programming is quite difficult, because it needs two revolving tool box saddles also to feed. The AdMac system may realize tool rest's automatic programming which simultaneously feeds to these, and can cause the correct main axle speed, the correct feed rate and so on all parameters to realize the synchronization.Okuma Corporation's collision avoidance system design based on actual processing operating mode anti-collision simulation, therefore, if the operator has installed the wrong cutting tool or has established the wrong parameter, the control system will examine and prevents the engine bed to enter the processing condition. Through cooperates with the Siemens, INDEX Corporation may provide the 3D pattern now “the hypothesized engine bed”, has custom-made according to some specific model's engine bed. The result indicated that the simulation processes not only the fabricated parts and the actual end product is similar, is the one-to-one copy simply.The intuition type control interface, the simulation as well as other software technique are progressive, the more Production workshops have opened wide the front door to the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, but if does not have the corresponding knowledge to train and to solve the question creativity, the manufacturer is also very difficult to realize and the full use advanced engine bed flexibility aspect superiority. The work which does to the machine are more, the machine will be more complex, also needs to have the stronger skill person correspondingly to be able to operate it. If machinist past one day operated 3 engine beds, then he has this kind of multi-purpose engine bed now, might produce more components. More importantly, he may draw support from software's help to cause the production efficiency to be higher, regarding transformation processing components preparation, may also establish the processing craft plan. Because the replacement components need to lower 3 main axles, therefore before replacing the components, the workshop should process as far as possible many components. Regarding the multi-purpose engine beds, the transformation components speed is quick, the production batch of time interval is shorter, the stock is lower, the production efficiency is higher. Can use multi-purpose engine bed's some workshops fully, very quick will discover the post function the unification. Now, a workshop may only use an operator, an adjuster and a programming teacher, in the future these 3 work definitely may do by a person.In the traditional post description the machinist will transit becomes one to adjust engineer, if this engineer the familiar components processing programming, that were also more ideal. Regarding such transformation, training has been simple, so long as trains 1 individual line, but is not 3 individuals. Looking from the long views, this will provide to the people the higher post degree of satisfaction. When adjusts engineer to be responsible to process the programming, and pays attention to the components processing personally time the entire process, he completely has become this components control. In addition, but should also makes more effort in the cutting tool choice and the programming aspect, must make any model the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool to succeed, the workshop needs to provide the skilled machinist, has ability and completes many kinds of operations nimbly. Therefore, crosswise training was at any time in the past more important. Regarded as the milling and the lathe work the different belongs to their time. Regarding personnel who will program, will understand the engine bed and controls it, this will be their ability manifestation. The cutting tool will choose most people not to install the passenger vehicle tire to the race car on, but processed the cutting tool to have such situation. The cutting tool should match with the new engine bed, is conceivably redundant on the new engine bed uses the old cutting tool to the production efficiency influence. In order to match the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, the new cutting tool and the cutting tool adapter technology was already developed. At present the industrial field is developing the development the processing cutting tool, may complete the turning on the identical tool rest, boring and drills truncates the processing, is only processes the phase to differ from regarding the work piece angle. The processing operates the difference even confuses is unclear. The new processing cutting tool may complete the milling and the turning. The machinery automation technology first starts from the 1920s in the machine manufacture cold finishing production in enormous quantities process to develop the application, after in the 60s, to adapt the market demand and the change, for the enhancement machine-building industry to the market nimble rapid reaction's ability, starts to establish the variable automation production system,namely revolves the computer technology the flexible automation. It is in the manufacture system invariable or in the change small situation, the machinery equipment either production management process through the automatic detection, the information processing, the analysis judgment realizes the anticipated operation or some kind of process automatically, and can from make one kind of components to transform automatically to makes another kind of different components. The social practice proved that under this kind of definition's manufacture system automation and the contemporary majority enterprises are not actually accommodating. The contemporary society also not in the science and technology, the material and the personnel aspect prepares to realize this automated condition, insists such to do only meets the wasted effort. This kind of situation is not exceptional regarding the separate production method's machine-building industry, the difficulty can bigger. The aggregate machine-tool future development more use transmissions and so on variable speed motor and ball bearing guide screw,will simplify structure, the reduction production metre; Uses the numerical control system and the headstock, the jig automatic replacement system, enhances the craft controllability; As well as integrates the flexible manufacture system and so on.中文譯文多用途組合機(jī)床對(duì)于多功能組合機(jī)床，在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域有許多名字來(lái)描述它，如“多任務(wù)處理裝置” ， “多功能機(jī)床” ， “多工序生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)”等，它確實(shí)可稱為加工領(lǐng)域的新星，可降低成本，簡(jiǎn)化配置，和一直保持在美國(guó)本土生產(chǎn)。在過去，只有使用多機(jī)操作才能完成的任務(wù)，現(xiàn)在可以集中到一臺(tái)機(jī)床上加工完成。由于市場(chǎng)需求的不斷變化，產(chǎn)品生命周期不斷減少，今天的市場(chǎng)需求也更加強(qiáng)烈，多任務(wù)處理裝置的概念。實(shí)施精益管理在整個(gè)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境，并沒有集中的零件加工到機(jī)器上完成一個(gè)更好的利潤(rùn)。一些傳統(tǒng)的制造業(yè)廠商認(rèn)為，多功能組合機(jī)床是太復(fù)雜，要找到合適的運(yùn)營(yíng)商也難的問題，創(chuàng)新對(duì)金屬加工的基本原理的不足，在生產(chǎn)車間相關(guān)的新機(jī)床使用的解決方案方面的訓(xùn)練地點(diǎn)非常困難。直覺型的技術(shù)控制設(shè)備使用“帶走熱量”式的設(shè)計(jì)，有不同的材料，床身，鋼制直線滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌，在鋼制轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架，設(shè)備的使用，所有這些結(jié)合在一起，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的床。這些與導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)，體積膨脹是相關(guān)的。所有不同大小的東西能以不同的速度增長(zhǎng)。由于這個(gè)原因，要使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熱友好床，以了解發(fā)熱的薄弱點(diǎn)在哪里，可以補(bǔ)償通過合理的機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)。該部分是整個(gè)旅程的運(yùn)動(dòng)。機(jī)床滑動(dòng)摩擦熱產(chǎn)生和變換。機(jī)械加工產(chǎn)生的熱屑落在不同的地方，制冷劑可以混合在整個(gè)過程。將不同溫度省不斷的切割工具，因此也會(huì)有很多事情要對(duì)熱穩(wěn)定性的影響。切削刀具技術(shù)將多功能組合機(jī)床有銑削動(dòng)力”的多功能機(jī)” 。據(jù)資料介紹，最顯著的特點(diǎn)是在這些機(jī)床的整體直覺。防撞保護(hù)技術(shù)已經(jīng)成熟，在某些情況下，即使使用人工操作模式，也能避免發(fā)生碰撞。由于控制軟件有很好的直覺，用戶操作友好程度也在不斷提高。相信多功能組合機(jī)床以其生存能力在全球多個(gè)不同處理的場(chǎng)景。離線編程的優(yōu)化和自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)的形成已成為該技術(shù)更容易接受，所以當(dāng)使用程序時(shí)，機(jī)床，不需要花很多時(shí)間調(diào)整程序，確認(rèn)了部分沒有問題。如果組件需要提供高、低兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架同時(shí)進(jìn)行粗加工，在這種情況下，程序是相當(dāng)困難的，因?yàn)樗枰獌赊D(zhuǎn)塔刀架也喂。該 ADMAC 系統(tǒng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)刀架的自動(dòng)編程，同時(shí)將這些，可以使正確的主軸速度，正確的進(jìn)給速度等參數(shù)的同步實(shí)現(xiàn)。日本大隈公司的防撞系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)基于實(shí)際加工操作模式的防碰撞仿真，因此，如果運(yùn)營(yíng)商已經(jīng)安裝了錯(cuò)誤的切割工具或建立了錯(cuò)誤的參數(shù)，控制系統(tǒng)將檢查和防止機(jī)床進(jìn)入加工條件。通過與西門子公司合作，指數(shù)可能提供3D 模式現(xiàn)在“虛擬機(jī)床” ，定制根據(jù)一些具體模型的機(jī)床。結(jié)果表明，模擬過程不僅制造零件和實(shí)際的最終產(chǎn)品是相似的，是一份簡(jiǎn)單的。直覺式控制接口，仿真以及其它軟件技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，更多的生產(chǎn)車間有敞開的多功能組合機(jī)床的大門，但如果沒有訓(xùn)練，和解決問題的創(chuàng)造力的相關(guān)知識(shí)，制造商也很難實(shí)現(xiàn)，充分利用先進(jìn)的機(jī)床的靈活性方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)。本機(jī)所做的工作越多，機(jī)器將更加復(fù)雜，也需要有較強(qiáng)的技能的人也能操作。如果有一天工過去經(jīng)營(yíng)3機(jī)床，然后他有這種多功能機(jī)床現(xiàn)在，可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多的成分。更重要的是，他可以從軟件的幫助支持，使生產(chǎn)效率更高，對(duì)于變換處理組件的制備，也可建立加工工藝方案。因?yàn)楦鼡Q部件需要降低3主軸，因此在更換組件，車間應(yīng)過程盡可能多的成分。對(duì)于多功能機(jī)床組件，轉(zhuǎn)換速度快，時(shí)間間隔的生產(chǎn)批次是短的，股價(jià)較低，生產(chǎn)效率高?？梢允褂枚喙δ軝C(jī)床的一些車間充分，很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)后功能的統(tǒng)一?，F(xiàn)在，一個(gè)車間只可使用一個(gè)運(yùn)算符，調(diào)節(jié)器和一個(gè)編程的老師，在未來(lái)這3項(xiàng)工作一定會(huì)做的人。在傳統(tǒng)的崗位描述機(jī)械師將運(yùn)輸成為一個(gè)調(diào)整的工程師，如果工程師熟悉的零件加工程序，這也更理想。對(duì)于這樣的轉(zhuǎn)變，訓(xùn)練一直很簡(jiǎn)單，只要列車1個(gè)人的線，而不是3個(gè)人。從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)觀點(diǎn)看，這將給人們提供滿意的高度。當(dāng)調(diào)整工程師負(fù)責(zé)處理程序，并且注意零件加工的個(gè)人時(shí)間的整個(gè)過程中，他完全成了這部分的控制。此外，還應(yīng)該做更多的努力在刀具選擇和規(guī)劃方面，必須使任何模型的多功能組合機(jī)床成功，車間需要提供技術(shù)熟練的機(jī)械師，有能力完成各種操作靈活。因此，交叉訓(xùn)練是過去任何時(shí)候更重要。作為銑床和車床工作不同的屬于自己的時(shí)間。有關(guān)人員將程序，將了解機(jī)床和控制它，這將是他們的能力表現(xiàn)。切削工具將大多數(shù)人都選擇不安裝轎車輪胎的賽車，但加工刀具有這樣的情況。刀具應(yīng)與新機(jī)床的匹配，是可以想象的冗余在新機(jī)床使用舊的刀具生產(chǎn)效率的影響。為了配合多功能組合機(jī)床，新的切削刀具和切削工具適配器技術(shù)已經(jīng)開發(fā)。目前工業(yè)領(lǐng)域發(fā)展發(fā)展的加工刀具，可完成打開相同的刀架，鏜、鉆削加工，是唯一的過程相位不同于對(duì)工件的角。加工操作的差異甚至混淆不清了。新加工的刀具可以完成銑削和車削。機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)從20世紀(jì)20年代在機(jī)械制造冷加工大批量生產(chǎn)過程中的開發(fā)應(yīng)用，在60年代，以適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)的需求和變化，為增強(qiáng)機(jī)械制造業(yè)對(duì)市場(chǎng)靈活快速反應(yīng)的能力，開始建立可變自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，即圍繞計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的柔性自動(dòng)化。它是在制造系統(tǒng)不變或變化較小的情況下，機(jī)器設(shè)備或生產(chǎn)管理過程中通過自動(dòng)檢測(cè)，信息處理，分析判斷實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期的操作或某種過程的自動(dòng)化，并能從一種組件將自動(dòng)使另一種不同的組件。社會(huì)實(shí)踐證明，這種定義下的制造系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化與當(dāng)代大多數(shù)企業(yè)不適應(yīng)。當(dāng)代社會(huì)也不是在科學(xué)和技術(shù)，材料和人員方面的準(zhǔn)備去實(shí)現(xiàn)這種自動(dòng)化的條件，堅(jiān)持這樣做只會(huì)事倍功半。這種情況也不例外對(duì)于單獨(dú)的生產(chǎn)方法的機(jī)械制造業(yè)，難度會(huì)更大。機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)從20世紀(jì)20年代在機(jī)械制造冷加工大批量生產(chǎn)過程中的開發(fā)應(yīng)用，在60年代，以適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)的需求和變化，為增強(qiáng)機(jī)械制造業(yè)對(duì)市場(chǎng)靈活快速反應(yīng)的能力，開始建立可變自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，即圍繞計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的柔性自動(dòng)化。它是在制造系統(tǒng)不變或變化較小的情況下，機(jī)器設(shè)備或生產(chǎn)管理過程中通過自動(dòng)檢測(cè)，信息處理，分析判斷實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期的操作或某種過程的自動(dòng)化，并能從一種組件將自動(dòng)使另一種不同的組件。社會(huì)實(shí)踐證明，這種定義下的制造系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化與當(dāng)代大多數(shù)企業(yè)不適應(yīng)。當(dāng)代社會(huì)也不是在科學(xué)和技術(shù)，材料和人員方面的準(zhǔn)備去實(shí)現(xiàn)這種自動(dòng)化的條件，堅(jiān)持這樣做只會(huì)事倍功半。這種情況也不例外對(duì)于單獨(dú)的生產(chǎn)方法的機(jī)械制造業(yè)，難度會(huì)更大。組合機(jī)床未來(lái)的發(fā)展更多地使用傳輸?shù)日{(diào)速電動(dòng)機(jī)和滾珠絲杠，簡(jiǎn)化結(jié)構(gòu)，降低生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍；采用數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)和主軸箱，夾具自動(dòng)更換系統(tǒng)，提高了工藝的可控性；以及將柔性制造系統(tǒng)等。