《高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng) 專題5 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)課件 新人教版.ppt》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng) 專題5 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)課件 新人教版.ppt（18頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

一,二,三,四,五,動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣是高考中的重中之重,也是英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的核心。英語(yǔ)句子的靈動(dòng)性很大程度上體現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞的各種變化上。在語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)兩個(gè)題型中,時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是考查的熱點(diǎn),但是語(yǔ)氣問(wèn)題也不可忽視。在備考過(guò)程中應(yīng)該對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變化的各種情況都能夠了如指掌?？梢灶A(yù)測(cè),由于受到兩個(gè)題型出題方式的限制,對(duì)于動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查不會(huì)太復(fù)雜。同時(shí),語(yǔ)境的重要地位會(huì)凸顯出來(lái),因此,考生應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)通過(guò)上下文來(lái)確定所用時(shí)態(tài)。切記要把握最基本的概念和用法。,二,三,四,一,五,一、考查具有標(biāo)志詞或標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)做題時(shí),可通過(guò)對(duì)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)境分析作出判斷。但有時(shí)題干中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)具有干擾性,如for,now等詞構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),所以考生要根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷時(shí)態(tài)。題干中常出現(xiàn)的標(biāo)志詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):sometimes,everyday/week,onSundays等;(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí):yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago,theotherday,thedaybeforeyesterday,onceuponatime,in1990等;(3)一般將來(lái)時(shí):nextweek,tomorrow,beforelong,inthefuture,lateron,thedayaftertomorrow等;(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):look,now,atpresent,atthismoment,thesedays等;(5)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):then,atthattime,thosedays等;(6)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí):atthistimetomorrow/thedayaftertomorrow,from...to...tomorrow/thedayaftertomorrow等;,二,三,四,一,五,(7)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):lately,recently,sofar,yet,bynow,upto/tillnow,sincethen,inthelast/pastfewdays/years等;(8)過(guò)去完成時(shí):bythen,bythattime,untilthen,bytheendof2012,before1999,“bythetime+句子”等;(9)將來(lái)完成時(shí):“by+將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)間”,when/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;(10)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):allthismorning,thesefewdays,allnight,thismonth,recently等。,二,三,四,一,五,二、考查語(yǔ)境中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)在一篇文章中,每個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)使用并非是孤立的,而是有聯(lián)系的。每個(gè)句子除了關(guān)注本身的句意和動(dòng)作發(fā)生的情況之外,還要在語(yǔ)篇層次上協(xié)調(diào)一致。,二,三,四,一,五,三、考查復(fù)合句或并列句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)(1)在時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中,若主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí),則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí);若主句為過(guò)去時(shí),則從句也用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)。(2)能夠分清主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,并認(rèn)真體會(huì)命題者所給出的語(yǔ)境。(3)解答賓語(yǔ)從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)題目時(shí),考生應(yīng)熟知以下規(guī)則:如果主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),則從句可根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài);如果主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),則從句要用合適的過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(表示客觀真理時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài))。例1:Tom(shake)hishead,wentbacktothemarketandreturnedtotelltheboss$1.2perkg.該題考查并列謂語(yǔ),應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),因此答案為shook。,二,三,四,一,五,例2:WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesun(shine).該題可以根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句判斷主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,再根據(jù)句意來(lái)判斷使用合適的時(shí)態(tài)。該題的答案為wasshining。,二,三,四,一,五,四、考查固定句式中的時(shí)態(tài)英語(yǔ)中的一些句式的時(shí)態(tài)常常很固定,如果題干中出現(xiàn)這種句式,注意根據(jù)規(guī)則選用需要的時(shí)態(tài)。例如:(1)Itisthefirst/second/...timethatsb.have/hasdone...(2)Itwasthefirst/second/...timethatsb.haddone...(3)sb.was/weredoingsth.when...did...(4)Hardly/Scarcelyhadsb.donesth.whensb.did...(5)Nosoonerhadsb.donesth.thansb.did...例如:HardlyhadIgothomewhentherain(pour)down.該題考查固定句型,根據(jù)該句型的特點(diǎn)可以判斷出答案為poured。,二,三,四,一,五,五、考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的一體性謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是一體兩面、不可分割的。在關(guān)注動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和存在的狀態(tài)的同時(shí),一定要關(guān)注主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。在判斷語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),要注意以下情況:1.有些及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有:have有cost花費(fèi)lack缺少own擁有suit適合hold抓住fit適合belongto屬于Idon’thavethatmuchmoneyonme.我身上沒(méi)帶那么錢。Lionsandtigersbelongtothecatfamily.獅子和老虎屬于貓科。,二,三,四,一,五,2.不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有:comeabout/happen/takeplace/occur(to)發(fā)生remain剩下breakout爆發(fā)last持續(xù)comeout出版loseheart失去信心datebackto追溯到runout用完3.有些不及物動(dòng)詞以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。(1)read,write,sell,wash,clean,cook,catch,draw,cut等,常與well,badly,easily,smoothly等副詞連用,用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Theshirtwasheswell.這件襯衫很好洗。Thebooksellswell.這本書賣得很好。,二,三,四,一,五,(2)smell,taste,feel,look,sound,prove,turnout,wear,blow等常用作連系動(dòng)詞,后接形容詞作表語(yǔ),用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Hervoicesoundsbeautiful.她的嗓音聽(tīng)起來(lái)很美妙。(3)open,close,lock,move,keep等,常與won’t,can’t,wouldn’t,hardly,scarcely等連用;表示“開(kāi)始,結(jié)束”的動(dòng)詞,如:begin,start,finish,end等,常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Workbeganat7o’clockthismorning.今天早上7點(diǎn)鐘開(kāi)始工作。Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.這個(gè)商店每天下午6點(diǎn)關(guān)門。,二,三,四,一,五,4.有些非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以主動(dòng)形式出現(xiàn),表示被動(dòng)意義。常見(jiàn)的有:(1)betoblame,betoseek,betolet等。Iamtoblame.我該受責(zé)備。(2)need/want/require/deserve/stand/bear等后接doing。Thelibraryneedsrepairing.圖書館需要修一修。(3)“be+easy/difficult/hard/heavy/light/dangerous/pleasant/comfortable/fit/interesting/expensive...+todo”。Thequestioniseasytoanswer.這問(wèn)題容易(被)回答。,二,三,四,一,五,5.“get+過(guò)去分詞”表被動(dòng)“get+過(guò)去分詞”也能用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)或系表結(jié)構(gòu),用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),它強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的發(fā)生;用于系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),它強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)的變化。(1)談?wù)撃橙嘶蚰澄锏目陀^遭遇,往往表示一種突然的、未曾料到的偶發(fā)事件或事故。Hegotkilledwhenhewascrossingtheroad.過(guò)馬路時(shí)他被車撞死了。(2)談?wù)撛O(shè)法或終于做到令人稱心的事,說(shuō)話者帶有較強(qiáng)的感情色彩。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人時(shí),?？稍趃et和過(guò)去分詞之間插入一個(gè)反身代詞。Shegot(herself)paidbeforeshewentonholiday.她在休假前(設(shè)法)領(lǐng)到了工資。(3)使自己進(jìn)入或變?yōu)槟撤N狀態(tài),或表示引起心理和情感上的變化。Hewentoutandgotdrunk.他出去喝醉了酒。Igotsurprisedatthenews.這消息使我吃驚。,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅰ.完成句子(高考真題變式訓(xùn)練)1.Thetwins,who(finish)theirhomework,wereallowedtoplaybadmintonontheplayground.2.—Hi,let’sgoskating.—Sorry,I’mbusyrightnow.I(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.3.—Whattimeisit?—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute,I(check)itforyou.4.Ifoundthelecturehardtofollowbecauseit(start)whenIarrived.5.Unlesssomeextramoney(find),thetheatrewillclose.6.Thereportswentmissingin2012andnobody(see)themsince.7.Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn’tknowhe(come)untilyesterday.,hadfinished,amfilling,willcheck,hadstarted,isfound,hasseen,wascoming,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,8.Wewon’tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations(make).9.—Tony,whyareyoureyesred?—I(cut)uppeppersforthelastfiveminutes.10.Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime-consumingthanwe(expect).,havebeenmade,havebeencutting,hadexpected,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeoplepersuadetoeatmorefruitandvegetables.2.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyouwouldn’thavetimetogettochangebeforetheparty.3.Sheisoneofthebeststudentsinherclassandshewaswonanawardforyoungscientistslastyear.4.Isplashwateronmyface,getdressing,andstepoutintothemildautumnday.,答案:persuade→arepersuaded,答案:tochange→changed,答案:去掉was,答案:dressing→dressed,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,5.Itisseemedrecentlythatmoreandmoreofmyfriendsarefacingsomeseeminglyunbeatablechallengesintheirlives.6.Itisthispersonalitythathelpsmewinoverallmyclassmates’friendships,andalsohelpmeovercomemanydifficultiesbothinacademicandpersonallife.7.Makesureyouunderstoodthesignsandyouwon’tgetintoanytrouble.8.LastsummerIwenttoXi’anwithmyparents.Wehadvisitedmanyplacesofinterestthoughthetemperaturewasover38℃.,答案:isseemed→seems,答案:help→helps,答案:understood→understand,答案:去掉had,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,9.Firstofall,allowmetointroducemyself.IhadjustgraduatedfromhighschoolandtakentheUniversityEntranceExamination.10.“Themomentcomessoon,”hethoughttohimself,waitingnervously.,答案:had→have,答案:comes→iscoming,