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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)典型試題精粹 專題十一 名詞性從句 　　高考精萃 1．(xx大綱全國(guó)卷)Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 2．(xx北京卷)The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal. 3．(xx北京卷)Some people believe ________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. 4．(xx天津卷)I think ________ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. 5．(xx山東卷)It is difficult for us to imagine ________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 6．(xx重慶卷)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; thats one of his favourite universities. 7．(xx福建卷)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________ youre afraid to do. 8．(xx浙江卷)“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is ________ my mother used to tell me. 9．(xx江蘇卷)—What a mess! You are always too lazy! —Im not to blame, mum. I am ________ you have made me. 10．(xx湖南卷)As John Lennon once said，life is ______ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 11．(xx陜西卷)__________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 12．(xx四川卷)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “Thats ________ I was born.” 13．(xx新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Police have found __________ appears to be the lost ancient statue. 14．(xx北京卷)________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 15．(xx北京卷)Experts believe ________ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. 16．(xx天津卷)________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. 17．(xx重慶卷)________ struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son. 18．(xx山東卷)Its good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while were away. 19．(xx浙江卷)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 20．(xx湖南卷)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory. 21．(xx安徽卷)From space, the earth looks blue. This is ________ about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water. 22．(xx江西卷)________ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. 23．(xx陜西卷)It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed mittees policy can be put into practice. 24．(xx四川卷)________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the pany. 25．(xx遼寧卷)The newer went to the library the other day and searched for ________he could find about Mark Twain. 26．(xx課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)It is by no means clear ________ the president can do to end the strike. 27．(xx安徽卷)The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ________ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. 28．(xx北京卷)Jerry did not regret giving the ment but felt ________ he could have expressed it differently. 29．(xx福建卷)We promise ________ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 30．(xx江蘇卷)The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed. 31．(xx浙江卷)I made a promise to myself ________ this year, my first year in high school, would be different. 32．(xx江西卷)It suddenly occurred to him ________ he had left his keys in the office. 33．(xx四川卷)Scientists study ________ human brains work to make puters. 34．(xx陜西卷)As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best. 35．(2011遼寧卷)When the news came ________ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. 答案與解析 1．when　句意：土豆被引入歐洲的確切時(shí)間不能確定，但很可能是1565年左右。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處為主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，從around 1565判斷，這里指時(shí)間，故填when。 2．when　句意：對(duì)于這個(gè)足球明星來(lái)說(shuō)最美好的時(shí)刻就是他踢進(jìn)決勝球的時(shí)候。根據(jù)設(shè)空處前面的“the best moment”可知表語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故填when。 3．whatever　句意：一些人認(rèn)為無(wú)論以前發(fā)生過(guò)的事情還是現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情都會(huì)在將來(lái)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。通過(guò)分析可知“________has happened before or is happening now”作believe 后的賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意和成分分析，本空應(yīng)填whatever(任何……的事情)來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。 4．what　句意：我認(rèn)為他的畫使我印象深刻的是他對(duì)色彩的使用。根據(jù)分析可知在主語(yǔ)從句________impresses me about his painting 中，所缺的詞作主語(yǔ)且表示“物”，所以填what。 5．what　句意：我們很難想象古代奴隸們的生活是什么樣子的。根據(jù)分析可知在該空引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中介詞like后面缺少賓語(yǔ)且設(shè)空處表示“事物”，所以填what，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。 6．why　句意：——邁克昨天拒絕了耶魯大學(xué)給他的錄取機(jī)會(huì)，這是真的嗎？——是的，但是我不知道他為什么會(huì)這樣做，那可是他最喜歡的大學(xué)之一。根據(jù)句意填why。why引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。 7．what　句意：振作起來(lái)，勇氣就是去做你害怕去做的事情。分析題干可知doing后為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺作賓語(yǔ)的連接詞。在賓語(yǔ)從句中，what可以作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，所以填what。 8．what　句意：“每次你吃糖果的時(shí)候，喝點(diǎn)綠茶?！边@就是我媽媽過(guò)去常常告訴我的。根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)且表物，因此填what。 9．what　句意：——真是太亂了！你總是這么懶惰！——媽媽，別責(zé)怪我。你使我成為了現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣子。根據(jù)分析可知am后為表語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)句意和表語(yǔ)從句中缺賓補(bǔ)的情況可知填what。 10．what　句意：正如約翰列儂曾經(jīng)所說(shuō)的那樣：當(dāng)我們正在為生活疲于奔波時(shí)，生活已離我們遠(yuǎn)去。通過(guò)分析可知空格處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故填what。 11．When　句意：延遲的航班什么時(shí)間起飛主要取決于天氣狀況。通過(guò)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句是含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。根據(jù)句意填When。 12．where　句意：奶奶指著那家醫(yī)院說(shuō)：“那就是我出生的地方。”根據(jù)句意可知該空應(yīng)該填表示地點(diǎn)的連接詞引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，故填where。 13．what　句意：警方發(fā)現(xiàn)了看起來(lái)像那件丟失的古代雕像的東西。該從句為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少主語(yǔ)且表示“物”，故用what引導(dǎo)。 14．What　句意：讓這本書如此不同尋常的是作者創(chuàng)造性的想象力。空格處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少主語(yǔ)成分，且指的是“事物”，故用what引導(dǎo)。 15．that　句意：專家認(rèn)為，人們可以通過(guò)只有需要(食物)時(shí)才購(gòu)物這一方法來(lái)減少更多食物的浪費(fèi)。該從句為賓語(yǔ)從句?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意思都很完整，故用that。 16．What　句意：我想告訴你的是我對(duì)父母的深愛(ài)和敬重。考查what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)從句中缺賓語(yǔ)且表示物，所以填what。 17．What　句意：影片中最打動(dòng)我的是那位父親對(duì)他兒子深厚的愛(ài)。該從句為主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)且表“物”，故用what。 18．that　句意：得知在我們離開期間這些狗會(huì)得到很好的照顧，這簡(jiǎn)直太好了?！皌he dogs will be well cared for while were away”為賓語(yǔ)從句，該從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺任何成分，故用that。 19．that　句意：在最高水平上取得成功的唯一方法就是要完全相信在(那個(gè))運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上，你比其他任何人都優(yōu)秀。本題空格處引導(dǎo)的句子為同位語(yǔ)從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整，填that。 20．how　句意：不要因失敗而泄氣，因?yàn)槟阌肋h(yuǎn)也不會(huì)知道成功可能離你有多近?！癬_______ close you may be to victory”為賓語(yǔ)從句，空后的close為形容詞，故填how。 21．because　句意：從太空看，地球是藍(lán)色的。這是因?yàn)榈厍虮砻娲蠹s71%都被水覆蓋著。根據(jù)句意，此處填寫because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。 22．Whichever　句意：你們之中不管是誰(shuí)打破了窗戶，都要賠償?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞修飾、限制后面的one，且表示在限定范圍(you)中的任何一個(gè)，故用whichever，意為“無(wú)論哪一個(gè)”。 23．whether　句意：新組成的委員會(huì)制定的政策是否能實(shí)施還有待觀察。題干中it是形式主語(yǔ)，空格處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，whether符合句意。 24．What　句意：你在會(huì)上的講話描述了公司的光明未來(lái)。考查主語(yǔ)從句，what在主語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。 25．whatever　句意：這位新來(lái)的人前幾天去圖書館尋找他能找到的任何關(guān)于馬克吐溫的書。介詞for后的賓語(yǔ)從句中缺賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意可知用whatever。 26．what　句意：總統(tǒng)可能采取什么措施來(lái)結(jié)束罷工一點(diǎn)都不清楚。it為形式主語(yǔ)，空格處引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語(yǔ)。從句中do后缺少賓語(yǔ)，故由what引導(dǎo)該主語(yǔ)從句。 27．whether　句意：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，一個(gè)人智力上的極限從一出生就定了，但他是否能達(dá)到這些極限還要取決于他的周邊環(huán)境。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，表達(dá)“是否”的意思，故只能用whether引導(dǎo)。 28．that　句意：Jerry并不后悔作了點(diǎn)評(píng)，只是他覺(jué)得他本可以用另外的方式來(lái)表達(dá)的。本題中felt后的賓語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整，故用that引導(dǎo)。 29．whoever　句意：我們承諾無(wú)論誰(shuí)參加聚會(huì)，都有一次機(jī)會(huì)與這位電影明星合影。這里whoever(＝anyone who)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，并且在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 30．that　句意：下午兩點(diǎn)左右，有人通知說(shuō)會(huì)議要推遲了。came around two in the afternoon把名詞notice及其同位語(yǔ)從句分隔開來(lái)，增加了題目的難度。同位語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整，所以用that引導(dǎo)。 31．that　句意：我向自己保證：今年——我高中的第一年——將會(huì)是不同尋常的一年。分析句意可知空格處引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明promise的內(nèi)容，并且此從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整，故用that引導(dǎo)。 32．that　句意：他突然想起他把鑰匙落在辦公室里了。“It occurs to sb.that...”句型表示“某人(突然)想起……”，其中It為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為that引導(dǎo)的從句。 33．how　句意：為了制造電腦，科學(xué)家們研究人的大腦是如何工作的。根據(jù)句意可知空格處表示方式，故用how引導(dǎo)，意為“如何”。 34．whichever　句意：這里有五門課程供你選擇，你可以自由選擇任何一門最適合你的。choose后的從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，題干中已給出選擇的范圍As many as five courses are provided，因此填寫whichever符合語(yǔ)境。 35．that　句意：當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)的消息傳來(lái)時(shí)，他決定參軍?？疾橥徽Z(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)閺木洳蝗背煞郑乙饬x完整，所以填that。 　　模擬精選 1．(xx陜西寶雞質(zhì)檢二)Finally we stayed in ________ is regarded as the best hotel in the city. 2．(xx長(zhǎng)春第一次調(diào)研)Are you sure ________ Mr. Li will e to your birthday party? 3．(xx湖南“五市十?！甭?lián)合檢測(cè))Only when you go to New York City in person will you realize ________ diverse the American culture is. 4．(xx合肥第一次質(zhì)檢)The bride and groom gave ______ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness. 5．(xx北京海淀期末練習(xí))You can plain, but I doubt ________ it will make any difference. 6．(xx北京東城統(tǒng)一檢測(cè))John seemed puzzled about ________ the question meant. 7．(xx山東濰坊聯(lián)考)Mom often phones me, asking ______ I am getting along with my studies. 8．(xx重慶聯(lián)合測(cè)試)With a shop on ________ seems like every urban corner, Starbucks is such a fixed location in American life. 9．(xx江蘇蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市調(diào)研一)Massive open online courses provide a wonderful model of ________ we call hightech learning, which helps students have access to webbased rescources. 10．(xx浙江考試院高三抽測(cè))Half of the worlds population is under the age of 25 and when they are not involved in the decisionmaking process, they are not aware of ________ is taking place. 11．(xx成都第一次診斷)The message of Saving Private Ryan is ________ humans want peace, not war. 12．(xx濟(jì)南高考模擬)Her only problem, if you can call it a problem, is ________ she expects to be successful all the time. 13．(xx山東青島質(zhì)檢)The problem is ________ we can improve our reading skill in such a short time. 14．(xx河南洛陽(yáng)統(tǒng)考)Being determined is a kind of quality and thats ________ it takes to succeed. 15．(xx浙江溫州第一次適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)—Your sneeze tells me you may have a flu. —No. Its just ________ I cant stand the smell of the paint here. 16．(xx銀川一中第四次月考)________ is important is ________ as the earth cooled down water began to appear on its surface. 17．(xx山東濰坊聯(lián)考)People all over the world have a dream ________ they will always live a peaceful life. 18．(xx浙江金麗衢十二校第二次聯(lián)考)The experts argument ________ the increasing number of cars is the main cause of the rising PM2.5 readings has got much support from the public. 19．(xx成都二診)________ you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood. 20．(xx山東濰坊一模)It suddenly occurred to me ________ I hadnt locked my door. 答案與解析 1．what　此處為介詞in 后的賓語(yǔ)從句，且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)。 2．that　句意：你確定李先生要來(lái)參加你的生日晚會(huì)嗎？空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中不做成分，故用that 引導(dǎo)。 3．how　句意：只有當(dāng)你親自來(lái)到紐約時(shí)，你才會(huì)意識(shí)到美國(guó)文化是多么不同樣。根據(jù)how＋adj./adv.＋主語(yǔ)＋其他部分可知，應(yīng)填how。 4．whoever　句意：新郎和新郎給任何一個(gè)參加他們婚禮的人發(fā)禮物以分享他們的幸福。分析句子成分可知，“________ attended their wedding”是賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故填whoever。 5．whether　句意：你可以發(fā)牢騷，但我對(duì)這樣做是否有用表示懷疑。從句意和句子成分看，這里用whether 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示“是否”。 6．what　句意：John 對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題意味著什么感到很迷惑。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，about 后接的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，而從句中meant 缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以填what。 7．how　句意：母親常給我打電話，問(wèn)我學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)展如何。此處asking 后為賓語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)填how。 8．what　句意：星巴克在城市的每個(gè)角落都開有分店，它在美國(guó)人的生活中占有一個(gè)固定的位置。這里用了with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“with＋名詞＋介詞短語(yǔ)”，本空需用連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句做介詞on 的賓語(yǔ)，連接詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)，指物，故用what 引導(dǎo)。 9．what　句意：大量的網(wǎng)上公開課為我們所說(shuō)的高科技學(xué)習(xí)提供了一個(gè)好的樣板，它幫助學(xué)生接觸網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源。of 后面接的是賓語(yǔ)從句，空處在從句中做call 的賓語(yǔ)，指物，故應(yīng)用what 引導(dǎo)。 10．what　句意：世界上一半的人口年齡在25歲以下，當(dāng)他們不涉及做決定的過(guò)程時(shí)，他們就不會(huì)意識(shí)到現(xiàn)在所發(fā)生的事情。此處of 后面是賓語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故用what。 11．that　句意：《拯救大兵瑞恩》傳達(dá)的信息是人們想要和平而不是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。此處為表語(yǔ)從句，從句不缺少成分，所以用that 引導(dǎo)。 12．that　句意：如果能稱之為問(wèn)題的話，她唯一的問(wèn)題是她一直想成功?？仗幰龑?dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺少任何成分，故用that 引導(dǎo)。 13．how　句意：?jiǎn)栴}是我們?nèi)绾卧谶@么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)提高我們的閱讀技能。分析句子成分并結(jié)合句意可知，這里需要用連接副詞how 來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。 14．what　句意：意志力是一種品質(zhì)，它是成功的要素?？仗幰龑?dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，指物，故用what 引導(dǎo)。 15．that　句意：——你打噴嚏告訴我你可能感冒了?！獩](méi)有，我只是無(wú)法忍受這兒的油漆味。分析句子成分可知，“________I cant stand the smell of the paint here”是表語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺少成分，故用that 引導(dǎo)。 16．What; that　第一空，主語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，因此使用what 引導(dǎo)；第二空，該表語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺少成分，因此用that 引導(dǎo)。 17．that　句意：全世界的人民都有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想，即永遠(yuǎn)過(guò)著和平的生活。此處為同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋名詞dream 的內(nèi)容，因?yàn)閺木渲胁蝗鄙俪煞智乙饬x完整，所以用that 引導(dǎo)。 18．that　此處為同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明argument 的內(nèi)容；因從句不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以使用that 引導(dǎo)。 19．Whether　句意：你與同學(xué)相處得是否融洽會(huì)影響你的情緒。此處為主語(yǔ)從句，if 表示“是否”時(shí)不引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用Whether。 20．that　句意：我突然想起我沒(méi)鎖門。it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that 引導(dǎo)的從句。It occurs to sb. that... “某人突然想起……”。 　　創(chuàng)新預(yù)測(cè) 1．As the spokeswoman said, ________ we should take action against them depends on what they will do. 2．—What made her so happy? —________ her son passed the college entrance examination. 3．It was sad news ________ a music professor in Beijing mitted suicide days ago. 4．It doesnt matter how many times you fail; ________ matters is how many times you stand up and try again. 5．________ will matter is not how many books you read, but how much you learn when you finish reading them. 6．Many college students fail to realize the fact ________ education doesnt end with graduation. 7．It is a mon belief ________ teenagers today know much about puters and are familiar with using them in all aspects of life. 8．There is still some doubt ________ the system will work even though all the factors have been considered. 9．Im concerned about ________ my daughter can be admitted to a key university. 10．________ he failed to win the game left him in low spirits. 11．Even though he has failed many times, he holds a strong belief ________ he will succeed one day if he works hard. 12．This large sum of donation money will be given to ________ lost their homes in the earthquake. 13．________ breaks the traffic rules shall be punished severely. 14．________ team wins this match shall be allowed to go for a free holiday. 15．The alarm clock didnt go off. That was ________ I overslept and missed the train. 16．The fact ________ Tom didnt keep his word made his girlfriend left him. 17．I subscribe to the idea ________ we will hold a party in honour of our gold wedding. 18．Look at the beautiful mountain. Thats ________ our village lies. 19．He will spare no effort to provide ________ we need for us. 20．I wonder ________ I can get along well with the new neighbours. 答案與解析 1．whether　句意：正如女發(fā)言人所說(shuō)的那樣，我們是否應(yīng)該針對(duì)他們采取行動(dòng)取決于他們將會(huì)怎么做。本空需要連接詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，表示“是否”，因此用whether引導(dǎo)。 2．That　句意：——是什么使她這么快樂(lè)？——她兒子通過(guò)高考了。答語(yǔ)為that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不做任何成分，只起連接作用。 3．that　句意：幾天前，北京的一位音樂(lè)教授自殺了，這真是個(gè)不幸的消息。從句結(jié)構(gòu)看，本句中的it 為形式主語(yǔ)，that 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句且在從句中不做任何成分，只起連接作用。 4．what　句意：你失敗多少次都不要緊；要緊的是你有多少次站起來(lái)并再次嘗試。分析句子成分可知，“________ matters”是主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，指物，故用what 引導(dǎo)。 5．What　句意：重要的不是你讀了多少書，而是你讀完書后學(xué)到了多少。從句結(jié)構(gòu)看，is 前面是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用what。 6．that　句意：許多大學(xué)生沒(méi)能意識(shí)到這個(gè)事實(shí)——教育不會(huì)隨著畢業(yè)而結(jié)束。空處引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明fact 的內(nèi)容，從句不缺少句子成分且語(yǔ)意完整，因此用that 引導(dǎo)。 7．that　句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為，當(dāng)今的年輕人對(duì)電腦十分了解，并熟悉如何在他們生活中的各個(gè)方面使用它們。it 為形式主語(yǔ)，因主語(yǔ)從句中不缺少成分且語(yǔ)意完整，所以用that 引導(dǎo)該從句。 8．whether　句意：即使所有的因素都考慮了，系統(tǒng)是否會(huì)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)仍有些疑問(wèn)。whether 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，做doubt 的同位語(yǔ)，whether 表示“是否”。 9．whether　介詞后用whether 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，意為“是否”。句意：我擔(dān)憂女兒是否能被重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取。 10．That　that 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)意義，也不充當(dāng)任何句子成分。句意：他未能贏比賽使他情緒低落。 11．that　that 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)意義，也不充當(dāng)任何句子成分。 12．whoever　whoever 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 13．whoever　whoever 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 14．whichever　whichever 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，意為“無(wú)論哪一個(gè)”。 15．why　why 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，意為“為什么”。 16．that　that 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句無(wú)意義，也不充當(dāng)任何句子成分。 17．that　that 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)意義，也不充當(dāng)任何句子成分。 18．where　where 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 19．whatever　whatever 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。 20．how　how 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，意為“怎樣，如何”。