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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)典型試題精粹 專題六 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 　　高考精萃 1．(xx大綱全國(guó)卷)The reports went missing in xx and nobody ________ (see) them since. 2．(xx北京卷)—Hi, lets go skating. —Sorry, Im busy right now. I ________ (fill) in an application form for a new job. 3．(xx北京卷)—What time is it? —I have no idea. But just a minute, I ________ (check) it for you. 4．(xx北京卷)I found the lecture hard to follow because it ________ (start) when I arrived. 5．(xx山東卷)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming than we ________ (expect)． 6．(xx山東卷)They made up their mind that they ________ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs. 7．(xx重慶卷)James has just arrived, but I didnt know he ________ (e) until yesterday. 8．(xx福建卷)—Havent seen you for ages! Where have you been? —I went to Ningxia and ________ (stay) there for one year, teaching as a volunteer. 9．(xx安徽卷)The twins, who ________ (finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground. 10．(xx浙江卷)Sofia looked around at all the faces; she had the impression that she ________ (see) most of the guests before. 11．(xx陜西卷)During his stay in Xian, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________ (remend)． 12．(xx湖南卷)Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________ (try) to make our environment more beautiful. 13．(xx四川卷)She ________ (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away. 14．(xx江西卷)—Tony, why are your eyes red? —I ________(cut) up peppers for the last five minutes. 15．(xx大綱全國(guó)卷)Unless some extra money ________ (find), the theatre will close. 16．(xx課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I ________(change) my mind. 17．(xx北京卷)Hurry up! Mark and Carl ________(expect) us. 18．(xx天津卷)The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ________(repair) one of the main pipes. 19．(xx重慶卷)I felt very tired when I got home, and I ________(go) straight to bed. 20．(xx山東卷)I didnt think Id like the movie, but actually it ________(be) pretty good. 21．(xx浙江卷)During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ________(increase) sharply. 22．(xx遼寧卷)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he ________(have) it for a very long time. 23．(xx湖南卷)Around two oclock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ________(bother) us. 24．(xx四川卷)Hurry up, kids! The school bus ______(wait) for us! 25．(xx安徽卷)Im calling about the apartment you ________ (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it? 26．(xx北京卷)Shakespeares play Hamlet ________(make) into at least ten different films over the past years. 27．(xx遼寧卷)We are confident that the environment ________(improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 28．(xx湖南卷)If nothing ________(do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 29．(xx福建)The famous musician, as well as his students, ________(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the xx Taipei Flower Expo. 30．(xx安徽卷)After school we went to the readingroom to do some reading, only to be told that it______(decorate)． 31．(xx課標(biāo)全國(guó))“Life is like walking in the snow，” Granny used to say, “because every step ________(show)．” 32．(xx課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers ________ (swim) before my eyes. 33．(xx安徽卷)Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, ________(keep) some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. 34．(xx湖南卷)Close the door of fear behind you, and you ________(see) the door of faith open before you. 35．(xx江蘇卷)The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he ________(meet) some European business partners. 36．(xx江蘇卷)The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he ________(start)． 37．(xx遼寧卷)I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I ________(fly) to Shanghai. 38．(xx浙江卷)Peter had intended to take a job in business, but ________(abandon) that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in xx. 39．(xx天津卷)The three of us ________(travel) around Europe for about a month last summer. 40．(xx湖南卷)Dont worry. The hard work that you do now ________(repay) later in life. 41．(xx天津卷)The letters for the boss ________(put) on his desk but he didnt read them until three days later. 42．(2011重慶卷)That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who ________(play) the piano upstairs? 43．(2011課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Planning so far ahead ________(make) no sense—so many things will have changed by next year. 44．(2011課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)When Alice came to, she did not know how long she ________(lie) there. 45．(2011全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)If you dont like the drink you ________ (order), just leave it and try a different one. 46．(2011天津卷)On her next birthday, Ann ______(marry) for twenty years. 47．(2011上海卷)Did you predict that many students ______ (sign) up for the dance petition? 48．(2011天津卷)In the last few years thousands of films ________ (produce) all over the world. 49．(2011湖南卷)In the near future, more advances in the robot technology ________(make) by scientists. 50．(2011北京卷)Experiments of this kind ________ (conduct) in both the U．S. and Europe well before the Second World War. 51．(2011上海卷)After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team ________(rescue) four days later. 52．(xx全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Linda, make sure the tables ________(set) before the guests arrive. 53．(xx北京卷)In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words ________(drop)． 54．(xx福建卷)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they ________(promise) before leaving their hometowns. 55．(xx上海卷)The church tower which ________(restore) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. 56．(xx全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? —No, I ________(do) my homework all day yesterday. 57．(xx全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)When you are home, give a call to let me know you ________(arrive) safely. 58．(xx全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Excuse me. I ________(not realize) I was blocking your way. 59．(xx天津卷)We ________(work) on this project for four hours. Lets have a rest. 60．(xx北京卷)—Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20? —Sorry, I __________(not make) myself clear. We want to return on October 20. 答案與解析 1．has seen　句意：這些報(bào)告在xx年就丟失了，此后再也沒(méi)人見(jiàn)到過(guò)它們。由題干中的since可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 2．a(chǎn)m filling　句意：——嗨，咱們?nèi)セ?。——?duì)不起，我現(xiàn)在忙著呢。我正在填一張新工作申請(qǐng)表。根據(jù)題干中的Im busy right now可推知fill in這一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 3．will check　句意：——現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了？——我不知道，不過(guò)等一下，我?guī)湍憧纯?。根?jù)句意可知答話者此刻也不知道幾點(diǎn)，因此“我?guī)湍憧纯础笔墙酉聛?lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故使用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 4．had started　句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)我很難明白講座的內(nèi)容，因?yàn)楫?dāng)我到的時(shí)候它已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。題干中的語(yǔ)境為過(guò)去時(shí)，根據(jù)句意可知空格處發(fā)生的動(dòng)作先于arrived，故使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 5．had expected　句意：手寫(xiě)所有的請(qǐng)柬比我們預(yù)期的更加耗時(shí)。主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，根據(jù)句意可知expect的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，所以該空表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 6．would buy　句意：他們決定一旦拉里換了工作，他們就買(mǎi)座新房子。that引導(dǎo)的從句為復(fù)合句，其中once引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故主句用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 7．was ing/would e　句意：詹姆斯剛到，但是直到昨天我才知道他會(huì)來(lái)。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)句意可知該空表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 8．stayed　句意：——好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)見(jiàn)到你了！你去哪兒了？——我去寧夏支教了一年。答句由and連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)went及句意可知，此處表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，“待”這個(gè)動(dòng)作與went這個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 9．had finished　句意：這對(duì)雙胞胎已經(jīng)完成家庭作業(yè)了，他們被允許在操場(chǎng)上打羽毛球。根據(jù)題干可知“被允許在操場(chǎng)上打羽毛球”這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，而“完成家庭作業(yè)”這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“被允許在操場(chǎng)上打羽毛球”這個(gè)動(dòng)作之前，是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 10．had seen　句意：Sofia看了看四周所有的人。她印象中她以前見(jiàn)過(guò)這些客人中的大多數(shù)。設(shè)空處所缺的動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，同時(shí)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 11．had remended　句意：Jerry在西安逗留期間，他幾乎嘗遍了朋友推薦的所有的當(dāng)?shù)厥澄铩Ｓ蓆ried可知，定語(yǔ)從句要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；“他的朋友推薦”這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在tried這個(gè)動(dòng)作之前，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 12．have been trying　句意：自從人類開(kāi)始從事園藝工作以來(lái)，我們就一直在努力使我們的環(huán)境更美。根據(jù)Since the time humankind started gardening以及try to make our environment more beautiful這一動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行可知，設(shè)空處需用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 13．was phoning　句意：她當(dāng)時(shí)正在給某人打電話，所以我對(duì)她點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭走開(kāi)了。根據(jù)句意可知該空表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 14．have been cutting　句意：——托尼，為什么你的眼睛紅了？——過(guò)去的五分鐘里我一直都在剁辣椒。根據(jù)本題中的for the last five minutes可以判斷動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 15．is found　句意：除非找到一些額外資金，否則這家劇院就得關(guān)門(mén)。由主句中的will 可知unless 引導(dǎo)的從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)，且money 和find 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故答案為is found。 16．have changed　句意：當(dāng)我第一次見(jiàn)到Bryan 時(shí)我不喜歡他，但我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)改變了看法。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but 可知，前后兩句表示今昔對(duì)比，即“我”現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)改變看法了，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 17．a(chǎn)re expecting　句意：快點(diǎn)！Mark和carol正等著咱們呢。根據(jù)題干中的Hurry up可知此處表達(dá)expect的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中。 18．a(chǎn)re repairing　句意：因?yàn)楣と藗冋谛奁渲幸粭l主管道，所以供水系統(tǒng)臨時(shí)被切斷了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知設(shè)空處表示現(xiàn)在的情況且正在進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 19．went　句意：回到家的時(shí)候我感到非常累，就直接上床睡覺(jué)了。題中空格處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與felt保持時(shí)態(tài)一致，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 20．was　句意：我原以為我不會(huì)喜歡這部電影的，但是事實(shí)上這部電影非常好。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和題干可知空格處應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 21．has increased　句意：在過(guò)去的30年中，參加健身項(xiàng)目的人數(shù)急劇增加。during/over/for the last three decades作狀語(yǔ)，句子常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 22．had had　句意：當(dāng)他賣掉他的吉他的時(shí)候，他很不高興。畢竟，他已經(jīng)擁有它好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。根據(jù)句意得知：擁有吉他在前，賣掉吉他在后，所以“擁有”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 23．bothers　句意：每天晚上大約兩點(diǎn)鐘的時(shí)候，Sue就開(kāi)始說(shuō)夢(mèng)話。這有點(diǎn)打擾我們。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知設(shè)空處指的是現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 24．is waiting　句意：快一點(diǎn)兒，孩子們！校車在等我們呢！根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，設(shè)空處表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 25．a(chǎn)dvertised　句意：我打電話是想了解一下前幾天你做過(guò)廣告的那所公寓，能告訴我關(guān)于它更多的信息嗎？句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)the other day(＝a few days ago幾天前)暗示要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 26．has been made　句意：在過(guò)去的數(shù)年里，莎士比亞的戲劇《哈姆雷特》被制作成了至少十部不同的電影。通常情況下，題干中出現(xiàn)over the past years “在過(guò)去的數(shù)年里”，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，又因play 與 make 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故設(shè)空處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 27．will be improved　句意：我們相信，通過(guò)我們進(jìn)一步減少污染的努力，環(huán)境會(huì)有所改善。題干中的are 表明語(yǔ)境是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，空格處的動(dòng)作是將來(lái)發(fā)生的且environment 與improve 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 28．is done　句意：如果不采取措施的話，海洋將會(huì)變成魚(yú)的沙漠。nothing 與 do之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系；if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。 29．was invited　句意：那位著名音樂(lè)家和他的學(xué)生應(yīng)邀在xx年臺(tái)北花博會(huì)開(kāi)幕式上演出了。題干中的主語(yǔ)是the famous musician，是單數(shù)形式，與invite 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系；根據(jù)the xx Taipei Flower Expo可知需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故空格處填一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 30．was being decorated　句意：放學(xué)后，我們?nèi)ラ営[室看書(shū)，結(jié)果被告知閱覽室正在裝修。根據(jù)句中的went 可知，空格處也應(yīng)該用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)；根據(jù)句意可知空格處敘述正在發(fā)生的情況；根據(jù)it(the readingroom)與decorate 之間的關(guān)系可知用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故空格處用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 31．shows　句意：奶奶過(guò)去常說(shuō)：“生活就如在雪地里走路，因?yàn)槊恳徊蕉硷@而易見(jiàn)?！北硎臼挛锉旧淼膶傩?、特征時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，結(jié)合“Life is like walking in the snow”的時(shí)態(tài)可知答案。show 在句中為不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“顯示出，流露出”。 32．swam　句意：整個(gè)下午我都在做數(shù)學(xué)題，眼前全是數(shù)字。and 前的句子為過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示過(guò)去一直在做某事，and 后的句子陳述“過(guò)去那個(gè)時(shí)刻的事實(shí)”，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 33．keeps　句意：沃爾瑪，美國(guó)最大的連鎖超市之一，讓它的一些連鎖店從周一到周六24小時(shí)營(yíng)業(yè)?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。依句意可知，該句敘述的是現(xiàn)在的客觀事實(shí)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；其次，主語(yǔ)為Walmart(第三人稱單數(shù)形式)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用keeps。 34．will see　句意：關(guān)上身后的恐懼之門(mén)，你就會(huì)看到信心之門(mén)在你面前打開(kāi)。本題采用“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”形式考查時(shí)態(tài)。在此句型中，祈使句相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，陳述句相當(dāng)于主句。祈使句表示將來(lái)，故后面的陳述句應(yīng)該用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 35．had met　句意：據(jù)說(shuō)，經(jīng)理已經(jīng)從巴黎回來(lái)了，在那兒他會(huì)見(jiàn)了一些歐洲的生意伙伴。根據(jù)題意可知，“回來(lái)”發(fā)生在過(guò)去，“會(huì)見(jiàn)”歐洲的生意伙伴發(fā)生在“回來(lái)”之前，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去，需用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。 36．started　句意：總統(tǒng)希望在他離任時(shí)民眾(的生活)比他就任時(shí)更富裕。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，設(shè)空處動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 37．will be flying　句意：我覺(jué)得特別興奮！明天早晨的這個(gè)時(shí)候我就在飛往上海的飛機(jī)上了。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)At this time tomorrow morning 可知，設(shè)空處表示明天早晨的這一時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在發(fā)生的事情，故用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。 38．a(chǎn)bandoned　句意：彼得本打算從商，但是xx年在加拿大那次不愉快的經(jīng)歷使得他放棄了那個(gè)計(jì)劃。根據(jù)句意，空格處表示的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 39．traveled　句意：去年夏天，我們?nèi)齻€(gè)人在歐洲旅行了大約一個(gè)月。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last summer可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 40．will be repaid　句意：不要擔(dān)心。你現(xiàn)在所付出的努力在今后的生活中會(huì)得到回報(bào)。根據(jù)later in life 可知設(shè)空處用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，又因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)The hard work與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(repay)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 41．were put　句意：給老板的信放在了他的桌子上，但他三天后才讀。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及but分句的時(shí)態(tài)可知前一分句也應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，又因?yàn)閘etters與put之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 42．is playing　句意：那段音樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)十分熟悉。誰(shuí)在樓上彈鋼琴？根據(jù)句意可知，本句說(shuō)的是現(xiàn)在的事情且動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 43．makes　句意：這么早計(jì)劃沒(méi)有什么意義——到明年很多事情就會(huì)變了。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)指經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事或存在的狀態(tài)，由句意可知本句表達(dá)目前的狀況，符合一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法。 44．had been lying　句意：當(dāng)艾麗斯蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)的時(shí)候，她不知道自己已在那兒躺了多久。由句意可知，“她躺在那兒”發(fā)生在came to 和 did not know 之前，且表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 45．ordered　句意：如果你不喜歡你點(diǎn)的飲料，那就別喝了，試試其他的(飲料)吧。由語(yǔ)境可知，點(diǎn)飲料是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 46．will have been married　句意：到下一次過(guò)生日的時(shí)候，Ann結(jié)婚就要滿二十年了。根據(jù)句中的next birthday可知要用將來(lái)時(shí)，再根據(jù)for twenty years可知要表達(dá)“完成”之意，所以設(shè)空處用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。 47．would sign　句意：你是否曾預(yù)測(cè)有許多學(xué)生會(huì)報(bào)名參加舞蹈比賽？that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，由主句中的did可確定從句用過(guò)去時(shí)；根據(jù)predict可知從句的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在將來(lái)。 48．have been produced　句意：在過(guò)去的幾年里，全世界已經(jīng)制作了成千上萬(wàn)部電影。in the last/past few years(在過(guò)去的幾年里)通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，另外，根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此句為被動(dòng)含義，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 49．will be made　句意：在不久的將來(lái)，科學(xué)家們將會(huì)在機(jī)器人技術(shù)方面取得更多的進(jìn)步。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)In the near future 可以確定該句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，而句子的主語(yǔ)more advances 和 make之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 50．had been conducted　句意：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之前，在美國(guó)和歐洲就曾進(jìn)行過(guò)這種實(shí)驗(yàn)。experiments與conduct之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且conduct這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之前，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 51．was rescued　句意：海軍小組的一名成員在一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨中失蹤四天后獲救。member和rescue之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，另外，句子只是在陳述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 52．a(chǎn)re set　句意：琳達(dá)，要保證在客人來(lái)之前把餐具擺好。關(guān)鍵同make sure要求從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且the tables與set之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 53．a(chǎn)re dropped　句意：在美國(guó)一些地方的口語(yǔ)中，單詞結(jié)尾的字母“r”的發(fā)音通常被略掉。通過(guò)題干可以判斷出sounds和drop之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；另外，題干中所提為普遍現(xiàn)象，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 54．have been promised　句意：每年相當(dāng)多的農(nóng)民工到深圳尋求可以掙到很多錢(qián)的工作。在離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)之前，已經(jīng)有人承諾他們會(huì)得到這樣的工作。they與promise之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；在離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)之前，往往已經(jīng)有人承諾他們會(huì)得到這樣的工作，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 55．is being restored　句意：正在修復(fù)的教堂塔不久就會(huì)對(duì)游客開(kāi)放。修復(fù)工作差不多快完成了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，主語(yǔ)church tower和動(dòng)詞restore之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，又由句意可知修復(fù)工作還未完成，所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 56．was doing　句意：——你讀完《簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)》了嗎？——沒(méi)有，我昨天一整天都在寫(xiě)作業(yè)。根據(jù)all day yesterday可知設(shè)空處表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的行為，故用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 57．have arrived　句意：你到家后給我打個(gè)電話，好讓我知道你已安全抵達(dá)。從語(yǔ)境看，說(shuō)話者關(guān)心對(duì)方是否已經(jīng)安全到達(dá)，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 58．didnt realize　句意：抱歉，我沒(méi)有意識(shí)到擋了你的路。“意識(shí)到”這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 59．have been working　句意：我們已經(jīng)連續(xù)做這個(gè)項(xiàng)目四個(gè)小時(shí)了，休息一下吧。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境中“休息一下吧”可知工作尚未完成，又結(jié)合題干中的for four hours可推知設(shè)空處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 60．havent made　句意：——抱歉，我不太明白你的意思。你剛才是說(shuō)你們想在9月20日返回嗎？——對(duì)不起，是我沒(méi)有表述清楚。我們想在10月20日返回。根據(jù)句意可以看出“沒(méi)有表述清楚”是當(dāng)前的一種情況，是說(shuō)話人做過(guò)的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的一種影響，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表明現(xiàn)在的情況和影響，符合題意。 　　模擬精選 1．(xx山東臨沂質(zhì)檢)The tourism of Linyi ________(see) a rapid growth over the last decade. Now its the 2nd most visited city in Shandong Province. 2．(xx山東青島一模)Jack doesnt smoke now, but he ________ (smoke) for almost twenty years. 3．(xx甘肅武威涼州區(qū)一次診斷)If only I had got up a little earlier this morning! I ________(miss) the bus by only a minute and waited half an hour for another. 4．(xx河南開(kāi)封二模)—Sunny Taxi Service. Can I help you? —My plane ________(take) off at 11：30 in the morning. Can you send a taxi no later than 9 oclock? 5．(xx江蘇常州上學(xué)期期末)This nationwide smog should serve as a reminder to all, indicating its high time that we ________ (reflect) on what weve done to the environment. 6．(xx山東濰坊3月模擬)—That must have been a terrible experience. —Yeah. I ________(stick) in the damaged car, unable to move. 7．(xx江西重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校一聯(lián))This brand of knife is quite popular with customers, for it ________(cut) well. 8．(xx重慶上學(xué)期期末)—Whats up? The house is in a mess. —Oh, I forgot to tell you. It ________(repaint)． 9．(xx山東日照模擬)The girl had been suffering from lung cancer, yet she acted as if nothing ________(happen) to her while we were together. 10．(xx江西南昌一模)Experiments on animals ________(conduct) long before the medicine was applied to patients. 11．(xx陜西咸陽(yáng)模擬)In order to get good marks in the ing exam, my son ________(study) late every night in the past three weeks. 12．(xx四川成都七中二診)—What is the procedure of the application? —All the applicants ________(interview) before a final decision is made by the authority. 13．(xx四川成都外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校月考)—Havent I told you that you should be home earlier? —Yes, but I ________(e) home earlier than I usually do. 14．(xx浙江杭州一次質(zhì)檢)Mr. White ________(work) in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month. 15．(xx浙江衢州一中一模)Large quantities of information, as well as some timely help __________(offer) since the organization was built. 16．(xx安徽馬鞍山一次質(zhì)檢)—What do you want for breakfast, Joe? —I think I ________(have) some bread and milk. 17．(xx福建福州八中六次質(zhì)檢)The project ________(contribute) to developing the economy and reducing poverty when it is pleted. 18．(xx福建莆田3月質(zhì)檢)Nelson Mandela ________(die) peacefully at his Johannesburg home on Thursday, President Jacob Zuma said. 19．(xx甘肅河西五市一聯(lián))—I thought you ________(be) leaving for vacation tomorrow. —I had planned to, but I have a very important meeting to attend tomorrow. 20．(xx四川成都二次診斷)Up to now, thousands of red phone boxes, the old image of Britain, ________(remove) due to mobile phones. 21．(xx北京海淀期末練習(xí))—Have you heard of the accident on this road last night? —Yes. And there ________ (be) three accidents here so far this year. 22．(xx北京東城統(tǒng)一檢測(cè))Try not to wake up the baby if you ________(go) into the bedroom. 23．(xx福州質(zhì)量檢測(cè))—You seem to be familiar with this city. —I ________(live) here for three years. Its great to be back. 24．(xx湖南“五市十?！甭?lián)合檢測(cè))—Can he get the first prize for running in this sports meeting? —Impossible now. He ________ (expect) to do so, but he has just hurt his leg. 25．(xx南昌一模)Mr.Smith would have been happy to give you two days off, if you had gone and explained that your parents ________(be) ill at the time. 26．(xx浙江考試院高三抽測(cè))By the time the traffic ______(clear), we will have run out of gas. 27．(xx陜西寶雞質(zhì)檢二)Sometimes giving a gift is better than spoken munications, since the message it ________(offer) can break through barriers of language. 28．(xx重慶聯(lián)合測(cè)試)Life is like a hot bath. It ________(feel) good while youre in it, but the longer you stay in, the more wrinkled you get. 29．(xx山東濰坊期中)I ________(drink) a cup of coffee when a new idea occurred to me. 30．(xx太原測(cè)評(píng))In order to make up the missing notes, he ________(try) his best to spend as much spare time as possible doing this job these days. 31．(xx合肥第一次質(zhì)檢)—What a pity! I missed The Voice of China last night. —Dont worry. It ________(broadcast) again this weekend. 32．(xx成都第一次診斷)—Will you be available at three oclock tomorrow afternoon? —No. I ________ (attend) a lecture then. 33．(xx山東威海期中)—Youve left the light on. —Oh, so I have. I ________(go) and turn it off. 34．(xx山東青島質(zhì)檢)The other day my father ________ (drop) in on me. 35．(xx浙江溫州第一次適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)—How do you like the TV show “Daddy, Where Are We Going”？ —It made me laugh sometimes, yet not as much as I ________(expect)． 36．(xx北京海淀期末練習(xí))—Can I e over in an hour? —Sorry, I ________(clean) the house. 37．(xx山東濰坊聯(lián)考)It is reported that his new book ________(publish) by that pany next year. 38．(xx鄭州第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))—Have you read any novels written by the famous writer Mo Yan? —Yes, of course. I ________(read) several of his works when I was studying abroad. 39．(xx福建廈門(mén)質(zhì)檢)Im afraid I cant recognize Ann when we meet, for I ________(see) her for 30 years. 40．(xx河北石家莊教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))When residents learned on Wednesday that only one of the 13 workers trapped underground ________(survive), they burst into tears. 答案與解析 1．has seen　句意：在過(guò)去的十年，臨沂見(jiàn)證了本地區(qū)旅游業(yè)的快速發(fā)展。現(xiàn)在臨沂已經(jīng)成為山東省第二大旅游城市。根據(jù)題干中的over the last decade 可推知設(shè)空處需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 2．smoked　句意：杰克現(xiàn)在不抽煙，但他過(guò)去抽了近20年。前后兩句表示對(duì)比，設(shè)空處表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。考生誤認(rèn)為“for＋一段時(shí)間”是完成體的記號(hào)，其實(shí)不然，當(dāng)表示一個(gè)行為持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間時(shí)，才能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；只有表示一個(gè)行為一直持續(xù)到過(guò)去有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 3．missed　句意：要是我今天早晨早點(diǎn)起床就好了！我只以一分鐘之差錯(cuò)過(guò)了那輛公共汽車，又等了半個(gè)小時(shí)才等來(lái)了另一輛。設(shè)空處介紹的是過(guò)去的情況，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 4．takes　句意：——陽(yáng)光出租車服務(wù)。我能幫您嗎？——我要乘坐的航班上午11：30起飛，你能在9點(diǎn)前派一輛出租車嗎？介紹飛機(jī)、火車等公共交通工具的時(shí)刻表常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 5．should reflect/reflected　句意：這種全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)的霧霾天氣應(yīng)該作為一個(gè)提醒，提醒我們所有的人：是時(shí)候?qū)ξ覀儗?duì)環(huán)境的所作所為做出反省了。It is high time＋that 從句，that 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用過(guò)去式或should＋動(dòng)詞原形。 6．was stuck　句意：——那一定是次可怕的經(jīng)歷?！堑?。當(dāng)時(shí)我被卡在破損的車?yán)飫?dòng)不了。考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 7．cuts　句意：因?yàn)檫@個(gè)品牌的刀子很好用，所以它在顧客中很受歡迎。本句表示主語(yǔ)目前的某種屬性特征，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意思，此外主語(yǔ)it 為單數(shù)第三人稱，故cut 后需加“s”。 8．is being repainted　句意：——發(fā)生什么事了？房子亂七八糟的。——噢，我忘了告訴你了。這座房子正在重新粉刷。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，設(shè)空處表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，且主語(yǔ)it 與 repaint 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故答案為is being repainted。 9．had happened　句意：那個(gè)女孩兒一直受肺癌之苦，然而我們?cè)谝黄饡r(shí)她表現(xiàn)得好像什么都沒(méi)發(fā)生過(guò)似的。as if 引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指過(guò)去的情況，故設(shè)空處需用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，happen 為不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故答案為had happened。 10．had been conducted　句意：這種藥在應(yīng)用在病人身上前，在動(dòng)物身上做了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的實(shí)驗(yàn)。experiments與conduct 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；“做實(shí)驗(yàn)”先于“應(yīng)用于病人”，故設(shè)空處需用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故答案為had been conducted。 11．has been studying　句意：為了在即將來(lái)臨的考試中獲得好成績(jī)，在過(guò)去的3周內(nèi)我兒子每晚都學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in the past three weeks”可知設(shè)空處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 12．a(chǎn)re interviewed　句意：——申請(qǐng)的步驟是什么？——在專家做出最后的決定之前所有的申請(qǐng)人得經(jīng)過(guò)面試。本句介紹的是申請(qǐng)的步驟，屬習(xí)慣性行為，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；applicants 與 interview 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 13．came　句意：——難道我沒(méi)告訴你應(yīng)該早一些回家嗎？——告訴了，但是我比平時(shí)早回家了。雙方談話時(shí)回家已成為過(guò)去，故用過(guò)去時(shí)。 14．had worked　句意：懷特先生在上個(gè)月退休之前在我們學(xué)校已經(jīng)工作了近40年。work 這一行為先于retired，表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 15．have been offered　句意：自從那個(gè)組織被建立起來(lái)，他們提供了大量的信息和一些及時(shí)的幫助。主語(yǔ)(Large quantities of information, as well as some timely help)和offer 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；又根據(jù)since the organization was built 可知設(shè)空處需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，根據(jù)主謂一致原則可知答案為have been offered。 16．will have　句意：——喬，早餐你想吃什么？——我想吃些面包，喝些牛奶。本空表示臨時(shí)決定，故答案為will have。 17．will contribute　句意：這項(xiàng)工程的完成，將會(huì)對(duì)促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，減少貧困作出貢獻(xiàn)。本句從句部分用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，主句需用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 18．died　句意：Jacob Zuma 總統(tǒng)說(shuō)：“納爾遜曼德拉于周四在他約翰內(nèi)斯堡的家里平靜地離世。”根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)on Thursday 可知設(shè)空處需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 19．were　句意：——我原以為你明天動(dòng)身去度假。——我原計(jì)劃明天動(dòng)身，但明天我有一個(gè)非常重要的會(huì)議要參加。were leaving 表示過(guò)去計(jì)劃、安排的事情。 20．have been removed　句意：到現(xiàn)在為止，數(shù)以千計(jì)的紅色電話亭——英國(guó)的古老印象——由于手機(jī)的使用已被拆除。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Up to now 可知設(shè)空處需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主語(yǔ)red phone boxes 與remove 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 21．have been　句意：——昨天晚上這條公路上發(fā)生的事故你聽(tīng)說(shuō)了嗎？——聽(tīng)說(shuō)了。今年到現(xiàn)在為止這里已經(jīng)發(fā)生三起事故了。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“so far this year”可知，這里敘述的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 22．go　句意：如果你進(jìn)臥室，盡量不要吵醒孩子。在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，故填go。 23．lived　句意：——你似乎對(duì)這座城市很熟悉啊?！以谶@里生活過(guò)3年?；貋?lái)的感覺(jué)真好。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，說(shuō)話人只是在陳述在這里生活過(guò)3年的事實(shí)，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 24．was expected　句意：——他能夠在這次運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的長(zhǎng)跑比賽中獲得冠軍嗎？——現(xiàn)在不可能了。原先還期望他能，但他剛剛傷了腿。根據(jù)句意可知，他過(guò)去被人們期待，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被