高中英語聽力講座.ppt
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高中英語聽力備考建議,,,李春,考查目標(biāo),1、理解主旨和要義;2、獲取事實(shí)性的具體信息;3、對(duì)所聽內(nèi)容作出簡(jiǎn)單推斷;4、理解說話者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。,二、高考聽力測(cè)試的命題特點(diǎn),1.主旨大意題對(duì)話或獨(dú)白總是圍繞主旨或者中心思想展開。有時(shí),主旨和要義比較明確;有時(shí)則貫穿整個(gè)對(duì)話或獨(dú)白,需考生自己去歸納、概括。,例1:Whatarethetwospeakersdoing?,A.EnjoyingmeetingeachotherB.Sayinggoodbyetoeachother.CPlanningtoseeeachotheragain.錄音稿:M:Well,I’dbetterbegettinghome.It’sbeinggreatseeingyouagain.W:Oh,it’sniceseeingyou,too.,,,分析〕根據(jù)I’dbetterbegettinghome和it’sniceseeingyou可判斷是說話者是在告別,不難作出判斷答案是B。,例2:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Achild.B.Aroom.C.Apresent.錄音稿:W:Bill,that’salovelypaintinginyourroom.M:I’mgladyoulikeit.It’saChristmasgiftfrommyson.W:Well,it’sbeautiful.Yoursonhasverygoodtaste.,〔分析〕根據(jù)對(duì)話中的關(guān)鍵詞Christmasgift可判斷整個(gè)對(duì)話圍繞這一話題展開,所以答案為C。,2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題為了說明和解釋主旨,對(duì)話或獨(dú)白中需要一些具體信息,如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件(who,what,which,when,where,how,why)等,這些信息對(duì)理解對(duì)話,把握對(duì)話主旨是不可缺少的內(nèi)容,且在試題中占相當(dāng)大的比例。這類題要求學(xué)生在聽清,聽懂信息的同時(shí),還要對(duì)所聽到的信息做簡(jiǎn)單的處理。有的也需要考生進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算。,,1)關(guān)于人物、事件、地點(diǎn)的試題此類試題是考查較多的問題。它不是要考查主旨大意,而是根據(jù)對(duì)話獲取細(xì)節(jié)信息,一般在對(duì)話中直接有答案。常見的提問方式有:Who…?What…?Which…?Where…?,例4:Whoisthemangoingtogoboatingwith?A.TomB.JohnC.Thewoman.,錄音稿:M:Ihopeit’llbefinetomorrow.I’mgoingboatingwithTom?W:Oh,Ithinkitwillbefine.M:Areyousure?W:Yes.Johntoldmehehearditontheradio.,W:Oh,Ithinkitwillbefine.M:Areyousure?W:Yes.Johntoldmehehearditontheradio.,分析〕此題的主旨大意是討論天氣,但題目考查的是細(xì)節(jié)誰將和這位男士去劃船?所以答案只能是A。,例5:WhatgiftwillthewomanprobablygetforMary?A.AschoolbagB.Arecord.C.Atheatre.錄音稿:W:HaveyouanyideawhattobuyforMary’sbirthday?M:Well,I’llgetheranewschoolbagandIpromisedtotakehertoafilm.Whataboutyou?W:Oh,Ihaven’tdecidedyet.I’llprobablybuyherthatnewmusicrecordasshelikesitsomuch.,分析〕本對(duì)話的主旨大意是討論給Mary買生日禮物,但本題是考查細(xì)節(jié):該女士會(huì)買什么禮物?根據(jù)對(duì)話,她雖未決定要買什么,但她說很可能會(huì)買那張唱片,所以選B。,例6:Whatdidthewomansayabouttheweather?A.Itwasreallyverycold.B.ItsnowedinDecember.C.Therewassnowallwinter.,M:Wasitverycoldlastwinter?W:Notreally.Thetemperatureneverdroppedbelowfreezing.TherewasalittlesnowinDecemberaroundChristmas,butthat’sall.,分析〕本對(duì)話的主題是討論去年冬天的天氣,但提問的是該女士所說的天氣的具體內(nèi)容。根據(jù)對(duì)話,女士說冬天不冷,只有十二月份圣誕左右下過雪,所以答案為B。例7:Whatistheman’sfavouritefree-timeactivity?A.WatchingTV.B.Readingabook.C.Listeningtomusic.,,錄音稿:W:Canyoutellmewhatyouaredoingintheevening?M:Well,Ilikemusic.Ilistentolotofpopmusic.ButmostofallIlikewatchingTV.It’smuchbetterthanreadingabook.〔分析〕本對(duì)話的主題是討論業(yè)余活動(dòng),三項(xiàng)活動(dòng)都提到了,但最喜歡的是看電視,所以選A。,例8:Wheredoesthemancomefrom?A.TheUK.B.TheUSA.C.Russia.,錄音稿:W:YouspeakEnglishquitewell.AreyoufromtheUSAortheUK?M:Thankyou,butI’mfromRussia.IhavelearnedEnglishforfiveyears.〔分析〕根據(jù)對(duì)話,我們知道該男子來自于俄國(guó),他英語說的好的原因是學(xué)英語已五年了。所以選C。,2)關(guān)于時(shí)間、數(shù)字計(jì)算的試題:,這類試題都涉及到一些數(shù)字,一般都要進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)算。一方面,根據(jù)表示時(shí)間的關(guān)聯(lián)詞來判斷事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間,如:before,after,then,until,later,immediately等。另一方面,此類題都會(huì)涉及不只一個(gè)數(shù)字,考生除了要聽清楚數(shù)字外,還要注意一些常見短語如:double,half,dozen,one-third,thirtypercent,threetimes,penny,cent,etc.常見的提問方式有:When…?Whattime…?Howold…?Howmuch…?Howmany…?等等。,例9:Whencanthebookbeborrowedfromthelibrary?A.InJune.B.InJuly.C.InSeptember.,錄音稿:W:Thatfamouswriter’snewbookiscomingoutinJuneorJuly.M:Weprobablywon’tbeabletofindalibrarycopyuntilSeptember.〔分析〕根據(jù)對(duì)話中Weprobablywon’tbeabletofindalibrarycopyuntilSeptember.可知圖書館里有書要到九月份,所以選C。,例10:Whattimeisitnow?A.8:00B.7:50C.8:10,錄音稿:M:Icancometoyourhouseandpickyouupinhalfanhour.W:Good.Thatmeansyou’llbehereat8:40〔分析〕根據(jù)半個(gè)小時(shí)后是8:40,計(jì)算后知現(xiàn)在應(yīng)為8:10,所以選C。例11:Howmucharethethreebooks?A.$2.50B.$1.75C.$2.25,錄音稿:M:I’lltakethesebooks.Aretheyseventy-fivecentseach?W:Thesetwobooksare,butthisoneisonedollar.,分析〕根據(jù)對(duì)話,兩本七十五分的應(yīng)該是1.5元,再加上1元,應(yīng)該選A。例12:Howmanystudentsarethereinthewoman’scollege?A.1,590B.1,060C.530錄音稿:Howmanystudentsarethereinyourcollege?W:Wehad530threeyearsago.Nowwe’vegottwicethatnumber.,〔分析〕三年前是530人,現(xiàn)在是原來的兩倍,所以答案應(yīng)是B。,3)關(guān)于原因、結(jié)果方面的試題這類問題主要對(duì)原因進(jìn)行提問,常與文中表示原因的句子形成因果關(guān)系。因此要注意because,for,since,as,sothat,inorderto等引導(dǎo)的句子或短語。常見的提問方式有:Why...?What’sreasonfor…?等等。例13:Whywillthewomanstayhomeintheevening?A.Towaitforacall.B.TowatchaballgameonTV.C.Tohavedinnerwithafriend.,3)關(guān)于原因、結(jié)果方面的試題,,錄音稿:M:Wecouldgotoaballgamethisevening,or,wouldyourathereatinarestaurantthanseeafilm?W:Totellyouthetruth,Ican’treallygoanywherethisevening,becauseIamexpectingaveryimportantphonecall.〔分析〕根據(jù)對(duì)話中的回答becauseIamexpectingaveryimportantphonecall可知該女士要等電話,所以選A。,,例14:Whyisn’tHelenpresent?A.Shedecidednottogo.B.Sheforgottocome.C.Shewasn’tinvited.錄音稿:M:Helenisn’thereyet.Didyouforgettoinviteher?W:Shewasgoingtocome,butthenchangedhermind.〔分析〕根據(jù)對(duì)話可知:她本想來,但后來改變了主意。所以答案為A。,,3、推理判斷題1)關(guān)于人物關(guān)系、職業(yè)、身份的試題此類試題在對(duì)話中沒有對(duì)人物身份、關(guān)系等作直接的說明,而是要根據(jù)對(duì)話中所提供的特定情境和談話內(nèi)容,對(duì)說話的人的身份、職業(yè)、關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理判斷,常見的提問方式有:Whoistheman(woman)?What’sthejoboftheman?What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?What’stheman/woman?以下是常見的對(duì)話者關(guān)系:husband—wife;teacher—student;Boss—employee;waiter—customer;Doctor—patient;parents—kid;Classmates;roommates;shopassistant—customer等。,例15:What’sthejoboftheman?A.Heisataxidriver.B.Heisaconductor.C.Heisabusdriver.,錄音稿:W:DoyouthinkyoucantakemetotheGrandHotelin30minutes?M:Itdependsonwhetherthetrafficistooheavy…Anyhow,I’lltrymybest.You’vegotenoughtime.W:HowmuchshouldIpay?M:Er…$12.75,please.Here’s$15.Giveme$1.00back,please.,〔分析〕根據(jù)對(duì)話中要求送到theGrandHotel以及付12.75美圓可知,只有出租車才能這樣做,所以選A。,例16:What’stherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Strangers.C.Teacherandstudent.錄音稿:M:Mary,wherewereyouyesterday?W:Iwashereatschool.M:Oh,really?Butyouwerenothere.Youwereabsent.W:Sir,ifyouhadalreadyknownthat,whydidyouaskme?〔分析〕根據(jù)對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的school,Sir等分析,對(duì)話應(yīng)該是在師生之間展開的,所以選C,2)關(guān)于地點(diǎn)、方位的問題,對(duì)話中經(jīng)常并不直接出現(xiàn)說話的地點(diǎn),而是要考生根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容可判斷說話人的談話背景。此類試題常見的提問方式是:Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?Wherearethetwospeakersnow?Whereisthemangoingnow?常見的地點(diǎn)有:inashop;inarestaurant;atahotel;inthelibrary;inthepostoffice;attheairport;inthehospital;intheschool;intheoffice等。,例17:Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.OnaplaneB.InabusC.Inahospital,錄音稿:W:I’msorry,butthereisnosmokingonthisflight.M:Oh,Ididn’tknowthat.Sorry.〔分析〕根據(jù)短語onthisflight可判斷是在飛機(jī)上,所以選A。例18:Wherearethetwospeakers?A.Attheman’shouse.B.Inarestaurant.C.Onafarm.,錄音稿:W:Whatwouldyouliketohave,sir?M:Well,I’dliketohaveanapplejuiceandachickensandwich.,〔分析〕根據(jù)第一句話可知是提供某種服務(wù)類型的人,第二句話里的anapplejuiceandachickensandwich,可判斷是吃飯的地方,所以選B。例19:Wheredoesthemanwanttogo?A.Europe.B.TheUSA.C.HongKong.錄音稿:M:WewanttotakethekidstoDisneylandthissummerholiday?W:You’regoingtotheUSA?OrareyougoingtoEurope?M:Notthatfar.ThereisaDisneylandinHongKong.,分析〕對(duì)話中有好幾個(gè)地點(diǎn),但男子講不去那么遠(yuǎn),香港就有Disneyland,從而可判斷應(yīng)選C。,3)推測(cè)、理解領(lǐng)會(huì)對(duì)話的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度及意圖這類考題要求考生不但能理解錄音原文的主旨大意,而且還要通過文中的重要細(xì)節(jié)、具體事實(shí),揣摩、推斷說話者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度等,這類題能測(cè)試出考生在聽力方面的綜合素質(zhì)。常見的提問方式有:Whatdoestheman(woman)mean?Whatdowelearnfromtheman’s(woman’s)reply?Howdoesthemanfeel…?Whatdoestheman(woman)suggest…?,,例20:Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Shedoesn’tlikepicnickingatall.B.Shewentonapicnicyesterday.C.Sheisverybusytoday.錄音稿:M:Wouldyouliketogoonapicnicwithmetoday?W:Idon’tthinkso.IfIhadn’tgoneonapicnicyesterday,I’dbeveryhappytogowithyoutoday.〔分析〕根據(jù)對(duì)話中的虛擬語氣,我們可知昨天進(jìn)行了野炊,所以選B。,,例21:Whatdoyouknowfromtheconversation?A.Themanhadtoworkovertime.B.HenryfailedtomeetthemanC.Themanhadatrafficaccident錄音稿:M:Ifthetrafficwasn’tsobad,Ishouldhavebeenhomebysixo’clock.W:Whatapity.Henrywasheretoseeyou.〔分析〕根據(jù)第一句本該六點(diǎn)鐘到但未到(shouldhavebeenhome),第二句太遺憾了,Henry來看你的,用的是過去時(shí)態(tài),所以可以判斷答案為B。例22:Howdidthewomanfeelaboutthefilm?A.Interesting.B.Exciting.C.Dull.,,錄音稿:M:Didyouwatchthemidnightfilmlastnight?W:Yes,butIonlywatchedpartofit.M:Ireallylikedit.Ithinkitisreallyexciting.W:Exciting?Ifellasleepduringthefilm.〔分析〕根據(jù)對(duì)話,女生在說話時(shí)重復(fù)了exciting一詞,表示不同意對(duì)方的意見,接著還說在看電影時(shí)睡著了,所以可斷定她認(rèn)為這電影Dull。,,例24:(1)HowdoesthemanfeelaboutDavid’swayofsleeping?A.It’seffective.B.It’sstrange.C.It’sthebest.(2)Whatdoesthewomansuggestattheendofthetalk?A.PeopleshoulddevelopahabitlikeDavid’s.B.Peopleneedlongerhoursofsleep.C.Peoplehavedifferentsleepinghabits.,,錄音稿:M:HowcomeDavidisalwayssofullofenergy?W:Hehasastrangebuthighlyeffectivewayofsleeping.M:Whatisthat?W:Hetakesashortsleepforanhoureverysixhoursandhasatotaloffourhoursofsleepeachday.M:Wheredidhegetthatstrangeidea?W:Hereadfromabookwhichsaiditwasthebestwayforhumanbeings,andhebelievedit.M:Howmanyhoursdoyousleepaday?W:Ineedatleastsevenhours.IoncetriedtofollowDavid’sexample,butitneverworkedoutforme.M:IfIsleepduringtheday,Icanneverwakeup.W:NoteveryoneisaDavid,Iguess.,,〔分析〕第一題:對(duì)話中女士介紹了David的睡眠方式后,男士繼續(xù)提出疑問:Wheredidhegetthatstrangeidea?所以可知他認(rèn)為David的睡眠方式奇怪。第二題:此題要根據(jù)整個(gè)對(duì)話的內(nèi)容判斷才能得出結(jié)論:首先是女士對(duì)這種睡眠方式的嘗試和結(jié)果:IoncetriedtofollowDavid’sexample,butitneverworkedoutforme.然后男士的觀點(diǎn):IfIsleepduringtheday,Icanneverwakeup.再根據(jù)最后一句NoteveryoneisaDavid,可判斷答案為Peoplehavedifferentsleepinghabits.,三、掌握答題技巧,1.放松心情,做好預(yù)測(cè)很多考生可能有過這種經(jīng)歷,由于聽力第一部分只播放一遍,加之開始不熟悉說話人的語音、語調(diào)和語速,而自己又不希望失掉一分,于是思想高度集中,心跳加快,精神緊張,這樣反而丟掉開頭的一分。因?yàn)閬G掉一分,情緒不佳,導(dǎo)致接下來的幾道題連連失手。針對(duì)這種情況,考生在考試開始時(shí)不妨自己做做深呼吸,放松心情,使自己處于最佳心理狀態(tài)。如果萬一某一句話聽不明白,應(yīng)該大大方方地放棄,以免影響后面的答題。,,聽力測(cè)試的每段對(duì)話或講話的考點(diǎn)都要集中在一些主要信息和重要細(xì)節(jié)上??忌鷳?yīng)該在時(shí)間運(yùn)用方面有超前意識(shí),充分利用有限時(shí)間掃視或快速瀏覽試卷上的問題以及選項(xiàng),從而確定是考查事件細(xì)節(jié)(如地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、數(shù)字、職業(yè)、身份關(guān)系),還是考查標(biāo)題、中心思想,并推測(cè)聽力材料的可能意向。做到事先有思想準(zhǔn)備,再有的放矢地聽,這樣在聽錄音時(shí)就可以集中主要精力去捕捉問題所涉及的有關(guān)信息。,,例如:What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?(A)Husbandandwife.(B)Waiterandcustomer.(C)Studentandteacher.〔分析〕根據(jù)聽力試題,考生可以預(yù)測(cè)到該對(duì)話肯定是側(cè)重于對(duì)話人的身份,所以在聽力過程中抓住透露雙方關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵詞即可。,,2.做好筆記,把握細(xì)節(jié)在聽力材料較長(zhǎng),干擾項(xiàng)也較多的情況下,學(xué)會(huì)邊聽邊做筆記尤為重要??忌鷳?yīng)該用自己熟悉的符號(hào)來速記,將諸如年、月、日、星期、鐘點(diǎn)、年齡、價(jià)碼等數(shù)字和關(guān)鍵詞盡量記下,并做好必要的換算,對(duì)于人名和地名可記下首字母或漢字,這些對(duì)于提高正確率大有幫助.①運(yùn)用速記符號(hào):例如:↑up;↓down;←left;→right;=equal②使用縮寫符號(hào):例如:PRC=People’sRepublicofChina;e.g.=forexample,3.注意特殊句型,把握關(guān)鍵詞,1)考生要注意轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、否定和虛擬語氣的特殊句型以及時(shí)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換,要學(xué)會(huì)透過轉(zhuǎn)折和讓步把握說話者的真正意圖。表轉(zhuǎn)折的常見詞是“but”,一般來說聽者尤其要注意but后的意思,這是整句的主要部分。其他表轉(zhuǎn)折和讓步意義的詞還有:though,although,eventhough,evenif,inspiteof,despite,unless,insteadof,however及whatever(=nomatterwhat)之類引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的表達(dá)法。,2)識(shí)別關(guān)鍵詞的技巧①透露說話人身份的關(guān)鍵詞,如果考生可以通過關(guān)鍵詞很快判斷對(duì)話者的關(guān)系和身份,將有助于考生有目的地集中注意力,并在腦海中搜索相關(guān)背景知識(shí),進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)聽力材料的理解。例如:Ijustcan’tbelieveyouareapoliceofficer,Kay.Irememberinhighschool,youalwayswantedtobealawyer.如果考生意識(shí)到該對(duì)話中的關(guān)鍵詞為inhighschool,那么他馬上可以意識(shí)到這是兩個(gè)老同學(xué)之間的對(duì)話。,②透露地點(diǎn)/場(chǎng)合的關(guān)鍵詞,考生如果善于捕捉聽力材料中的關(guān)于地點(diǎn)或場(chǎng)合(即語言環(huán)境)的關(guān)鍵詞,也有助于他們判斷聽力材料的主題、說話人之間關(guān)系等等。如果對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)specialprice,那么對(duì)話很可能發(fā)生在商店;treatment等詞可以透露出醫(yī)患關(guān)系,以下是有關(guān)機(jī)場(chǎng)或者旅館的關(guān)鍵詞:Checkin入住登記checkout結(jié)賬porter搬luggage行李bookaroom預(yù)定房間doubleroom雙人房passenger乘客economyclass經(jīng)濟(jì)艙businessclass公務(wù)艙runway跑道passport護(hù)照flight航班stewardess乘務(wù)員,3)捕捉數(shù)字,許多聽力材料中涉及數(shù)字,例如年代、日期、價(jià)格、數(shù)量等等,并且會(huì)以基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)、百分比等形式出現(xiàn),這就要求考生辨別各種形式的數(shù)字,還要熟悉數(shù)字之間的關(guān)系。例如:減價(jià):20%off,specialoffer,specialprice,25%discount,sale原價(jià):regularprice,normalprice增長(zhǎng):by10%increasein…1/3climbin……下降:by23%fallin…5.5%decreasein…,2、應(yīng)考建議,⑴沉著冷靜,克服焦慮。考前針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行聽力訓(xùn)練和模擬適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練。開考時(shí)利用聽力試音時(shí)間進(jìn)入考試狀態(tài)。⑵閱讀試題,積極預(yù)測(cè)。要利用看題時(shí)間認(rèn)真讀題,對(duì)即將聽到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),這樣會(huì)從容不迫。否則邊聽邊看題,手忙腳亂,顧此失彼。⑶抓關(guān)鍵詞句,重整體理解。聽力中把每一個(gè)單詞都聽清并且記住是很困難的。考生要盡可能多地獲得信息,特別是與題目相關(guān)的信息,但是其中有些信息是干擾項(xiàng)。所以考生要整體理解,不能以偏概全。,,⑷邊聽邊記,防止遺忘。聽懂和記住是兩個(gè)概念。內(nèi)容聽懂了,但是具體的細(xì)節(jié)不一定能記住。近兩年試題出現(xiàn)了長(zhǎng)的對(duì)話和獨(dú)白,為確保聽力無誤,要養(yǎng)成邊聽邊記的習(xí)慣。要有效地利用縮寫,符號(hào)等形式,減輕記錄的負(fù)擔(dān)。⑸果斷答題。切忌猶猶豫豫。聽完錄音后,每個(gè)小題只有5秒鐘的做題時(shí)間。做題時(shí)要果斷,切忌思來想去,拿不定主意。否則會(huì)影響下面的題目。,Good-bye!,- 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